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风险冲击视角下革命老区农户生计韧性研究——以太行革命老区为例

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中国农村经济 2024年第3期 107-125页

作者：高帅程炜唐建军山西大学经济与管理学院中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院

提高革命老区农户生计韧性有利于巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果,促进革命老区振兴发展。本文基于2022年太行革命老区实地调查数据,构建“风险冲击-生计韧性-生计韧性提升策略”理论分析框架,在健康风险冲击、市场风险冲击和自然风险冲击视角下,... 详细信息

提高革命老区农户生计韧性有利于巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果,促进革命老区振兴发展。本文基于2022年太行革命老区实地调查数据,构建“风险冲击-生计韧性-生计韧性提升策略”理论分析框架,在健康风险冲击、市场风险冲击和自然风险冲击视角下,从缓冲能力、自组织能力和学习能力3个维度测度农户生计韧性,采用结构方程模型分析风险冲击对农户生计韧性的影响路径,并探讨提升农户生计韧性的策略。结果发现:第一,健康风险冲击对农户生计韧性影响程度最大,负向影响作用大小依次为缓冲能力、学习能力和自组织能力;第二,市场风险冲击通过影响缓冲能力、自组织能力和学习能力对农户生计韧性产生负向显著影响,三者影响作用水平相当;第三,自然风险冲击对农户生计韧性产生正向显著影响,农户在长期农业生产实践中易于形成对自然风险冲击的预期,且能够选择种植更适合当地气候的作物品种和更适宜的耕作方式,增强适应和应对能力,从而提高自身生计韧性。此外,通过不同群体农户生计韧性的异质性分析发现,在巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、全面推进乡村振兴过程中仍应进一步关注脱贫户和脱贫村农户的生计韧性。

关键词：农户生计生计韧性风险冲击革命老区

Effect of crystalline structure on terbuthylazine degradation by H_2O_2-assisted TiO_2 photocatalysis under visible irradiation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第5期31卷 153-160页

作者： jianjun tang Yiqing Chen Zijun Dong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Industrial Water Conservation and Municipal Wastewater Reclamation Technology Shenzhen Polytechnic

Various methods for shifting the optical response of TiO_2 into the visible(Vis) range have been reported. Herein, we reported the application of a TiO_2/H_2O_2/Vis process and the effects of TiO_2 crystalline structure on the degradation of terbuthylazine. The results indicated that TiO_2 crystalline structure and H_2O_2 addition had significant effects on terbuthylazine degradation: its degradation rate could be increased from 7% to 70% with H_2O_2 addition after 180 min of reaction, the synergistic degradation of terbuthylazine by TiO_(2-)Fe^(3+) was substantially accelerated, with the degradation rate reaching up to 100% after20 min of reaction, and rutile TiO_2 showed better photocatalytic activity and a more obvious synergistic effect than anatase TiO_2. The addition of free-radical scavengers(tert-butyl alcohol or methanol) inhibited the degradation efficiency of rutile TiO_2, but had a relatively minor effect on anatase TiO_2. Fluorescence spectrophotometry analysis indicated that hydroxyl free radicals could be continuously produced when using rutile TiO_2 as the photocatalyst. Degradation of terbuthylazine catalyzed by rutile TiO_2 occurred mainly in solution, but occurred on the particle surface of the photocatalyst when catalyzed by anatase TiO_2. This study provides new insight into the role of TiO_2 crystalline structure on the degradation of terbuthylazine and its photocatalytic degradation mechanism.

关键词： Visible-light photocatalysis Reaction pathway Hydroxyl free radical Hydrogen peroxide

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水稻品种间作对甲烷排放的影响

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版） 2024年第2期50卷 270-279页

作者：那好为刘瑛涵赵璐峰唐建军胡亮亮陈欣浙江大学生命科学学院浙江杭州310058

作物品种多样化种植是提高农业生态系统功能的有效措施,但不同品种混合种植能否影响温室气体排放仍然缺乏研究。本研究以水稻为例,通过原位盆栽试验,研究品种间隔种植(间作)对甲烷排放的影响。以甲烷高排放品种常农粳8号、皖稻153以及... 详细信息

作物品种多样化种植是提高农业生态系统功能的有效措施,但不同品种混合种植能否影响温室气体排放仍然缺乏研究。本研究以水稻为例,通过原位盆栽试验,研究品种间隔种植(间作)对甲烷排放的影响。以甲烷高排放品种常农粳8号、皖稻153以及甲烷低排放品种苏香粳100、Ⅱ优084为供试材料,设置8个处理,包括4个水稻品种单一种植(单作),即常农粳8号单作(记作CN)、皖稻153单作(WD)、苏香粳100单作(SX)、Ⅱ优084单作(ⅡY),以及2个甲烷高排放品种与2个甲烷低排放品种间作,即常农粳8号+Ⅱ优084间作(CN+ⅡY)、常农粳8号+苏香粳100间作(CN+SX)、皖稻153+Ⅱ优084间作(WD+ⅡY)、皖稻153+苏香粳100间作(WD+SX)。间作品种按1∶1的株数比例间隔种植。结果表明,4个间作处理均能显著增加或维持水稻产量。不同间作处理的甲烷排放通量存在显著差异,与期望值相比,CN+SX处理显著降低甲烷的排放,而CN+ⅡY、WD+ⅡY处理则显著增加甲烷排放。与甲烷高排放品种的单作处理相比,苏香粳100与2个甲烷高排放品种间作时均能显著降低生长季土壤产甲烷古菌mcrA基因平均丰度,但Ⅱ优084仅在与皖稻153间作时有显著作用。除CN+SX外,其余3个间作处理下生长季土壤甲烷氧化菌pmoA基因平均丰度均显著低于所对应的单作处理。本研究认为可以通过水稻品种间作在获得增产的同时降低甲烷排放,但品种间作组合需要仔细筛选。

关键词：水稻品种间作甲烷排放产甲烷古菌甲烷氧化菌水稻产量

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Accelerated life-time test of MEA durability under vehicle operating conditions in PEM fuel cell

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Frontiers in Energy 2017年第3期11卷 326-333页

作者： Tian TIAN jianjun tang Wei GUO Mu PAN State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Hubei Provincical Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China

In this paper, a novel accelerated test method was proposed to analyze the durability of MEA, considering the actual operation of the fuel cell vehicle. The proposed method includes 7 working conditions： open circuit voltage （OCV）, idling, rated output, overload, idling-rated cycle, idling-overload cycle, and OCV-idling cycle. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can effectively destroy the MEA in a short time （165 h）. Moreover, the degradation mechanism of MEA was analyzed by measuring the polarization curve, CV, SEM and TEM. This paper may provide a new research direction for improving the durability of fuel cell.

关键词： polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell accelerated life-time test load cycling test durability

Effects of metal lead on growth and mycorrhizae of an invasive plant species (Solidago canadensis L.)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第6期20卷 739-744页

作者： YANG Ruyi YU Guodong tang jianjun CHEN Xin College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China College of Environmental Sciences Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241003 China

It is less known whether and how soil metal lead （Pb） impacts the invasion of exotic plants. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of lead on the growth and mycorrhizae of an invasive species （Solidago canadensis L.） in a microcosm system. Each microcosm unit was separated into HOST and TEST compartments by a replaceable mesh screen that allowed arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungal hyphae rather than plant roots to grow into the TEST compartments. Three Pb levels （control, 300, and 600 mg/kg soil） were used in this study to simulate ambient soil and two pollution sites where S. canadensis grows. Mycorrhizal inoculum comprised five indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species （ Glomus mosseae, Glomus versiform, Glomus diaphanum, Glomus geosporum, and Glomus etunicatum）. The ^15N isotope tracer was used to quantify the mycorrhizally mediated nitrogen acquisition of plants. The results showed that S. canadensis was highly dependent on mycorrhizae. The Pb additions significantly decreased biomass and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization （root length colonized, RLC%） but did not affect spore numbers, N （including total N and ^15N） and P uptake. The facilitating efficiency of mycorrhizae on nutrient acquisition was promoted by Pb treatments. The Pb was mostly sequestered in belowground of plant （root and rhizome）. The results suggest that the high efficiency of mycorrhizae on nutrient uptake might give S. canadensis a great advantage over native species in Pb polluted soils.

关键词： Solidago canadensis L. metal lead mycorrhizae N and P uptake Pb accumulation

Plant species coexistence alleviates the impacts of lead on Zea mays L.

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第3期24卷 396-401页

作者： Ruyi Yang Ling Liu Shuting Zan jianjun tang Xin Chen College of Life Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Anhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241003China

Whether plant coexistence can reduce the impacts of lead （Pb） on crops in agroecosystems has not been well understood. We conducted a factorial experiment to investigate the effects of weeds coexisting with maize （Zea mays L.） on Pb accumulation in maize and soil microbes at two Pb levels （ambient and 300 mg/kg）. Elevated Pb tended to increase the Pb concentration in maize and decreased soil microbial activity （indicated by the average well color development, AWCD）, functional group diversity, as well as arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） colonization and vesicle number of maize. Compared to the monoculture, weeds coexisting with maize reduced the Pb concentrations in the root, leaf, sheath and stem of maize at both seedling and mature stages. In maize-weed mixtures, soil microbial activity and functional group diversity tended to increase for both Pb treatments relative to the monoculture. Furthermore, principal component analysis revealed that the soil microbial community structure changed with the introduction of weeds. The highest Pb accumulation in weeds occurred for the elevated Pb treatment in a three species mixture. The results suggest that multiple plant species coexistence could reduce lead accumulation in crop plants and alleviate the negative impacts on soil microbes in polluted land, thereby highlighting the significance of plant diversity in agroecosystems.

关键词： lead plant coexistence functional group diversity Zea mays L.

Plant coexistence can enhance phytoextraction of cadmium by tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in contaminated soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第3期23卷 453-460页

作者： Ling Liu Yuefang Li jianjun tang Liangliang Hu Xin Chen College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China College of Agriculture Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471003 China

A mesocosm experiment was conducted to investigate whether plant coexistence affects cadmium （Cd） uptake by plant in contaminated soil. Tobacco （Nicotiana tabacum L. var. K326） and Japanese clover （Kummerowia striata （Thunb.） Schindl.） were used. Cadmium was applied as ***2O in solution at three levels （0, 1, and 3 mg/kg soil） to simulate an unpolluted soil and soils that were slightly and moderately polluted with Cd. Tobacco （crop）, Japanese clover （non-crop）, and their combination were grown under each Cd treatment. Compared to monoculture and under all Cd treatments, co-planting with Japanese clover did not affect tobacco biomass but significantly increased Cd concentration in all tobacco tissues and enhanced Cd accumulation in tobacco shoots and roots. Compared to monoculture, co-planting reduced soil pH and increased Cd bioavailability. For tobacco, co-planting with Japanese clover increased the Cd bioconcentration factor （BCF） in Cd contaminated soil. Japanese clover also accumulated substantial quantities of Cd in shoots and roots. Thus, total Cd uptake by the plants was much greater with co-planting than with monoculture. The results suggested that phytoextraction can be effectively increased through tobacco co-planting with Japanese clover in mildly Cd-contaminated soil.

关键词： plant coexistence phytoextraction cadmium tobacco Japanese clover

新疆主要农作物秸秆资源综合利用现状及存在问题分析

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再生资源与循环经济 2024年第6期17卷 17-23页

作者：唐建君白玉兰汤灿朱莉萍新疆科技学院新疆库尔勒市841000

通过对2011—2020年新疆农作物进行播种面积、产量、秸秆产量进行分析得出:棉花、小麦、玉米的秸秆资源是新疆农作物总秸秆资源的主要部分。选取2011—2020年的棉花、小麦、玉米的秸秆资源数据进行计算和分析新疆秸秆资源量。通过深入... 详细信息

通过对2011—2020年新疆农作物进行播种面积、产量、秸秆产量进行分析得出:棉花、小麦、玉米的秸秆资源是新疆农作物总秸秆资源的主要部分。选取2011—2020年的棉花、小麦、玉米的秸秆资源数据进行计算和分析新疆秸秆资源量。通过深入分析秸秆运用还面临着一些现实问题:新疆的秸秆收集和存储体系还有待完善;综合利用成本高,目前新疆秸秆的收集、储存的机械化水平处于落后的阶段等,以此提出包括加强对秸秆综合利用的知识宣传;完善体系建设,开展试点工作;注重因地制宜,加强政策支持;完善标准制定,拓宽产业格局等意见和措施。

关键词：新疆秸秆资源综合利用

Review of the Tuned Mass Damper Inerter(TMDI)in Energy Harvesting and Vibration Control:Designs,Analysis and Applications

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第6期139卷 2361-2398页

作者： Xiaofang Kang Qiwen Huang Zongqin Wu jianjun tang Xueqin Jiang Shancheng Lei School of Civil Engineering Anhui Jianzhu UniversityHefei230601China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Underground Detection Technology Anhui Jianzhu UniversityHefei230601China Chengnan College Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha410015China

Tuned mass damper inerter(TMDI)is a device that couples traditional tuned mass dampers(TMD)with an inertial *** inertial device produces resistance proportional to the relative acceleration at its two ends through its“inertial”*** to its unique mechanical properties,TMDI has received widespread attention and application in the past twenty *** different configurations are required in different practical situations,TMDI is still active in the research on vibration control and energy harvesting in *** paper provides a comprehensive review of the research status of *** work first examines the generation and important vibration control characteristics of ***,the energy harvesting performance of electromagnetic tuned mass damper inerter(EM-TMDI)is *** work emphasizes the formation of a passive dynamic vibration absorber by coupling traditional TMD with inertial *** paper also summarizes the design and implementation of optimal vibration control and energy harvesting for ***,this paper details the applications of TMDI in the fields of bridges and building ***,this paper summarizes the necessity of research on tuned mass-damper-inertia,the challenges faced currently,and future research directions,such as control of parameters in electromagnetic energy harvesting TMDI systems and low-cost TMDI.

关键词： TMDI EM-TMDI energy harvesting vibration control inertial device