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Neuromorphic circuits based on memristors: endowing robots with a human-like brain

Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第6期45卷 47-63页

作者： Xuemei Wang Fan Yang Qing Liu Zien Zhang Zhixing Wen jiangang chen Qirui Zhang cheng Wang Ge Wang Fucai Liu School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China Yangtze Delta Region Institute(Huzhou) University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaHuzhou 313099China

Robots are widely used,providing significant convenience in daily life and production.With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and neuromorphic computing in recent years,the realization of more intelligent robots through a pro-found intersection of neuroscience and robotics has received much attention.Neuromorphic circuits based on memristors used to construct hardware neural networks have proved to be a promising solution of shattering traditional control limita-tions in the field of robot control,showcasing characteristics that enhance robot intelligence,speed,and energy efficiency.Start-ing with introducing the working mechanism of memristors and peripheral circuit design,this review gives a comprehensive analysis on the biomimetic information processing and biomimetic driving operations achieved through the utilization of neuro-morphic circuits in brain-like control.Four hardware neural network approaches,including digital-analog hybrid circuit design,novel device structure design,multi-regulation mechanism,and crossbar array,are summarized,which can well simulate the motor decision-making mechanism,multi-information integration and parallel control of brain at the hardware level.It will be definitely conductive to promote the application of memristor-based neuromorphic circuits in areas such as intelligent robotics,artificial intelligence,and neural computing.Finally,a conclusion and future prospects are discussed.

关键词： neuromorphic devices neuromorphic circuits hardware networks memristors humanlike robots

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ARGA-Unet:Advanced U-net segmentation model using residual grouped convolution and attention mechanism for brain tumor MRI image segmentation

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虚拟现实与智能硬件（中英文） 2024年第3期6卷 203-216页

作者： Siyi XUN Yan ZHANG Sixu DUAN Mingwei WANG jiangang chen Tong TONG Qinquan GAO Chantong LAM Menghan HU Tao TAN Faculty of Applied Sciences Macao Polytechnic UniversityMacao 999078China Jinan Branch of China Telecom Co.Ltd. Jinan 250000China School of Physics and Electronics Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250000China Department of Dardiovascular Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 310000China Clinical School of Medicine Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 310000China Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Hangzhou 310000China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing Shanghai 200000China School of Communication&Electronic Engineering East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200000China Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation Ministry of EducationShanghai 200000China College of Physics and Information Engineering Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350000China

Background Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has played an important role in the rapid growth of medical imaging diagnostic technology,especially in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors owing to its non invasive characteristics and superior soft tissue contrast.However,brain tumors are characterized by high non uniformity and non-obvious boundaries in MRI images because of their invasive and highly heterogeneous nature.In addition,the labeling of tumor areas is time-consuming and laborious.Methods To address these issues,this study uses a residual grouped convolution module,convolutional block attention module,and bilinear interpolation upsampling method to improve the classical segmentation network U-net.The influence of network normalization,loss function,and network depth on segmentation performance is further considered.Results In the experiments,the Dice score of the proposed segmentation model reached 97.581%,which is 12.438%higher than that of traditional U-net,demonstrating the effective segmentation of MRI brain tumor images.Conclusions In conclusion,we use the improved U-net network to achieve a good segmentation effect of brain tumor MRI images.

关键词： Brain tumor MRI U-net Segmentation Attention mechanism Deep learning

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Intelligent diagnosis of atrial septal defect in children using echocardiography with deep learning

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虚拟现实与智能硬件（中英文） 2024年第3期6卷 217-225页

作者： Yiman LIU Size HOU Xiaoxiang HAN Tongtong LIANG Menghan HU Xin WANG Wei GU Yuqi ZHANG Qingli LI jiangang chen Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing School of Communication&Electronic EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Pediatric Cardiology Shanghai Children's Medical CenterSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Applied Mathematics Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySchool of ScienceSuzhouChina School of Health Sciences and Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina Minhang District Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ShanghaiChina Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation Ministry of EducationShanghai 201203China

Background Atrial septal defect(ASD)is one of the most common congenital heart diseases.The diagnosis of ASD via transthoracic echocardiography is subjective and time-consuming.Methods The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of automatic detection of ASD in children based on color Doppler echocardiographic static images using end-to-end convolutional neural networks.The proposed depthwise separable convolution model identifies ASDs with static color Doppler images in a standard view.Among the standard views,we selected two echocardiographic views,i.e.,the subcostal sagittal view of the atrium septum and the low parasternal four-chamber view.The developed ASD detection system was validated using a training set consisting of 396 echocardiographic images corresponding to 198 cases.Additionally,an independent test dataset of 112 images corresponding to 56 cases was used,including 101 cases with ASDs and 153 cases with normal hearts.Results The average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,recall,precision,specificity,F1-score,and accuracy of the proposed ASD detection model were 91.99,80.00,82.22,87.50,79.57,and 83.04,respectively.Conclusions The proposed model can accurately and automatically identify ASD,providing a strong foundation for the intelligent diagnosis of congenital heart diseases.

关键词： Deep learning Atrial septal defect Echocardiography

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Investigation and analysis of vascular plant resources and diversity in Wuyi Mountain,Fujian Province

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Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines 2024年第1期19卷 26-33页

作者： Peiying chen Ruru Xiong Jun Yuan Minglong Huang Zhuo Tao Bowen Zhang Fanglin Luo Lisha Liu Qian Wang You Zhou Haofan Zhang Zijie Wei Jie Yang jiangang chen Kui Wu Anhua Wang Jingming Jia School of Pharmaceutical Engineering Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang 110016China Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang 110016China School of Medical Devices Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang 110016China School of Pharmacy Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang 110016China College of business administration Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang 110016China School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang 110016China

Wuyi Mountain,located in the north of Fujian Province,China,is renowned for its abundant medicinal plant resources.In July 2014,the 8th(second team)of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University’s Chinese Medicine Resources Scientific Expedition Team conducted field investigation in the area.Through specimen collection and extensive literature review,the team identified and analyzed 223 vascular plant species from 175 genera and 85 families.The most dominant families were Compositae and Rosaceae,and perennial herbs were the predominant species,accounting for 44.39%of the total species identified.Notably,we documented five precious and rare medicinal plants unique to Wuyi Mountain.This study updates the database of plant resources and diversity in the region,providing a valuable reference for future studies.Finally,we put forward some suggestions to enhance the conservation and sustainable utilization of Wuyi Mountain’s plant resources.

关键词： plant resources biodiversity medicinal protection and utilization resource survey Fujian Province

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Pollutant reduction effectiveness of low-impact development drainage system in a campus

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第4期11卷 113-120页

作者： Shuhan Zhang Yingying Meng Jiao Pan jiangang chen Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute Chegongzhuang West Road 21 Haidian District Beijing 100048 China

Building a rainwater system based on the idea of low-impact development （LID） is an important aspect of the current ＂sponge city＂ construction in China. The ＂sponge city＂ concept emphasizes that the runoff can permeate the soil or be stored temporarily, and rainwater could be used again when it is needed. Beijing is one of the earliest cities to study rainwater harvesting and LID techniques in China.Through long-terua monitoring of rainfall, runoff flow, and water quality of a campus demonstration project in Beijing, the runoff quantity and pollutant concentration variations have been analyzed. Furthermore, the runoffreduction effects of single LID measure, such as green roof, filtration chamber, and permeable pavement, have been investigated. Additionally, the overall reduction effectiveness of the LID system on the average annual rainfall runoff and pollution load has been discussed.

关键词： Low-impact development Rainwater harvesting Non-point-source pollution reduction Campus

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Sea-urchin-like ReS_(2) nanosheets with charge edge-collection effect as a novel cocatalyst for high-efficiency photocatalytic H_(2) evolution

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第2期33卷 943-947页

作者： Bo Lin Bowen Ma jiangang chen Yao Zhou Jiadong Zhou Xiaoqing Yan Chao Xue Xiao Luo Qing Liu Jinyong Wang Renji Bian Guidong Yang Fucai Liu School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore Key Lab of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement(Ministry of Education) Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics&Ultraﬁne Optoelectronic Systemsand School of PhysicsBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China XJTU-Oxford International Joint Laboratory for Catalysis School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon and Environmental Materials(CDLCEM) School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

The recombination of charge carriers arriving from the random charge movement in semiconductor pho-tocatalysts greatly limits the practical application of solar-driven H_(2)evolution.The design of photo-catalytic systems with spatially oriented charge-transfer is a promising route to achieve high charge-separation efficiency for photocatalysts.Herein,novel sea-urchin-like Re S_(2)nanosheet/TiO_(2)nanoparticle heterojunctions(SURTHs)are constructed.The unique sea-urchin-like structure endows the ReS_(2)cocat-alyst with an unusual charge edge-collection effect,which leads to a significant acceleration of charge separation and transfer,as evidenced by the well-designed selective photodeposition of Pt quantum dots in SURTHs.The markedly improved charge transfer capacity contributes to a high photocatalytic H_(2)evo-lution rate of 3.71 mmol h^(−1)g^(−1)for SURTHs(an apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)of 16.09%),up to 231.9 times by contrast with that of P25 TiO_(2).This work would provide a new platform for designing the high-efficiency cocatalyst/photocatalyst system with excellent charge transfer capacity.

关键词： Sea-urchin-like ReS_(2)nanosheets Charge edge-collection effect 2D planar edges/tips Charge transfer Photocatalytic H_(2)evolution

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高效MFe_(2)O_(4)(M=Zn、Mg、Cu和Mn)尖晶石催化剂应用于费托合成

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燃料化学学报（中英文） 2024年第5期52卷 667-676页

作者：王超陈建刚朱华青张文绍白洪彬张娟中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所、煤炭高效低碳利用全国重点实验室山西太原030001 中国科学院大学北京100049 河南中托力合化学有限公司河南洛阳471002 北京三聚环保新材料股份有限公司北京100049

一系列尖晶石催化剂,包括ZnFe_(2)O_(4)、MgFe_(2)O_(4)、CuFe_(2)O_(4)和MnFe_(2)O_(4)被用于费托合成反应(Fischer-Tropsch synthesis,FTS)。Zn、Mg、Cu和Mn很容易与Fe形成尖晶石。其中,在前处理和反应过程中,Zn和Mg能够显著维持尖晶石结构,使得CO转化率较低。在反应过程中,Cu和Mn有利于碳化铁的生成,导致CuFe_(2)O_(4)和MnFe_(2)O_(4)对FTS性能影响显著。C_(2)^(=)-C_(4)^(=)ZnFe_(2)O_(4)对烃分布和C_(2)−C_(4)烯/烷比影响很小。MgFe_(2)O_(4)的C_(5+)选择性较低,同时由于Mg的碱性作用,从而提高了选择性和C_(2)−C_(4)烯/烷比。Cu可以促进催化剂的碳化,从而使CuFe_(2)O_(4)具有较高的活性。同时,CuFe_(2)O_(4)可以显著提高C_(5+)选C_(2)^(=)-C_(4)^(=)择性。此外,Cu可以促进H_(2)的解离和活化,从而有利于烯烃的二次加氢,降低选择性和C_(2)−C_(4)烯/烷比。虽然Mn在反应过程中会促进催化剂的碳化,但MnFe_(2)O_(4)对碳链的长短影响很小。然而,Mn能促进少量ε-Fe_(2)C的生成,这是导C_(2)^(=)-C_(4)^(=)致MnFe_(2)O_(4)具有较高选择性和C_(2)−C_(4)烯/烷比的原因。同时,所有尖晶石催化剂都具有较低的二氧化碳选择性,符合当前的绿色环保发展要求。

关键词：费托合成尖晶石物相结构 C_(2)-C_(4)烯/烷比

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Purification Influence of Synthesis Gas Derived from Methanol Cracking on the Performance of Cobalt Catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2005年第4期14卷 193-198页

作者： Wei Zhou Shengying Liu Yulan Wang Kegong Fang jiangang chen Yuhan Sun State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

Synthesis gas derived from methanol cracking （SGMC） was applied as simulating feedstock of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis （FTS） in laboratory. With MS and GC detector, a trifle of sulfur compounds, a small amount of oxygenates including H2O, CH3OH, DME and CO2 as well as a few of low carbon alkanes were found in the SGMC. After purification, the sulfur compounds, H2O, CH3OH and DME could be eliminated efficiently from the SGMC while CO2 and the low carbon alkanes were partly removed. When the unpurified SGMC, the desufurized SGMC and the totally purified SGMC were sequentially applied in cobalt-based FTS, the catalytic performance of Co/ZrO2/SiO2 catalyst was gradually improved corresponding to the degree of purification. The untreated SGMC led to the serious deactivation of the cobalt catalyst, the partially treated SGMC slowed down the deactivation rate and the totally purified SGMC resulted in little deactivation of the catalyst, which was similar to what the pure synthesis gas （the mixture of pure H2 and CO） did. The results indicated that the SGMC should be purified and the purification course used in this paper was effective for the SGMC. Furthermore, the totally purified SGMC could substitute for the pure synthesis gas in cobalt FTS.

关键词： Fischer-Tropsch synthesis synthesis gas methanol cracking purification

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气相色谱内标法对糟烧白酒中甲醇含量的检测与应用

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酿酒 2024年第2期51卷 127-129页

作者：陈坚刚孙佳明会稽山绍兴酒股份有限公司浙江绍兴312000

建立气相色谱内标法,检测糟烧白酒中的甲醇含量,此方法精确度、灵敏度、回收率均良好;对半成品和成品糟烧白酒中的甲醇含量作了比较,发现半成品糟烧白酒中甲醇含量较高,需作进一步的抽样检测,以指导生产,改良工艺。

关键词：气相色谱内标法糟烧白酒甲醇含量指导生产

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Mapping and validation of a dominant salt tolerance gene in the cultivated soybean(Glycine max) variety Tiefeng 8

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The Crop Journal 2014年第6期2卷 358-365页

作者： Rongxia Guan jiangang chen Jinghan Jiang Guangyu Liu Ying Liu Lei Tian Lili Yu Ruzhen Chang Li-juan Qiu The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI) Key Laboratory of Germplasm & Biotechnology (MOA)Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Salt is an abiotic stress factor that strongly affects soybean growth and production. A single dominant gene has been shown to confer salt tolerance in the soybean cultivar Tiefeng 8.The objective of the present study was to genetically map the salt-tolerance gene in an F2:3population and a recombinant inbred line(RIL) population derived from a cross between two cultivated soybeans, Tiefeng 8(tolerant) and 85-140(sensitive). The F2:3families and RILs were treated with 200 mmol L-1Na Cl to evaluate salt tolerance. The F2:3population showed 1(42 tolerant): 2(132 segregating): 1(65 sensitive) segregation, indicating a single dominant gene for salt tolerance in Tiefeng 8. A sequence-characterized amplified region(SCAR) marker from a previously identified random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)marker and four insertion/deletion polymorphism(In Del) markers were developed within the mapping region. Using these markers along with SSR markers, the salt-tolerance gene was mapped within 209 kb flanked by SCAR marker QS08064 and SSR marker Barcsoyssr_3_1301 on chromosome 3. Three markers that cosegregated with the salt tolerance gene and SCAR marker QS08064 were used to genotype 35 tolerant and 23 sensitive soybean accessions. These markers showed selection efficiencies of 76.2% to94.2%. The results indicate that these markers will be useful for marker-assisted breeding and facilitating map-based cloning of the salt tolerance gene in soybean.

关键词： Salt tolerance Gene mapping Soybean Glycine max

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