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Empirical Research in software Engineering -- A literature Survey

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2018年第5期33卷 876-899页

作者： li Zhang Jia-Hao Tian Jing jiang Yi-Jun liu Meng-Yuan Pu Tao Yue State key laboratory of software Development Environment Beihang University Beijing 100191 China College of software Beihang University Beijing 100191 China Simula Research laboratory Martin Lingesvei 25 1364 Fornebu Norway

Empirical research is playing a significant role in software engineering （SE）, and it has been applied to evaluate software artifacts and technologies. There have been a great number of empirical research articles published recently. There is also a large research community in empirical software engineering （ESE）. In this paper, we identify both the overall landscape and detailed implementations of ESE, and investigate frequently applied empirical methods, targeted research purposes, used data sources, and applied data processing approaches and tools in ESE. The aim is to identify new trends and obtain interesting observations of empirical software engineering across different sub-fields of software engineering. We conduct a mapping study on 538 selected articles from January 2013 to November 2017, with four research questions. We observe that the trend of applying empirical methods in software engineering is continuously increasing and the most commonly applied methods are experiment, case study and survey. Moreover, open source projects are the most frequently used data sources. We also observe that most of researchers have paid attention to the validity and the possibility to replicate their studies. These observations are carefully analyzed and presented as carefully designed diagrams. We also reveal shortcomings and demanded knowledge/strategies in ESE and propose recommendations for researchers.

关键词： empirical software engineering empirical method systematic mapping study

Review:Image anti-aliasing techniques for Internet visual media processing: a review

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Journal of Zhejiang university-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2014年第9期15卷 717-728页

作者： Xu-dong jiang Bin SHENG Wei-yao liN Wei LU li-zhuang MA Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University State key laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Autodesk software (china) Co. Ltd. Shanghai Branch

Anti-aliasing is a well-established technique in computer graphics that reduces the blocky or stair-wise appearance of pixels. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the anti-aliasing techniques used in computer graphics, which can be classified into two categories: post-filtering based anti-aliasing and pre-filtering based anti-aliasing. We discuss post-filtering based anti-aliasing algorithms through classifying them into hardware anti-aliasing techniques and post-process techniques for deferred rendering. Comparisons are made among different methods to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of every category. We also review the utilization of anti-aliasing techniques from the first category in different graphic processing units, i.e., different NVIDIA and AMD series. This review provides a guide that should allow researchers to position their work in this important research area, and new research problems are identified.

关键词： Anti-aliasing Hardware Post-filtering Pre-filtefing Sampling

基于BLUP-GGE双标图的白桦子代多地点速生性及稳定性分析

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北京林业大学学报 2024年第10期46卷 53-62页

作者：文浩雨张杰李慧玉高彩球王超张庆祝姜静刘桂丰东北林业大学林木遗传育种全国重点实验室黑龙江哈尔滨150040

【目的】通过白桦子代多地点试验,分析其速生性和稳定性,筛选出优良家系,为种子园的改建和重建提供科学依据。【方法】以3个试验点的8年生白桦半同胞家系子代试验林为研究对象,调查其树高、胸径、材积、通直度、保存率性状,采用R语言中... 详细信息

【目的】通过白桦子代多地点试验,分析其速生性和稳定性,筛选出优良家系,为种子园的改建和重建提供科学依据。【方法】以3个试验点的8年生白桦半同胞家系子代试验林为研究对象,调查其树高、胸径、材积、通直度、保存率性状,采用R语言中的ASReml-R4.0软件包,拟合具有异质方差的混合线性模型,通过最佳线性无偏预测法(BLUP)获得不同试验点各家系的综合育种值,并结合GGE双标图对各参试点和家系进行综合评价及选择。【结果】(1)以地点为固定效应的混合线性模型分析中,白桦半同胞家系子代的5个性状在地点间、家系间、以及地点×家系的互作间的差异均达到显著水平(P1.5)。(2)基于各家系综合育种值的GGE双标图显示,尚志试验点的区分度和代表性均最优,庆安和尚志试验点的相关性最强,永吉与尚志试验点几乎不相关、与庆安试验点负相关。(3)16号和15号白桦家系的速生性最优,4.和32号白桦家系的稳定性最强。基于各家系速生性和稳定性的综合性状排序,按20%的入选率共选出16号、4.号、15号和38号4.优良家系。【结论】白桦半同胞家系在不同试验地点的生长表现存在显著差异,同一试验地点内不同家系之间的生长表现也存在差异。基因型(家系)与环境(地点)的交互作用对白桦的生长有显著影响。依据各家系速生性及稳定性综合性状,选出16号、4.号、15号和38号为白桦半同胞优良家系。

关键词：白桦线性混合模型育种值 GGE双标图优良家系选择

利用龙稻5号/中优早8号RIL群体定位粒形QTL

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中国水稻科学 2024年第1期38卷 13-24页

作者：侯本福杨传铭张喜娟杨贤莉王立志王嘉宇李红宇姜树坤黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院黑龙江大庆163319 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所/黑龙江省寒地作物生理生态重点实验室/黑龙江省农作物低温冷害工程技术研究中心哈尔滨150086 黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院/黑龙江省松嫩平原西部作物种质资源创新与利用工程技术研究中心黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006 沈阳农业大学水稻研究所沈阳110161 国家耐盐碱水稻技术创新中心东北中心哈尔滨150086

【目的】粒形是决定稻米产量、品质和商品价值的重要数量性状之一。本研究旨在利用水稻重组自交系群体鉴定控制粒形的QTL,为水稻粒形基因的挖掘和长粒形粳稻育种应用奠定基础。【方法】以短圆粒形的粳型超级稻品种龙稻5号(LD5)为母本和... 详细信息

【目的】粒形是决定稻米产量、品质和商品价值的重要数量性状之一。本研究旨在利用水稻重组自交系群体鉴定控制粒形的QTL,为水稻粒形基因的挖掘和长粒形粳稻育种应用奠定基础。【方法】以短圆粒形的粳型超级稻品种龙稻5号(LD5)为母本和细长粒形的早熟籼稻品种中优早8号(ZYZ8)为父本构建包含176个家系的重组自交系群体测定粒长、粒宽、长宽比和粒厚等粒形性状,分析粒形性状间的关系并进行QTL定位和比较分析。【结果】利用区间作图法共检测到8个粒形QTL,分布在3、5、6、7和11号染色体上,表型贡献率范围为4.69%~18.89%,LOD值范围为2.52~8.74.这8个QTL包括3个粒长QTL qGL3、qGL7和qGL11,2个粒宽QTL qGW3和qGW5,2个粒厚QTL qGT3和qGT6,1个长宽比QTL qLWR3。其中,qGL3、qGL7、qGW3、qGW5和qLWR3可以在3个年份稳定检测到。利用多环境联合分析共检测到14.粒形QTL,包括qGL2、qGL3、qGL7和qGL11共4.粒长QTL;qGW3和qGW5共2个粒宽QTL;qGT3、qGT5和qGT6共3个粒厚QTL;qLWR3a、qLWR3b、qLWR5、qLWR7和qLWR11共5个长宽比QTL,分布在2、3、5、6、7和11号染色体上,表型贡献率范围为2.28%~15.78%,LOD值范围为4.20~20.90。与已克隆的粒形基因进行染色体位置比较发现,qGL3/qLWR3区间包含已克隆的GL3.1;qGW5区间包含已克隆的GW5;qLWR3b/qGT3区间包含已克隆的TGW3。【结论】利用区间作图法和多环境联合分析的方法从龙稻5号和中优早8号的重组自交系群体中共鉴定了14.粒形QTL,其中8个QTL是两种方法重复检测到的。这些QTL定位区间内包含已克隆的GL3.1、TGW3和GW5等粒形基因。

关键词：水稻粒形 QTL定位分子辅助育种

多源异构数据融合关键技术与政务大数据治理体系

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计算机科学 2024年第2期51卷 1-14页

作者：闫佳和李红辉马英刘真张大林江周娴段宇航北京交通大学计算机与信息技术学院北京100044 国家信息中心北京100045 北京交通大学软件学院北京100044

随着信息技术的飞速发展,各级政府和大型企业掌握的数据量正在以指数级别增长。然而,数据来源多样会导致格式差异,数据质量参差不齐会影响应用效果,数据分散管理会弱化关联汇集,数据形态异构会造成语义鸿沟。在此背景下,多源异构数据融... 详细信息

随着信息技术的飞速发展,各级政府和大型企业掌握的数据量正在以指数级别增长。然而,数据来源多样会导致格式差异,数据质量参差不齐会影响应用效果,数据分散管理会弱化关联汇集,数据形态异构会造成语义鸿沟。在此背景下,多源异构数据融合负责将来源不同的多模态数据进行有效整合,完成数据互补与关联,进而实现信息增强。目前,大多数已有研究的关注重点集中在大数据治理流程与多模态深度学习,很少有工作研究讨论完整的多源异构数据融合技术框架。因此,在综述关键技术的基础上,文中提出了一整套涵盖“数据引接-数据清洗-数据集成-数据融合”全过程的多源异构数据融合关键技术框架,并对各个环节需要解决的问题与重点任务进行介绍。然后,通过一个政务应用实例场景,给出了政务大数据治理体系的设计,以解决政务数据来源广泛、质量参差不齐、管理分散、形态异构的问题,并进一步阐述了多源异构数据融合的重要价值。最后总结全文并展望未来。

关键词：多源异构数据多模态数据融合数据治理技术政务大数据大数据治理流程

Power-Aware Data Management Based on Hybrid RAM-NVM Memory for Smart Bracelet

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2017年第4期15卷 385-390页

作者： Jin-Yu Zhan Jun-huan Yang Wei jiang Yi-Xin li Yi-Ming Zhang School of Information and software Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 China State key Lab of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Wuxi 214000China

Wearable devices become popular because they can help people observe health *** battery life is the critical problem for wearable devices. The non-volatile memory(NVM) attracts attention in recent years because of its fast reading and writing speed, high density, persistence, and especially low idle power. With its low idle power consumption,NVM can be applied in wearable devices to prolong the battery lifetime such as smart bracelet. However, NVM has higher write power consumption than dynamic random access memory(DRAM). In this paper, we assume to use hybrid random access memory(RAM)and NVM architecture for the smart bracelet *** paper presents a data management algorithm named bracelet power-aware data management(BPADM) based on the architecture. The BPADM can estimate the power consumption according to the memory access, such as sampling rate of data, and then determine the data should be stored in NVM or DRAM in order to satisfy low power. The experimental results show BPADM can reduce power consumption effectively for bracelet in normal and sleeping modes.

关键词： Hybrid memory non-volatile memory(NVM) power-aware smart bracelet

High Frequency Communication Network with Diversity: System Structure and key Enabling Techniques

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china Communications 2018年第9期15卷 46-59页

作者： Kun Xu Bin jiang Zeyou Su Shengqing Wang Makun Guo Xiao li Zhiyong Du College of Information and Communication National University of Defense Technology

High frequency sky wave communication suffers from poor performance including poor link quality and low link success rate. To enhance performance, diversity technology is proposed in the high frequency communication network(HFCN) in this ***, we present the benefits and the challenges by introducing diversity technology into the existing HFCN. Secondly, to exploit the benefits fully and overcome the challenges, we propose a system structure suitable for deploying diversity technology in HFCN in large scale,based on the cloud radio access network and software defined network. Moreover, we present a general structure for the real-time updating frequency management system that plays a more important role especially when resource consuming(e.g., frequency) diversity technology is deployed. Thirdly, we investigate the {4. techniques enabling diversity technology deployment. Finally, we point out the future research directions to help the HFCN with diversity work more efficiently and intelligently.

关键词： high frequency high frequency communication network diversity technology access layer and core layer frequency management system

Effect of naringenin in Qianggu capsule on population pharmacokinetics in Chinese women with primary osteoporosis

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2015年第2期35卷 141-153页

作者： Wang Jiannong jiang Junjie Xie Yanming Wei Xu li Jianpeng Duan Jingli Xiong Xin Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Xi Yuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Chinese Clinical Basic Institute China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Department of Pharmaceutics Third Hospital Affiliated Peking University

OBJECTIVE:To characterize naringenin(NAR) population pharmacokinetics(PPK) in Chinese women with primary ***:Ninety-eight female patients with primary osteoporosis from the Jingshan,Beixinqiao,Jiaodaokou,Chaoyangmen,and Donghuamen communities in Beijing,china,aged 4. to 80 years,received oral Qianggu capsules(250 mg).Blood samples were collected before and at 0.5,1,2,3,4.6,8,10,12,and 24.h after *** concentration of NAR in the blood samples was measured using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass *** analyses were performed with nonlinear mixed-effect modeling software(version 7.1.2,PsN3.2.12).The clearance(C1),central distribution volume(V),absorption rate constant(Ka1),peripheral distribution volume(VII),and inter-compartmental clearance(CliI) were set as parameters and estimated by the base model,covariate model,and final ***-Yang deficiency[Shenyangxu(SYAX)]and liver-kidney-Yin deficiency(Ganshenyinxu) are patterns of symptoms in Traditional Chinese Medicine that were set as covariates,along with age,height,blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine,alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,and *** stepwise forward and backward procedures were accomplished to build *** final model was evaluated by internal and external validation,visual predictive check,bootstrap,and leverage ***:A one compartment open model with first order degradation was the best fitted to the concentration-time profiles following oral administration of *** mean of population parameters of the final model,C1,SYAX on C1,V,Ka1,CliI,and VII,were measured to be 37.6 L/h,0.4.7 L,123 L/h,0.12/h,0.3056,and 1.4.6,***-individual variability was estimated and SYAX was identified as a significant ***:The population pharmacokinetic model described in this study could effectively characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of NAR following administration of a single dose of o

关键词： Naringenin Pharmacokinetics Medicine Chinese traditional Qianggu capsule Total flavonoids of Drynaria fortunei

IRIS:A method for predicting in vivo RNA secondary structures using PARIS data

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Quantitative Biology 2020年第4期8卷 369-381页

作者： Jianyu Zhou Pan li Wanwen Zeng Wenxiu Ma Zhipeng Lu Rui jiang Qiangfeng Cliff Zhang Tao jiang Bioinformatics Division BNRISTTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China MOE key laboratory of Bioinformatics Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural BiologyCenter for Synthetic and Systems BiologyTsinghua-Peking Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China College of software Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Department of Statistics University of CaliforniaRiversideCA 92521USA Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Southern CaliforniaCA 90089USA Department of Automation Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaRiversideCA 92521USA

Background:RNA secondary structures play a pivotal role in posttranscriptional regulation and the functions of non-coding RNAs,yet in vivo RNA secondary structures remain ***(Psoralen Analysis of RNA Interactions and Structures)is a recently developed high-throughput sequencing-based approach that enables direct capture of RNA duplex structures in ***,the existence of incompatible,fuzzy pairing information obstructs the integration of PARIS data with the existing tools for reconstructing RNA secondary structure models at the single-base ***:We introduce IRIS,a method for predicting RNA secondary structure ensembles based on PARIS *** generates a large set of candidate RNA secondary structure models under the guidance of redistributed PARIS reads and then uses a Bayesian model to identify the optimal ensemble,according to both thermodynamic principles and PARIS ***:The predicted RNA structure ensembles by IRIS have been verified based on evolutionary conservation information and consistency with other experimental RNA structural *** is implemented in Python and freely available at http://***:IRIS capitalizes upon PARIS data to improve the prediction of in vivo RNA secondary structure *** expect that IRIS will enhance the application of the PARIS technology and shed more insight on in vivo RNA secondary structures.

关键词： RNA secondary structure PARIS data in vivo structure ensembles incompatible reads