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Measuring code maintainability with deep neural networks

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2023年第6期17卷 61-75页

作者： Yamin HU hao jiang Zongyao HU School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China School of Artificial Intelligence Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China

The maintainability of source code is a key quality characteristic for software *** approaches have been proposed to quantitatively measure code *** approaches rely heavily on code metrics,e.g.,the number of Lines of Code and McCabe’s Cyclomatic *** employed code metrics are essentially statistics regarding code elements,e.g.,the numbers of tokens,lines,references,and branch ***,natural language in source code,especially identifiers,is rarely exploited by such *** a result,replacing meaningful identifiers with nonsense tokens would not significantly influence their outputs,although the replacement should have significantly reduced code *** this end,in this paper,we propose a novel approach(called DeepM)to measure code maintainability by exploiting the lexical semantics of text in source *** leverages deep learning techniques(e.g.,LSTM and attention mechanism)to exploit these lexical semantics in measuring code *** key rationale of DeepM is that measuring code maintainability is complex and often far beyond the capabilities of statistics or simple ***,DeepM leverages deep learning techniques to automatically select useful features from complex and lengthy inputs and to construct a complex mapping(rather than simple heuristics)from the input to the output(code maintainability index).DeepM is evaluated on a manually-assessed *** evaluation results suggest that DeepM is accurate,and it generates the same rankings of code maintainability as those of experienced programmers on 87.5%of manually ranked pairs of Java classes.

关键词： code maintainability lexical semantics deep learning neural networks

Dispersion hydrophobic electrolyte enables lithium-oxygen battery enduring saturated water vapor

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第1期31卷 511-519,I0014页

作者： Yinan Zhang Fangling jiang hao jiang Osamu Yamamoto Tao Zhang State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049.China Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry Education School of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China Department of Chemistry Faculty of EngineeringMie UniversityTsu 514-8507Japan

Li-O_(2) batteries gain widespread attention as a can didate for next-generati on energy storage devices due to their extraordinary theoretic specific *** semi-open structure of Li-O_(2) batteries causes many parasitic reactions,especially related to *** is a double-edged sword,which destroys Li anode and simultaneously triggers a solution-based pathway of the discharge *** this work,hexamethyldisilazane(HMDS)is introduced into the electrolyte of an aprotic Li-O_(2) *** has a strong ability to combine with a trace of water to gen erate a hydrophobic hexamethyldisiloxa ne(MM),which eliminates water from the electrolyte decomposition and then prevents the Li anode from producing the insulating LiOH with *** this case,the hydrophobic MM disperses in the ether-based electrolyte,forming a dispersion hydrophobic *** electrolyte can anchor water from the environment on the cathode side,which triggers a solution-based pathway and regulates the growth morphology of the discharge product and consequently increases the discharge *** with the Li-O_(2) battery without the HMDS,the HMDS-containing Li-O_(2) battery contributes an about 13-fold increase of cyclability(400 cycles,1800 h)in the extreme environment of saturated water *** work opens a new approach for directly operating aprotic Li-O_(2) batteries in ambient air.

关键词： Hexamethyldisilazane Dispersion hydrophobic electrolyte Saturated water vapor pressure Li-O2 battery Long life

Transformer-based downlink precoding design in massive MIMO systems for 5G-advanced and 6G

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第9期66卷 303-304页

作者： hao jiang Linglong DAI Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology(BNRist)

Massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) with a larger number of base station(BS) antennas has been regarded as a key technique to support digital twins and the metaverse in future 5G-Advanced and 6G [1]. To realize the expected high-speed transmission, the channel information state(CSI) is required to design the precoding in BS.

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Novel Sum-of-Sinusoids Simulation Channel Modeling for 6G Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Vehicle-to-Everything Communications

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China Communications 2024年第1期21卷 242-259页

作者： hao jiang Hongming Zhang Ting Liu College of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology210044China National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChina

In this paper,a statistical cluster-based simulation channel model with a finite number of sinusoids is proposed for depicting the multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)communications in vehicleto-everything(V2X)*** the proposed sum-of-sinusoids(SoS)channel model,the waves that emerge from the transmitter undergo line-of-sight(LoS)and non-line-of-sight(NLoS)propagation to the receiver,which makes the model suitable for describing numerous V2X wireless communication scenarios for sixth-generation(6G).We derive expressions for the real and imaginary parts of the complex channel impulse response(CIR),which characterize the physical propagation characteristics of V2X wireless *** statistical properties of the real and imaginary parts of the complex CIRs,i.e.,autocorrelation functions(ACFs),Doppler power spectral densities(PSDs),cross-correlation functions(CCFs),and variances of ACFs and CCFs,are derived and *** results are generated and match those predicted by the underlying theory,demonstrating the accuracy of our derivation and *** proposed framework and underlying theory arise as an efficient tool to investigate the statistical properties of 6G MIMO V2X communication systems.

关键词： complex CIRs LoS and NLoS propagation components MIMO V2X communication environments SoS simulation channel model statistical properties

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Twin cogenesis

Communications in Theoretical Physics 2023年第4期75卷 34-49页

作者： Wan-Zhe Feng jiang-hao Yu Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics School of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

We investigate a cogenesis mechanism within the twin Higgs setup that can naturally explain the nature of dark matter,the cosmic coincidence puzzle,little hierarchy problem,leptogenesis,and the tiny neutrino *** heavy Majorana neutrinos are introduced to the standard model sector and the twin sector respectively,which explain the tiny neutrino masses and generate the lepton asymmetry and the twin lepton asymmetry at the same *** twin cogenesis mechanism applies to any viable twin Higgs model without an explicit Z_(2)breaking in the leptonic sector and evading theΔN_(eff) *** illustrate the twin cogenesis mechanism using the neutrino-philic twin two Higgs doublet model,a newly proposed model to lift the twin neutrino masses with spontaneous Z_(2)*** dark photon with a Stueckelberg mass O(10)MeV ensures the energy in the twin sector as well as the symmetric component of twin sector particles can be *** lightest twin baryons are the dark matter candidates with masses of approximately 5.5 GeV,which explains naturally the amount of dark matter and visible matter in the Universe are of the same *** also demonstrate twin cogenesis in the fraternal twin Higgs setup,in which the dark matter candidate is the twin bottom bound stateΩ’_(b’b’b’).

关键词： cogenesis cosmic coincidence asymmetric dark matter leptogenesis neutrino mass

Single-cell genomic profile-based analysis of tissue differentiation in colorectal cancer

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2021年第8期64卷 1311-1325页

作者： hao jiang Hongquan Zhang Xuegong Zhang MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division BNRISTDepartment of AutomationTsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life SciencesCenter for Synthetic and Systems BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China MOE Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research Department of Human AnatomyHistology and EmbryologyState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100191China

Colorectal cancer(CRC) progression is associated with cancer cell dedifferentiation and stemness acquisition. Several methods have been developed to identify stemness signatures in CRCs. However, studies that directly measured the degree of dedifferentiation in CRC tissues are limited. It is unclear how the differentiation states change during CRC progression. To address this, we develop a method to analyze the tissue differentiation spectrum in colorectal cancer using normal gastrointestinal singlecell transcriptome data. Applying this method on 281 tumor samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas Colon Adenocarcinoma dataset, we identified three major CRC subtypes with distinct tissue differentiation pattern. We observed that differentiation states are closely correlated with anti-tumor immune response and patient outcomes in CRC. Highly dedifferentiated CRC samples escaped the immune surveillance and exhibited poor outcomes;mildly dedifferentiated CRC samples showed resistance to anti-tumor immune responses and had a worse survival rate;well-differentiated CRC samples showed sustained anti-tumor immune responses and had a good prognosis. Overall, the spectrum of tissue differentiation observed in CRCs can be used for future clinical risk stratification and subtype-based therapy selection.

关键词： colorectal cancer sustained

Three-dimensional elastostatic solutions for transversely isotropic functionally graded material plates containing elastic inclusion

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2015年第4期36卷 417-426页

作者： Bo YANG Weiqiu CHEN hao jiang DING Department of Civil Engineering Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang University Department of Civil Engineering Zhejiang University

Based on the generalized England-Spencer plate theory, the equilibrium of a transversely isotropic functionally graded plate containing an elastic inclusion is studied. The general solutions of the governing equations are expressed by four analytic functions α（ζ）, β（ζ）, φ（ζ）, and ψ（ζ） when no transverse forces are acting on the surfaces of the plate. Axisymmetric problems of a functionally graded circular plate and an infinite func- tionally graded plate containing a circular hole subject to loads applied on the cylindrical boundaries of the plate are firstly investigated. On this basis, the three-dimensional （3D） elasticity solutions are then obtained for a functionally graded infinite plate containing an elastic circular inclusion. When the material is degenerated into the homogeneous one, the present elasticity solutions are exactly the same as the ones obtained based on the plane stress elasticity, thus validating the present analysis in a certain sense.

关键词： functionally graded plate elastic circular inclusion elasticity solution

Synthesis of pyrrolidinyl-ethylene fluorenyl rare-earth metal complexes and catalysis for 2-vinylpyridine polymerization

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第3期41卷 381-387,I0003页

作者： Yinjun Wang hao jiang Huifei Wang Zehuai Mou Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province School of Material Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo UniversityNingbo 315211China

The metathesis reaction between pyrrolidinyl-ethylene fluorenyl lithium salts with in situ prepared cationic rare-earth metal dialkyl species[Ln(CH_(2)SiMe_(3))_(2)(THF)_(x)][BPh_(4)]afford efficiently the corresponding constrained-geometry complexes L^(1)Ln(CH_(2)SiMe_(3))_(2)(L^(1)=FluCH_(2)CH_(2)NC_(4)H_(8),Ln=Y(1a),Lu(1b),Sc(1c))and L^(2)Ln(CH_(2)SiMe_(3))_(2)(L^(2)=(2,7-di-tert-butyl)FluCH_(2)CH_(2)NC_(4)H_(8),Ln=Y(2a),Lu(2b),Sc(2c))in good *** these complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy,and the solid-state molecular structure of yttrium complex 1a was defined with single-crystal X-ray diffraction *** catalytic performance of these complexes towards 2-vinylpyridine polymerization was investigated,where these complexes alone can efficiently promote the polymerization of 2-vinylpyridine giving isotactic poly(2-vinylpyridine).Upon the activation with[Ph_(3)C][B(C_(6)F_(5))_(4)],the yttrium and lutetium complexes also afford isotactic poly(2-vinylpyridine),while the scandium complexes produce syndiotactic poly(2-vinylpyridine).

关键词： Rare-earth metal Constrained-geometry complex 2-Vinylpyridine Stereoselective polymerization

Synthesis of silica powder with high pore volume by skeleton reinforcement

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第2期35卷 219-226页

作者： Hongwei Shan Xiaodong Zhou hao jiang Yanjie Hu Haibo jiang Chunzhong Li Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science&TechnologyShanghai 200237China School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science&TechnologyShanghai 200237China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science&TechnologyShanghai 200237China

In this paper,a method composed of gelation of basic skeleton(first step)and skeleton reinforcement process(second step)was introduced to synthesize silica powder with high pore volume through the reaction between water glass and sulfuric *** organic solvents were involved in the entire preparation process and the final product was collected by spray *** effect of concentration of base solution,gelation point p H value and skeleton reinforcement time on the BET specific surface area and pore volume of the prepared silica powder were investigated *** results show that,a basic skeleton with good dispersibility and high porosity was obtained when the concentration of base solution was 0.1 mol·L^(-1) and the gelation p H value reached *** the basic skeleton grew into a more uniform porous structure after 30 min skeleton *** these optimum conditions,silica powder prepared by skeleton reinforcement method had a BET specific surface area of 358.0 m^(2)·g^(-1),and its pore volume reached 2.18 cm^(3)·g^(-1),which was much higher than that of prepared by skeleton-free method(1.62 cm^(3)·g^(-1))and by direct gelation method(0.31 cm^(3)·g^(-1)).

关键词： Water glass Silica powder High pore volume Skeleton reinforcement Spray drying