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Two-Stream Approximation to the Radiative Transf.r Equation:A New Improvement and Comparative Accuracy with Existing Methods

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 278-292页

作者： f.Momo TEMGOUA l.Akana NGUIMDO DNJOMO Environmental.Energy Technol.gies l.boratory(EETl. Faculty of SciencesUniversity of YaoundéPO Box 812 YaoundéCameroon Department of.El.ctrical.and El.ctronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of BueaPO Box 63 BueaCameroon

Mathematical.model.ng of.the interaction between sol.r radiation and the Earth's atmosphere is f.rmal.zed by the radiative transf.r equation(RTE), whose resol.tion cal.s f.r two-stream approximations among other methods. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of.the RTE with the devel.pment of.the phase f.nction and the intensity into a third-order series of.l.gendre pol.nomial.. This new approach, which adds one more term in the expression of.the intensity and the phase f.nction, al.ows in the conditions of.a pl.ne paral.el.atmosphere a new mathematical.f.rmul.tion of.γparameters. It is then compared to the Eddington, Hemispheric Constant, Quadrature, Combined Del.a f.nction and Modif.ed Eddington, and second-order approximation methods with ref.rence to the Discrete Ordinate(Disort) method(δ –128 streams), considered as the most precise. This work al.o determines the conversion f.nction of.the proposed New Method using the f.ndamental.def.nition of.two-stream approximation(f.TSA) devel.ped in a previous work. Notabl.,New Method has general.y better precision compared to the second-order approximation and Hemispheric Constant methods. Compared to the Quadrature and Eddington methods, New Method shows very good precision f.r wide domains of.the zenith angl. μ 0, but tends to deviate f.om the Disort method with the zenith angl., especial.y f.r high val.es of.optical.thickness. In spite of.this divergence in ref.ectance f.r high val.es of.optical.thickness, very strong correl.tion with the Disort method(R ≈ 1) was obtained f.r most cases of.optical.thickness in this study. An anal.sis of.the l.gendre pol.nomial.series f.r simpl. f.nctions shows that the high precision is due to the f.ct that the approximated f.nctions amel.orate the accuracy when the order of.approximation increases, al.hough it has been proven that there is a l.mit order depending on the f.nction f.om which the precision is l.st. This observation indicates that increasing the order of.app

关键词： Radiative Transf.r Equation two-stream method l.gendre pol.nomial optical.thickness moments of.specif.c intensity conversion f.nction transmittance ref.ectance

Scal.bl. Jet-Based f.brication of.PEI-Hydrogel.Particl.s f.r CO2 Capture

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ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAl.MATERIAl. 2024年第6期7卷 351-358页

作者： jiang, Jieke van Daatsel.ar, El.ne Wijnja, Hyl.e de Koning Gans, Tessa Schel.evis, Michel.Venner, Cornel.s H. Bril.an, Derk W. f. Visser, Cl.as Wil.em Univ Twente Fac Engn Technol Dept Thermal & Fluid Engn Engn Fluid Dynam Grp NL-7500 AE Enschede Netherlands Univ Twente Fac Sci & Technol Sustainable Proc Technol NL-7500 AE Enschede Netherlands

The capture, regeneration, and conversion of.CO2 f.om ambient air and f.ue gas streams are critical.aspects of.mitigating gl.bal.warming. Sol.d sorbents f.r CO2 absorption are very promising as they have high mass transf.r areas without energy input and reduce emissions and minimize corrosion as compared to l.quid sorbents. However, precisel. tunabl. sol.d CO2 sorbents are dif.icul. to produce. Here, we demonstrate the high-throughput production of.hydrogel.based CO2-absorbing particl.s via l.quid jetting. By wrapping a l.quid jet consisting of.an aqueous sol.tion of.cross-l.nkabl. branched pol.ethyl.nimine (PEI) with a l.yer of.suspension containing hydrophobic sil.ca nanoparticl.s, monodisperse dropl.ts with a sil.ca nanoparticl. coating l.yer was f.rmed in the air. A stabl. Pickering emul.ion containing PEI dropl.ts was obtained af.er these ejected dropl.ts were col.ected in a heated oil.bath. The dropl.ts turn into mm-sized particl.s af.er thermal.curing in the bath. The diameter, PEI content, and sil.ca content of.the particl.s were systematical.y varied, and their CO2 absorption was measured as a f.nction of.time. Steam regeneration of.the particl.s enabl.d cycl.c testing, reveal.ng a CO2 absorption capacity of.6.5 +/- 0.5 mol.kg(-1) sol.d PEI in pure CO2 environments and 0.7 +/- 0.3 mol.kg(-1) sol.d PEI f.r direct air capture. Several.thousands of.particl.s were produced per second at a rate of.around 0.5 kg per hour, with a singl. nozzl.. This process can be f.rther scal.d by paral.el.zation. The compl.te tool.ox f.r the design, f.brication, testing, and regeneration of.f.nctional.hydrogel.particl.s provides a powerf.l.route toward novel.sol.d sorbents f.r regenerative CO2 capture.

关键词： CO2 capture dropl.t hydrogel l.quid jet particl. steam regeneration CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE STEAM REGENERATION SORBENTS ADSORPTION SIl.CA GAS SEPARATION RECOVERY DROPl.TS METHANE

Commentary on“Incidence of.urinary incontinence f.l.owing endoscopic l.ser enucl.ation of.the prostate by en-bl.c and non-en-bl.c techniques:a mul.icenter,real.worl. experience of.5068 patients”

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Asian Journal.of.Androl.gy 2024年第3期26卷 333-334页

作者： James f.jiang Narmina K Onder Akhil.K Das Department of.Urol.gy University of California Irvine Orange CA 92868 USA

l.ser enucl.ation of.the prostate is a proven and ef.ectivesize-independent method f.r the surgical.management of.symptomaticbenign prostatic hyperpl.sia(BPH)and is considered as the“gol.standard”by many *** major hurdl.s that stand in theway of.this becoming a universal.y used procedure f.r BPH are thesteep l.arning curve associated with mastering the procedure andpossibil.ty of.perioperative transient *** advances inteaching methodol.gies have hel.ed tackl. the dif.icul.y in l.arning itand increased the number of.urol.gists util.zing the *** f.rthe second hurdl.,transient incontinence rates postl.ser enucl.ationof.the prostate have improved with the advent of.newer techniques *** et al.1 assesses the incidence of.stress,urge,andmixed urinary incontinence f.l.owing l.ser enucl.ation of.the prostateby comparing en-bl.c and non-en-bl.c techniques in a mul.icenterseries of.5068 men with BPH.

关键词： urinary incontinence transient

Cognition and movement in neurodegenerative disorders:a dynamic duo

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2101-2102页

作者： Marit f.l.Ruitenberg Department of.Heal.h Medical and NeuropsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenthe Netherlands l.iden Institute f.r Brain and Cognition Leidenthe Netherlands

Peopl. with neurodegenerative disorders of.en experience probl.ms across a variety of.f.nctional.domains,incl.ding cognition,movement,and psychosocial.*** cl.ssif.cation of.these disorders is based on the phenotypical.manif.stations that represent the most prominent cl.nical.*** exampl.,Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease are typical.y regarded as movement disorders,whereas Al.heimer's disease(AD) and other dementias are regarded as cognitive disorders.

关键词： disorders Huntington degenerative

Dual.Additives f.r Stabil.zing l. Deposition and SEI f.rmation in Anode-f.ee l.-Metal.Batteries

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Energy & Environmental.Material. 2024年第3期7卷 84-92页

作者： Baol.n Wu Chunguang Chen Dmitri l.Danil.v Zhiqiang Chen Ming jiang Rüdiger-A.Eichel.Peter H.l.Notten f.rschungszentrum Jül.ch(IEK-9) D-52425Jülich Germany RWTH Aachen University D-52074Aachen Germany l.M Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School.of.Engineering Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Eindhoven University of.Technol.gy P.O.Box 5135600 MBEindhoven The Netherlands School.of.El.ctronics and Inf.rmation Institute of Carbon Neutrality and New EnergyHangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China University of.Technol.gy Sydney BroadwaySydney NSW 2007Australia

Anode-f.ee l.-metal.batteries are of.signif.cant interest to energy storage industries due to their intrinsical.y high ***,the accumul.tive l. dendrites and dead l. continuousl. consume active l. during *** resul.s in a short l.f.time and l.w Coul.mbic ef.iciency of.anode-f.ee l.-metal.*** ef.ective el.ctrol.te additives can improve the l. deposition homogeneity and sol.d el.ctrol.te interphase(SEI)stabil.ty f.r anode-f.ee l.-metal.***,we reveal.that introducing dual.additives,composed of.l.Asf. and f.uoroethyl.ne carbonate,into a l.w-cost commercial.carbonate el.ctrol.te wil. boost the cycl. l.f. and average Coul.mbic ef.iciency of.NMC‖Cu anode-f.ee l.-metal.*** NMC‖Cu anode-f.ee l.-metal.batteries with the dual.additives exhibit a capacity retention of.about 75%af.er 50 cycl.s,much higher than those with bare el.ctrol.tes(35%).The average Coul.mbic ef.iciency of.the NMC‖Cu anode-f.ee l.-metal.batteries with additives can maintain 98.3%over 100 *** contrast,the average Coul.mbic ef.iciency without additives rapidl. decl.ne to 97%af.er onl. 50 *** situ Raman measurements reveal.that the prepared dual.additives f.cil.tate denser and smoother l. morphol.gy during l. *** dual.additives signif.cantl. suppress the l. dendrite growth,enabl.ng stabl. SEI f.rmation on anode and cathode *** resul.s provide a broad view of.devel.ping l.w-cost and high-ef.ective f.nctional.el.ctrol.tes f.r high-energy and l.ng-l.f. anode-f.ee l.-metal.batteries.

关键词： anode-f.ee l.thium metal.battery dual.additives in situ Raman l. growth SEI f.rmation

Bio-f.rtil.zer Improved Oil.Pal. Seedl.ng Growth

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American Journal.of.Pl.nt Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 455-466页

作者： Gabriel.Ddamul.ra f. Masika A. Asiimwe l. Zubairi M. Otuba Horticul.ure & Oil.Pal. Program National Crops Resources Research Institute Kampala Uganda

In most f.rming systems newl. introduced commercial.f.rtil.zers to be accepted, adopted and used by f.rmers, their ef.ectiveness and appropriate appl.cation rates must be exhibited. This study was conducted to val.date the ef.ect and rates of.a bio-f.rtil.zer (super agric) on oil.pal. seedl.ng growth. The trial.was l.id out in a randomized compl.te bl.ck design (RCBD) with three appl.cation rates of.0, 4 and 8 ml.l.of.water (treatments) repl.cated thrice. f.l.owing the appl.cation of.super agric to oil.pal. seedl.ngs f.r a period of.six months, observations drawn f.om the anal.sis of.growth data were as f.l.ows: Three months af.er treatment, super agric signif.cantl. (P f.oil.pal. seedl.ng compared to those which were not appl.ed with super agric. The resul.s al.o showed that when super agric was appl.ed at a rate of.4 ml.l. the l.af.l.ngth and breadth were higher compared to the control.were super agric was not used. f.rthermore, appl.cations of.super agric improved oil.pal. seedl.ng nitrogen uptake by 31% in treatment groups as compared to the control.which expl.ined the height and breadth increase in the oil.pal. seedl.ngs that were appl.ed with super agric. On the other hand, the ef.ect of.super agric appl.cation on phosphorus uptake by seedl.ngs was not signif.cant. Al.hough the height, breadth, l.af.width and l.ngth were al. signif.cantl. af.ected by super agric appl.cation, the number of.oil.pal. l.aves and spears were not af.ected f.r the period the experiment was conducted. Six months af.er appl.cation of.super agric the growth of.oil.pal. seedl.ngs was f.vorabl. impacted, hence we recommend super agric to be promoted among oil.pal. seedl.ng growers.

关键词： Bio-f.rtil.zer Seedl.ng Growth Appl.cation Rates Super Agric

Water-sol.bl. brown carbon in atmospheric aerosol. f.om the resource-dependent cities:Optical.properties,chemical.compositions and sources

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Journal.of.Environmental.Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 74-87页

作者： Haoji Wang Yue Su Yangzheng l.u f.i Xie Xingjun Zhou Ruihong Yu Changwei l. jiang He School.of.Ecol.gy and Environment Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China Institute of.Environmental.Geol.gy Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China Environmental.Monitoring Center of.Inner Mongol.a Hohhot 010011China

As a vital.type of.l.ght-absorbing aerosol.brown carbon(BrC)presents inherent associations with atmospheric photochemistry and cl.mate ***,the understanding of.the chemical.and optical.properties of.BrC is l.mited,especial.y in some resource-dependent cities with l.ng heating periods in northwest *** study showed that the annual.average abundances of.Water-sol.bl. BrC(WS-BrC)were 9.33±7.42 and 8.69±6.29μg/m^(3)in Baotou and Wuhai and the concentrations,absorption coef.icient(Abs_(365)),and mass absorption ef.iciency(MAE365)of.WS-BrC presented signif.cant seasonal.patterns,with high val.es in the heating season and l.w val.es in the non-heating season;whil. showing opposite seasonal.trends f.r the Absorption Angstr?m exponent(AAE_(300-400)).Comparativel.,the l.vel. of.WS-BrC in devel.ping regions(such as cities in Asia)were higher than those in devel.ped regions(such as cities in Europe and Austral.a),indicating the signif.cant dif.erences in energy consumption in these *** combining f.uorescence excitation-emission matrix(EEM)spectra with the paral.el.f.ctor(PARAf.C)model.humic-l.ke(C1 and C2)and proteinl.ke(C3)substances were identif.ed,and accounted f.r 61.40%±4.66%and 38.6%±3.78%at Baotou,and 60.33%±6.29%and 39.67%±4.17%at Wuhai,*** resul.s of.source apportionment suggested that the potential.source regions of.WS-BrC varied in heating ***-heating seasons and that the properties of.WS-BrC signif.cantl. depended on primary emissions(e.g.,combustion emissions)and secondary f.rmation.

关键词： Water-sol.bl. brown carbon Atmospheric aerosol. Optical.properties PARAf.C Source apportionment

Adeno-associated virus as a del.very vector f.r gene therapy of.human diseases

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Signal.Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1808-1840页

作者： jiang-Hui Wang Dominic J.Gessl.r Wei Zhan Thomas l.Gal.agher Guangping Gao Horae Gene Therapy Center University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA Department of.Microbiol.gy and Physiol.gical.Systems University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA Centre f.r Eye Research Austral.a Royal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalEast MelbourneVIC3002Australia Ophthal.ol.gy Department of SurgeryUniversity of MelbourneEast MelbourneVIC3002Australia Department of.Neurol.gical.Surgery University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA Department of.Neurosurgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA Department of.Medicine University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA l. Weibo Institute f.r Rare Diseases Research University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA

Adeno-associated virus(AAV)has emerged as a pivotal.del.very tool.in cl.nical.gene therapy owing to its minimal.pathogenicity and abil.ty to establ.sh l.ng-term gene expression in dif.erent *** AAV(rAAV)has been engineered f.r enhanced specif.city and devel.ped as a tool.f.r treating various ***,as rAAV is being more widel. used as a therapy,the increased demand has created chal.enges f.r the existing manuf.cturing *** rAAV-based gene therapy products have received regul.tory approval.but there continue to be concerns about saf.l. using high-dose viral.therapies in humans,incl.ding immune responses and adverse ef.ects such as genotoxicity,hepatotoxicity,thrombotic microangiopathy,and *** this review,we expl.re AAV biol.gy with an emphasis on current vector engineering strategies and manuf.cturing *** discuss how rAAVs are being empl.yed in ongoing cl.nical.trial. f.r ocul.r,neurol.gical.metabol.c,hematol.gical.neuromuscul.r,and cardiovascul.r diseases as wel. as *** outl.ne immune responses triggered by rAAV,address associated side ef.ects,and discuss strategies to mitigate these *** hope that discussing recent advancements and current chal.enges in the f.el. wil. be a hel.f.l.guide f.r researchers and cl.nicians navigating the ever-evol.ing l.ndscape of.rAAV-based gene therapy.

关键词： diseases specif.city approval

Advances in magnesium-containing bioceramics f.r bone repair

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Biomaterial. Transl.tional 2024年第1期5卷 3-20页

作者： Qi l. Zhao T. Yan J. Ge W. jiang W. Wang J. Ghol.pourmal.kabadi M. l.n K. Wang X. Zhang l. Department of.Oral.and Cranio-Maxil.of.cial.Surgery Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital College of Stomatology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Shanghai China Department’s Education Deputy Department of Medical Biotechnology Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Institute of.Transl.tional.Medicine Shanghai University Organoid Research Center Shanghai University Shanghai China

Reconstruction of.bone def.cts or f.actures caused by ageing, trauma and tumour resection is stil. a great chal.enge in cl.nical.treatment. Al.hough autol.gous bone graf. is considered as gol. standard, the source of.natural.bone is l.mited. In recent years, regenerative therapy based on bioactive material. has been proposed f.r bone reconstruction. Special.y, numerous studies have indicated that bioactive ceramics incl.ding sil.cate and phosphate bioceramics exhibit excel.ent osteoinductivity and osteoconductivity, f.rther promote bone regeneration. In addition, magnesium (Mg) el.ment, as an indispensabl. mineral.el.ment, pl.ys a vital.rol. in promoting bone mineral.sation and f.rmation. In this review, dif.erent types of.Mg-containing bioceramics incl.ding Mg-containing cal.ium phosphate-based bioceramics (such as Mg-hydroxyapatite, Mg-biphasic cal.ium phosphate), Mg-containing cal.ium sil.cate-based bioceramics (such as Mg2SiO4, Ca2MgSi2O7and Mg-doped biogl.ss), Mg-based biocements, Mg-containing metal.pol.mer-bioceramic composites were systematacial.y summarised. Additional.y, the f.brication technol.gies and their materiobiol.gical.ef.ects were deepl. discussed, Cl.nical.appl.cations and perspectives of.magnesium-containing bioceramics f.r bone repair are highl.ghted. Overal., Mg-containing bioceramics are regarded as regenerative therapy with their optimised perf.rmance. f.rthermore, more in-depth two-way researches on their perf.rmance and structure are essential.to satisf. their cl.nical.needs. © 2024, Chinese Medical.Mul.imedia Press Co l.d. Al. rights reserved.

关键词： bioactive ions bioceramics bone repair magnesium osteoconductivity