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CAS-ESM2.0 Successfully Reproduces Historical Atmospheric CO_(2) in a Coupled Carbon−Climate Simulation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第4期41卷 572-580页

作者： Jiawen ZHU Juanxiong HE Duoying JI Yangchun LI He ZHANG Minghua ZHANG Xiaodong ZENG Kece FEI jiangbo jin International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook UniversityNY 11790USA University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration has been increasing rapidly since the Industrial Revolution,which has led to unequivocal global warming and crucial environmental change.It is extremely important to investigate the interactions among atmospheric CO_(2),the physical climate system,and the carbon cycle of the underlying surface for a better understanding of the Earth system.Earth system models are widely used to investigate these interactions via coupled carbon-climate simulations.The Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth System Model version 2(CAS-ESM2.0)has successfully fixed a two-way coupling of atmospheric CO_(2)with the climate and carbon cycle on land and in the ocean.Using CAS-ESM2.0,we conducted a coupled carbon-climate simulation by following the CMIP6 proposal of a historical emissions-driven experiment.This paper examines the modeled CO_(2)by comparison with observed CO_(2)at the sites of Mauna Loa and Barrow,and the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite(GOSAT)CO_(2)product.The results showed that CAS-ESM2.0 agrees very well with observations in reproducing the increasing trend of annual CO_(2)during the period 1850-2014,and in capturing the seasonal cycle of CO_(2)at the two baseline sites,as well as over northern high latitudes.These agreements illustrate a good ability of CAS-ESM2.0 in simulating carbon-climate interactions,even though uncertainties remain in the processes involved.This paper reports an important stage of the development of CAS-ESM with the coupling of carbon and climate,which will provide significant scientific support for climate research and China’s goal of carbon neutrality.

关键词： CAS-ESM atmospheric CO_(2) coupled carbon-climate simulation emissions-driven CMIP6 experiment

CAS-ESM2.0 Dataset for the Carbon Dioxide Removal Model Intercomparison Project(CDRMIP)

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第5期41卷 989-1000页

作者： jiangbo jin Duoying JI Xiao DONG Kece FEI Run GUO Juanxiong HE Yi YU Zhaoyang CHAI He ZHANG Dongling ZHANG Kangjun CHEN Qingcun ZENG International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology College of Global Change and Earth System ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Understanding the response of the Earth system to varying concentrations of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is critical for projecting possible future climate change and for providing insight into mitigation and adaptation strategies in the near future.In this study,we generate a dataset by conducting an experiment involving carbon dioxide removal(CDR)—a potential way to suppress global warming—using the Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth System Model version 2.0(CASESM2.0).A preliminary evaluation is provided.The model is integrated from 200–340 years as a 1%yr^(−1) CO_(2) concentration increase experiment,and then to~478 years as a carbon dioxide removal experiment until CO_(2) returns to its original value.Finally,another 80 years is integrated in which CO_(2) is kept constant.Changes in the 2-m temperature,precipitation,sea surface temperature,ocean temperature,Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC),and sea surface height are all analyzed.In the ramp-up period,the global mean 2-m temperature and precipitation both increase while the AMOC weakens.Values of all the above variables change in the opposite direction in the ramp-down period,with a delayed peak relative to the CO_(2) peak.After CO_(2) returns to its original value,the global mean 2-m temperature is still~1 K higher than in the original state,and precipitation is~0.07 mm d^(–1) higher.At the end of the simulation,there is a~0.5°C increase in ocean temperature and a 1 Sv weakening of the AMOC.Our model simulation produces similar results to those of comparable experiments previously reported in the literature.

关键词： CAS-ESM2.0 CDRMIP carbon dioxide removal AMOC temperature precipitation sea surface height

Ocean Response to a Climate Change Heat-Flux Perturbation in an Ocean Model and Its Corresponding Coupled Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第1期39卷 55-66页

作者： jiangbo jin Xiao DONG Juanxiong HE Yi YU Hailong LIU Minghua ZHANG Qingcun ZENG He ZHANG Xin GAO Guangqing ZHOU Yaqi WANG International Center for climate and Environment Sciences(ICCES) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkNY 11790USA

State-of-the-art coupled general circulation models(CGCMs)are used to predict ocean heat uptake(OHU)and sealevel change under global warming.However,the projections of different models vary,resulting in high uncertainty.Much of the inter-model spread is driven by responses to surface heat perturbations.This study mainly focuses on the response of the ocean to a surface heat flux perturbation F,as prescribed by the Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project(FAFMIP).The results of ocean model were compared with those of a CGCM with the same ocean component.On the global scale,the changes in global mean temperature,ocean heat content(OHC),and steric sea level(SSL)simulated in the OGCM are generally consistent with CGCM simulations.Differences in changes in ocean temperature,OHC,and SSL between the two models primarily occur in the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans(AA)and the Southern Ocean(SO)basins.In addition to the differences in surface heat flux anomalies between the two models,differences in heat exchange between basins also play an important role in the inconsistencies in ocean climate changes in the AA and SO basins.These discrepancies are largely due to both the larger initial value and the greater weakening change of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC)in CGCM.The greater weakening of the AMOC in the CGCM is associated with the atmosphere–ocean feedback and the lack of a restoring salinity boundary condition.Furthermore,differences in surface salinity boundary conditions between the two models contribute to discrepancies in SSL changes.

关键词： ocean heat uptake Atlantic meridional overturning circulation ocean general circulation model coupled general circulation model

Trends of sea surface temperature and sea surface temperature fronts in the South China Sea during 2003–2017

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第4期38卷 106-115页

作者： Yi Yu Hao-Ran Zhang jiangbo jin Yuntao Wang State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural Resources College of Oceanography Hohai University International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

The trends of the sea surface temperature(SST) and SST fronts in the South China Sea(SCS) are analyzed during2003–2017 using high-resolution satellite data. The linear trend of the basin averaged SST is 0.31°C per decade,with the strongest warming identified in southeastern Vietnam. Although the rate of warming is comparable in summer and winter for the entire basin, the corresponding spatial patterns of the linear trend are substantially different between them. The SST trend to the west of the Luzon Strait is characterized by rapid warming in summer, exceeding approximately 0.6°C per decade, but the trend is insignificant in winter. The strongest warming trend occurs in the southeast of Vietnam in winter, with much less pronounced warming in summer. A positive trend of SST fronts is identified for the coast of China and is associated with increasing wind stress. The increasing trend of SST fronts is also found in the east of Vietnam. Large-scale circulation, such as El Ni?o, can influence the trends of the SST and SST fronts. A significant correlation is found between the SST anomaly and Ni?o3.4 index, and the ENSO signal leads by eight months. The basin averaged SST linear trends increase after the El Ni?o event(2009–2010), which is, at least, due to the rapid warming rate causing by the enhanced northeasterly wind. Peaks of positive anomalous SST and negatively anomalous SST fronts are found to co-occur with the strong El Ni?o events.

关键词： South China Sea sea surface temperature sea surface temperature fronts warming trend wind stress

Enhancement of the polynomial functions response surface model for real-time analyzing ozone sensitivity

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第2期15卷 155-168页

作者： jiangbo jin Yun Zhu Jicheng Jang Shuxiao Wang Jia Xing Pen-Chi Chiang Shaojia Fan Shicheng Long Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control College of Environment and EnergySouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou Higher Education Mega CenterGuangzhou 510006China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering Taiwan UniversityTaipei 10673China Carbon Cycle Research Center Taiwan UniversityTaipei 10672China

Quantification of the nonlinearities between ambient ozone(O3)and the emissions of nitrogen oxides(NOx)and volatile organic compound(VOC)is a prerequisite for an effective O3 control strategy.An Enhanced polynomial functions Response Surface Model(Epf-RSM)with the capability to analyze O3-NOx-VOC sensitivities in real time was developed by integrating the hill-climbing adaptive method into the optimized Extended Response Surface Model(ERSM)system.The Epf-RSM could single out the best suited polynomial function for each grid cell to quantify the responses of O3 concentrations to precursor emission changes.Several comparisons between Epf-RSM and pf-ERSM(polynomial functions based ERSM)were performed using out-of-sample validation,together with comparisons of the spatial distribution and the Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach diagrams.The comparison results showed that Epf-RSM effectively addressed the drawbacks of pf-ERSM with respect to overfitting in the margin areas and high biases in the transition areas.The O3 concentrations predicted by Epf-RSM agreed well with Community Multi-scale Air Quality simulation results.The case study results in the Pearl River Delta and the north-western area of the Shandong province indicated that the O3 formations in the central areas of both the regions were more sensitive to anthropogenic VOC in January,April,and October,while more NOx-sensitive in July.

关键词： Response surface model Hill-climbing algorithm Ozone pollution Precursor emissions Control strategy

CAS-ESM2.0 Model Datasets for the CMIP6 Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project (FAFMIP)

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第2期38卷 296-306页

作者： jiangbo jin He ZHANG Xiao DONG Hailong LIU Minghua ZHANG Xin GAO Juanxiong HE Zhaoyang CHAI Qingcun ZENG Guangqing ZHOU Zhaohui LIN Yi YU Pengfei LIN Ruxu LIAN Yongqiang YU Mirong SONG Dongling ZHANG International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The second version of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth System Model(CAS-ESM2.0)is participating in the Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project(FAFMIP)experiments in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6).The purpose of FAFMIP is to understand and reduce the uncertainty of ocean climate changes in response to increased CO2 forcing in atmosphere-ocean general circulation models(AOGCMs),including the simulations of ocean heat content(OHC)change,ocean circulation change,and sea level rise due to thermal expansion.FAFMIP experiments(including faf-heat,faf-stress,faf-water,faf-all,faf-passiveheat,faf-heat-NA50pct and faf-heat-NA0pct)have been conducted.All of the experiments were integrated over a 70-year period and the corresponding data have been uploaded to the Earth System Grid Federation data server for CMIP6 users to download.This paper describes the experimental design and model datasets and evaluates the preliminary results of CAS-ESM2.0 simulations of ocean climate changes in the FAFMIP experiments.The simulations of the changes in global ocean temperature,Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC),OHC,and dynamic sea level(DSL),are all reasonably reproduced.

关键词： CAS-ESM2.0 CMIP6 FAFMIP AMOC ocean heat uptake dynamic sea level change

FGOALS-g3 Model Datasets for CMIP6 Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第10期37卷 1093-1101页

作者： Yaqi WANG Zipeng YU Pengfei LIN Hailong LIU jiangbo jin Lijuan LI Yanli TANG Li DONG Kangjun CHEN Yiwen LI Qian YANG Mengrong DING Yao MENG Bowen ZHAO Jilin WEI jinfeng MA and Zhikuo SUN State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Nature Disaster StudiesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

The Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project(FAFMIP)is an endorsed Model Intercomparison Project in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6).The goal of FAFMIP is to investigate the spread in the atmosphere–ocean general circulation model projections of ocean climate change forced by increased CO2,including the uncertainties in the simulations of ocean heat uptake,global mean sea level rise due to ocean thermal expansion and dynamic sea level change due to ocean circulation and density changes.The FAFMIP experiments have already been conducted with the Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System Model,gridpoint version 3.0(FGOALS-g3).The model datasets have been submitted to the Earth System Grid Federation(ESGF)node.Here,the details of the experiments,the output variables and some baseline results are presented.Compared with the preliminary results of other models,the evolutions of global mean variables can be reproduced well by FGOALS-g3.The simulations of spatial patterns are also consistent with those of other models in most regions except the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean,indicating large uncertainties in the regional sea level projections of these two regions.

关键词： FAFMIP CMIP6 global mean sea level rise dynamic sea level change

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中高层大气环流模式的初步评估与敏感性分析

Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2021年第2期14卷 35-41页

作者： Zhaoyang Chai Minghua Zhang Qingcun Zeng He Zhang jiangbo jin jinbo Xie Ting You International Center for Clinate and Eirvironment Scences Irstute of Atmospheric PhysiecsChinese Academy of SsclencesBeling China College of Earth anrd Planetary Science Uintiversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Marire and Atmospheric Scierces State University of New York at Stony BrookNYUSA State Key Laboratory of Nunerical Modeling for Atmospherie Seciences and Geophysical Fuid Dynanics Inte of Atmosphere PhysicsChinese hcademy of ScienceBeijingChina Center for Monsoon Systen Research Instinute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing China

提高大气环流模式的模式顶层高度对中高层大气(如平流层准两年振荡)的准确模拟至关重要.本研究将IAP大气环流模型(IAP-AGCM)延伸至中层大气顶(~0.01 hPa,~80 km)并提高垂直方向分辨率(91层),发展了一个中高层大气环流模型(IAP-AGCML91)... 详细信息

提高大气环流模式的模式顶层高度对中高层大气(如平流层准两年振荡)的准确模拟至关重要.本研究将IAP大气环流模型(IAP-AGCM)延伸至中层大气顶(~0.01 hPa,~80 km)并提高垂直方向分辨率(91层),发展了一个中高层大气环流模型(IAP-AGCML91).结果表明,与低层模式相比,该中高层大气模式在整体上显著减小了平流层尤其是上平流层的冷偏差.研究发现这种改善与两种机制有关:与低层模式相比,高层模式模拟的短波加热更大,极区平流层附近的经向涡动热通量更大.上述结果表明,垂直分辨率和模式顶层高度对IAP-AGCML91的气候模拟有重要影响.

关键词： IAP-AGCM 中层大气平流层辐射加热瞬变涡动热通量

CAS-ESM2.0 Model Datasets for the CMIP6 Ocean Model Intercomparison Project Phase 1 (OMIP1)

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第2期38卷 307-316页

作者： Xiao DONG jiangbo jin Hailong LIU He ZHANG Minghua ZHANG Pengfei LIN Qingcun ZENG Guangqing ZHOU Yongqiang YU Mirong SONG Zhaohui LIN Ruxu LIAN Xin GAO Juanxiong HE Dongling ZHANG Kangjun CHEN International Center for climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

As a member of the Chinese modeling groups,the coupled ocean-ice component of the Chinese Academy of Sciences’Earth System Model,version 2.0(CAS-ESM2.0),is taking part in the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project Phase 1(OMIP1)experiment of phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6).The simulation was conducted,and monthly outputs have been published on the ESGF(Earth System Grid Federation)data server.In this paper,the experimental dataset is introduced,and the preliminary performances of the ocean model in simulating the global ocean temperature,salinity,sea surface temperature,sea surface salinity,sea surface height,sea ice,and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC)are evaluated.The results show that the model is at quasi-equilibrium during the integration of 372 years,and performances of the model are reasonable compared with observations.This dataset is ready to be downloaded and used by the community in related research,e.g.,multi-ocean-sea-ice model performance evaluation and interannual variation in oceans driven by prescribed atmospheric forcing.

关键词： OGCM CMIP6 OMIP1 AMOC ocean temperature/salinity sea ice