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Multifunctional dopamine-assisted preparation of efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第3期30卷 291-300页

作者： jiankai zhang Huangzhong Yu School of Physics and Optoelectronics South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640GuangdongChina The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of EducationAnhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241000Anhui China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development Guangzhou 510640GuangdongChina South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation Dongguan 523808GuangdongChina

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)show great potential for next-generation photovoltaics,due to their excellent optical and electrical ***,defects existing inside the perovskite film impair both the performance and stability of the *** Pb^(2+),uncoordinated I^(-),and metallic Pb(Pb^(0))are the main defects occur during perovskite film preparation and device operation,due to the volatilization of organic cationic *** these defects is a desirable tas k,because they are non-radiative recombination centers that cause open-circuit voltage(VOC)loss and degradation of the perovskite ***,the multifunctional bioactive compound dopamine(DA)is introduced for the first time to control the perovskite film formation and passivate the uncoordinated Pb^(2+)defects via Lewis acid-base *** Pb^(0) and I^(-)defects are effectively suppressed by the DA *** the same time,the DA treatment results in a stronger crystal orientation along the(110)plane and upshifts the valence band of perovskite closer to the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)of the hole transport layer(2,2’,7,7’-tetrakis(N,N’-di-pmethoxyphenylamine)-9,9’-spirobifluorene,spiro-OMeTAD),which is beneficial for charge separation and transport ***,the stability of MAPbI_(3)(MA=CH_(3)NH_(3))PSCs prepared with the DA additive(especially the thermal stability)is effectively improved due to the better crystallinity and lower number of defect trap states of the perovskite *** optimized MAPbI3 PSCs maintain approximately 90% of their original power conversion efficiency(PCE)upon annealing at 85℃ for 120 *** best performance triple-cation perovskite(Cs_(0.05)(FA_(0.83)MA_(0.17))_(0.95)Pb(I_(0.83)Br_(0.17))_(3))(FA=formamidinium)solar cell with ITO/SnO_(2)/Cs_(0.05)(FA_(0.83)MA_(0.17))_(0.95)Pb(I_(0.83)Br_(0.17))_(3):DA/spiro-OMeTAD/MoO_(3)/Ag(ITO=indium tin oxide)structure shows a PCE of 21.03% with negligible hysteresis,which is

关键词： Perovskite solar cell Dopamine Defect Passivation Performance

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Attribution of Biases of Interhemispheric Temperature Contrast in CMIP6 Models

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 325-340页

作者： Shiyan zhang Yongyun HU jiankai zhang Yan XIA Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Systems Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

One of the basic characteristics of Earth's modern climate is that the Northern Hemisphere(NH) is climatologically warmer than the Southern Hemisphere(SH). Here, model performances of this basic state are examined using simulation results from 26 CMIP6 models. Results show that the CMIP6 models underestimate the contrast in interhemispheric surface temperatures on average(0.8 K for CMIP6 mean versus 1.4 K for reanalysis data mean), and that there is a large intermodel spread, ranging from -0.7 K to 2.3 K. A box model energy budget analysis shows that the contrast in interhemispheric shortwave absorption at the top of the atmosphere, the contrast in interhemispheric greenhouse trapping, and the crossequatorial northward ocean heat transport, are all underestimated in the multimodel mean. By examining the intermodel spread, we find intermodel biases can be tracked back to biases in midlatitude shortwave cloud forcing in AGCMs. Models with a weaker interhemispheric temperature contrast underestimate the shortwave cloud reflection in the SH but overestimate the shortwave cloud reflection in the NH, which are respectively due to underestimation of the cloud fraction over the SH extratropical ocean and overestimation of the cloud liquid water content over the NH extratropical *** that underestimate the interhemispheric temperature contrast exhibit larger double ITCZ biases, characterized by excessive precipitation in the SH tropics. Although this intermodel spread does not account for the multimodel ensemble mean biases, it highlights that improving cloud simulation in AGCMs is essential for simulating the climate realistically in coupled models.

关键词： interhemispheric temperature contrast energy balance shortwave cloud forcing ITCZ CMIP6 AGCM

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Evaluating the Ozone Valley over the Tibetan Plateau in CMIP6 Models

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第7期39卷 1167-1183页

作者： Kequan zhang Jiakang DUAN Siyi ZHAO jiankai zhang James KEEBLE Hongwen LIU Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education College of Atmospheric SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Chemistry University of CambridgeCambridge CB21EWUK National Centre for Atmospheric Science Cambridge CB21EWUK

Total column ozone(TCO)over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)is lower than that over other regions at the same latitude,particularly in *** feature is known as the“TP ozone valley”.This study evaluates long-term changes in TCO and the ozone valley over the TP from 1984 to 2100 using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6).The TP ozone valley consists of two low centers,one is located in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere(UTLS),and the other is in the middle and upper ***,the CMIP6 models simulate the low ozone center in the UTLS well and capture the spatial characteristics and seasonal cycle of the TP ozone valley,with spatial correlation coefficients between the modeled TCO and the Multi Sensor Reanalysis version 2(MSR2)TCO observations greater than 0.8 for all CMIP6 *** analysis reveals that models which use fully coupled and online stratospheric chemistry schemes simulate the anticorrelation between the 150 hPa geopotential height and zonal anomaly of TCO over the TP better than models without interactive chemistry *** suggests that coupled chemical-radiative-dynamical processes play a key role in the simulation of the TP ozone *** CMIP6 models underestimate the low center in the middle and upper stratosphere when compared with the Microwave Limb Sounder(MLS)***,the bias in the middle and upper stratospheric ozone simulations has a marginal effect on the simulation of the TP ozone *** CMIP6 models predict the TP ozone valley in summer will deepen in the future.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau stratospheric ozone ozone valley CMIP6

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Record Arctic Ozone Loss in Spring 2020 is Likely Caused by North Pacific Warm Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第10期38卷 1723-1736页

作者： Yan XIA Yongyun HU jiankai zhang Fei XIE Wenshou TIAN College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Record ozone loss was observed in the Arctic stratosphere in spring *** study aims to determine what caused the extreme Arctic ozone *** and simulation results are examined in order to show that the extreme Arctic ozone loss was likely caused by record-high sea surface temperatures(SSTs)in the North *** is found that the record Arctic ozone loss was associated with the extremely cold and persistent stratospheric polar vortex over February-April,and the extremely cold vortex was a result of anomalously weak planetary wave *** analysis reveals that the weak wave activity can be traced to anomalously warm SSTs in the North *** observations and simulations show that warm SST anomalies in the North Pacific could have caused the weakening of wavenumber-1 wave activity,colder Arctic vortex,and lower Arctic *** results suggest that for the present-day level of ozone-depleting substances,severe Arctic ozone loss could form again,as long as certain dynamic conditions are satisfied.

关键词： Arctic ozone loss stratospheric polar vortex sea surface temperature planetary-scale wave climate change

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The Impacts of Two Types of El Nińo on Global Ozone Variations in the Last Three Decades

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第5期31卷 1113-1126页

作者： XIE Fei LI Jianping TIAN Wenshou zhang jiankai SHU Jianchuan State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University Institute of Plateau Meteorology China Meteorological Administration

The effects of E1Nifio Modoki events on global ozone concentrations are investigated from 1980 to 2010 E1 Nifio Modoki events cause a stronger Brewer-Dobson （BD） circulation which can transports more ozone-poor air from the troposphere to stratosphere, leading to a decrease of ozone inthe lower-middle stratosphere from 90~S to 90~N. These changes in ozone concentrations reduce stratospheric column ozone. The reduction in stratospheric column ozone during E1 Nifio Modoki events is more pronounced over the tropical eastern Pacific than over other tropical areas because transport of ozone-poor air from middle-high latitudes in both hemispheres to low latitudes is the strongest between 60°W and 120°W. Because of the decrease in stratospheric column ozone during E1 Nifio Modoki events more UV radiation reaches the tropical troposphere leading to significant increases in tropospheric column ozone An empirical orthogonal function （EOF） analysis of the time series from 1980 to 2010 of stratospheric and tropospheric ozone monthly anomalies reveals that： E1 Nifio Modoki events are associated with the primary EOF modes of both time series. We also found that E1 Nifio Modoki events can affect global ozone more significantly than canonical E1 Nifio events. These results imply that E1 Nifio Modoki is a key contributor to variations in global ozone from 1980 to 2010.

关键词： stratospheric ozone tropospheric ozone canonical E1 Nifio E1 Nifio Modoki

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Role of Stratospheric Processes in Climate Change: Advances and Challenges

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第8期40卷 1379-1400页

作者： Wenshou TIAN Jinlong HUANG jiankai zhang Fei XIE Wuke WANG Yifeng PENG College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Systems Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Department of Atmospheric Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China Centre for Severe Weather and Climate and Hydro-Geological Hazards Wuhan 430078China

In this review,instead of summarizing all the advances and progress achieved in stratospheric research,the main advances and new developments in stratosphere-troposphere coupling and stratospheric chemistry-climate interactions are summarized,and some outstanding issues and grand challenges are discussed.A consensus has been reached that the stratospheric state is an important source of improving the predictability of the troposphere on sub-seasonal to seasonal(S2S)time scales and ***,applying stratospheric signals in operational S2S forecast models remains a challenge because of model deficiencies and the complexities of the underlying mechanisms of stratosphere-troposphere *** chemistry,which controls the magnitude and distribution of many important climate-forcing agents,plays a critical role in global climate *** evidence has been found that stratospheric ozone depletion and recovery have caused significant tropospheric climate changes,and more recent studies have revealed that stratospheric ozone variations can even exert an impact on SSTs and sea *** climatic impacts of stratospheric aerosols and water vapor are also *** their quantitative contributions to radiative forcing have been reasonably well quantified,there still exist large uncertainties in their long-term impacts on *** advances and new levels of understanding presented in this review suggest that whole-atmosphere interactions need to be considered in future for a better and more thorough understanding of stratosphere-troposphere coupling and its role in climate change.

关键词： stratosphere the stratosphere-troposphere coupling stratospheric chemistry-climate interactions stratospheric ozone

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Recent Changes in Precipitation Extremes in the Heihe River Basin,Northwest China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第10期32卷 1391-1406页

作者： CHENG Aifang FENG Qi Guobin FU zhang jiankai LI Zongxing HU Meng WANG Gang Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences CSIRO Land and Water Flagship School of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University Guangzhou Meteorological Satellite Ground Station

Changes in rainfall extremes pose a serious and additional threat to water resources planning and management, natural and artificial oasis stability, and sustainable development in the fragile ecosystems of arid inland river basins. In this study, the trend and temporal variation of extreme precipitation are analyzed using daily precipitation datasets at 11 stations over the arid inland Heihe River basin in Northwest China from 1960 to 2011. Eight indices of extreme precipitation are studied. The results show statistically significant and large-magnitude increasing and decreasing trends for most indices, primarily in the Qilian Mountains and eastern Hexi Corridor. More frequent and intense rainfall extremes have occurred in the southern part of the desert area than in the northern portion. In general, the temporal variation in precipitation extremes has changed throughout the basin. Wet day precipitation and heavy precipitation days show statistically significant linear increasing trends and step changes in the Qilian Mountains and Hexi Corridor. Consecutive dry days have decreased obviously in the region in most years after approximately the late 1980s, but meanwhile very long dry spells have increased, especially in the Hexi Corridor. The probability density function indicates that very long wet spells have increased in the Qilian Mountains. The East Asian summer monsoon index and western Pacific subtropical high intensity index possess strong and significant negative and positive correlations with rainfall extremes, respectively. Changes in land surface characteristics and the increase in water vapor in the wet season have also contributed to the changes in precipitation extremes over the river basin.

关键词： precipitation extremes atmospheric circulation Heihe River basin Northwest China

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Global trends of tropopause folds in recent decades

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2024年第3期17卷 14-19页

作者： Yufeng Lin Wenshou Tian Haiyang Xue Jiali Luo jiankai zhang Hongying Tian Wenjun Liang College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina School of Atmospheric Sciences Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhaiChina

对流层顶折卷是平流层-对流层物质交换的主要机制.本研究采用三维标记方法,利用1979-2020年间的ERA5再分析数据,分析了对流层顶折卷的时空变化特征及机理.研究结果表明,全球对流层顶折卷的多年变化趋势存在明显的季节性和区域性差异.总... 详细信息

对流层顶折卷是平流层-对流层物质交换的主要机制.本研究采用三维标记方法,利用1979-2020年间的ERA5再分析数据,分析了对流层顶折卷的时空变化特征及机理.研究结果表明,全球对流层顶折卷的多年变化趋势存在明显的季节性和区域性差异.总体上,对流层顶折卷呈增加趋势,其中北半球的春季,夏季和冬季,对流层顶折卷主要沿副热带急流区呈现明显增加的趋势.进一步分析表明,对流层顶折卷发生频率的增加与大气斜压性增大导致的锋生增强有关,而经向位温梯度的增大使得次级环流增强,也可能促进了对流层顶折卷活动的增多.

关键词：对流层顶折卷趋势锋生大气斜压性

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Advances in the Researches of the Middle and Upper Atmosphere in China in 2020-2022

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空间科学学报 2022年第4期42卷 684-711页

作者： CHEN Zeyu XU Jiyao CHEN Hongbin CHEN Wen REN Rongcai HU Xiong ZHU Yajun XUE Xianghui LU Gaopeng zhang Shaodong HUANG Kaiming TIAN Wenshou zhang jiankai HU Dingzhu RAO Jian HU Yongyun XIA Yan Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 School of Earth and Space Sciences University Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026 School of Electronic Information Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072 College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000 Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsHFIPSChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031 University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049

This report reviews the researches for the middle and upper atmosphere in 2020-2022 by Chinese *** report consists of five parts introducing primarily the results from the aspects of the development of infrastructure,the structure and composition,the climate and modeling,the dynamics for the middle and upper atmosphere,and Coupling between Stratosphere and Troposphere,respectively.

关键词： Middle and upper atmosphere Structure and composition Climate Dynamics

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The Impacts of two types of El Ni?o on the Global Ozone Variations in the last three decades

The Impacts of two types of El Ni?o on the Global Ozone Vari...

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第31届中国气象学会年会

作者： Fei Xie Jianping Li Wenshou Tian jiankai zhang Jianchuan Shu State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education College of Atmospheric SciencesLanzhou University Institute of Plateau Meteorology China Meteorological Administratin

The effects of El Nio Modoki events on global ozone concentrations are investigated from 1980 to *** Nio Modoki events cause a stronger Brewer–Dobson（BD）circulation which can transports more ozone-poor air from troposphere to stratosphere,leading to a decrease of ozone in the lower-middle stratosphere from 90°S to 90°*** changes in ozone concentrations reduce stratospheric column *** reduction in stratospheric column ozone during El Nio Modoki events is more pronounced over the tropical eastern Pacific than over other tropical areas because transport of ozone-poor air from middle–high latitudes in both hemispheres to low latitudes is the strongest between 60°W and 120°*** the decrease in stratospheric column ozone during El Nio Modoki events,more UV radiation reaches the tropical troposphere leading to significant increases in tropospheric column *** empirical orthogonal function（EOF）analysis of the time series from 1980 to 2010 of stratospheric and tropospheric ozone monthly anomalies reveals that:El Nio Modoki events are associated with the primary EOF modes of both time *** also found that El Nio Modoki events can more significantly affect the global ozone than canonical El Nio *** results imply that El Nio Modoki is a key contributor to variations in global ozone from 1980 to 2010.

关键词： stratospheric ozone stratospheric column ozone tropospheric ozone tropospheric column ozone canonical El Ni?o El Ni?o Modoki.

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