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Status and distribution of ungulates in Xinjiang,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2011年第1期3卷 49-60页

作者： XingYi GAO WenXuan XU WeiKang YANG David A BLANK jianfang qiao KeFen XU Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Acad- emy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Institute of Zoology Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences Almaty 050010 Kazakhstan

Based on a long-term field investigation and other research results, we reviewed the status and distribution of ungulates in Xinjiang, China. The ungulates in Xinjiang included 19 ungulate species （30 subspecies） from 6 families and 2 orders. Among them, 3 species （2 subspecies） relate to Equidae （Per- risodactyla）, and 16 species （28 subspecies） are from 5 families of Artiodactyla. In this paper, we analyzed the conservation status of most rare and important 13 ungulate species. Firstly, we proposed the protec- tion of genetic diversity of Camelus ferus and the distribution areas of Moschus sifanicus, Procapra przewalskii and Saiga tatarica in Xinjiang. We found that Moschus sifanicus but not Procapra przewalskii distributed in Xinjiang. It was not clear whether the remnant populations of Saiga tatarica existed in Xinjiang and China-Kazakhstan border or not. We discussed that the protection level and rational use of Capra si- birica and enhancing protection level and enlarging monitoring and research projects for Pantholops hodgsoni and Gazella subgutturosa. And we would like to suggest Forestry Department to develop the captive breeding of Tibetan antelope for rational use. In addition, the captive breeding of Cervus elaphus in Xinjiang was reviewed. Local government should lessen strong control to Cervus elaphus because of many breeding centers＇ establishment.

关键词： Xinjiang of China ungulate species and distribution status

Distribution and status of bustards in China

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Frontiers in Biology 2008年第4期3卷 385-391页

作者： Xingyi GAO Weikang YANG jianfang qiao Jun YAO Kefen XU Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China

This article presents the distribution and status of bustards,which are listed as first-category protected animals according to the survey results during 1990–2002 in *** Chinese populations of Otis tarda dybowskii are breeding in south-west of Heilongjiang Province,western Jilin Province,east and middle Inner Mongolia,north Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,and Gansu Province.A few can winter in the south *** winterrange lies from the south to the Yellow River,as far as to Guizhou Province and Jiangxi *** population number is about 200–300 or 500–*** Chinese populations of *** are breeding in the north and west of *** is unclear about its winter-range,which is presumed to be in south *** we found individuals wintering in Chabuchaer and west *** population number is about 2000–*** habitat in breeding range includes steppe,grassland,desert grassland,and *** habitat in winter range is the beach of rivers and lakes,meadows,meadow-grassland,and *** Chinese populations of Chlamydotis undulata macqueeni are breeding in the fringe of the Jungar Basin,the banks of the Ulungur River,Balikun and south Turpan Basin in Xinjiang,west Inner Mongolia,and west *** Mulei in eastern Jungar Basin of Xinjiang is the main breeding-range in the *** bird uses desert and desert grassland as its *** winter-range is west Asia and south *** population number is about *** Chinese populations of Tetrax tetrax are breeding in north Xinjiang,and China is located on the east border of its *** habitat is grassland and semi-desert,and its winter-range lies in south *** population in China is very *** addition,we analyzed the causes of their endangerment and put forward protection tactics of Chinese Bustards.

关键词： Great Bustard(Otis tarda) Houbara Bustard(Chlamydotis undulata) Little Bustard(Tetrax tetrax) distribution status

Effects of Firing and Operating Atmospheres on Microstructure and Properties of Phosphate Bonded Cr_2O_3-Al_2O_3-ZrO_2 Bricks

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China's Refractories 2016年第2期25卷 35-42页

作者： BIE Chuanyu SANG Shaobai LI Yawei XU Yibiao qiao jianfang FANG Mingwei The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and Technology

The microstructure and properties of phosphate bonded Cr2O3 - -Al2O3 - ZrO2 specimens fired in air or coke bed were investigated firstly. Then property change of the Cr2 O3 - Al2 O3 - ZrO2 bricks after secondary treat- ment in simulation environment was studied. Finally, corrosion resistances of the Cr2 O3 - Al2 O3 - ZrO2 bricks in air and simulation environment were compared; and microstructure of on-site used Cr2O3 - Al2O3 - ZrO2 bricks in slagging gasifiers was analyzed. The results show that the atmosphere has significant effect on the mi- crostructure and properties of the phosphate bonded Cr2O3 -Al2O3 -ZrO2 bricks. As the specimens are fired in air, the phosphate forms a composite solid solution with Cr2 O3 and Al2 O3, therefore, strength of the speci- mens is enhanced. For specimens fired in coke bed, a certain amount of gases are generated owing to the re- duction of phosphate and part of Cr2 O3, which results in the increasing number and size of the pores, bad interfa- cial bonding between Cr2O3 aggregates and matrix as well as low strength of the specimens. During service process in reducing atmosphere, the phosphate binder and part of Cr2O3 in edge of the specimens are also re- duced, leading to significant increase of number and size of the pores in the edge of the specimens; as a result, inreducing atmosphere, the specimens show much worse corrosion resistance than in air.

关键词： chrome oxide -alumina- zirconia bricks phosphate bonded pore structure corrosion resistance

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乌兹别克斯坦可再生能源现状及中乌合作建议

干旱区地理 2022年第4期45卷 1313-1319页

作者：叶小伟乔建芳中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所新疆乌鲁木齐830011 新疆维吾尔自治区科技发展战略研究院新疆乌鲁木齐830011

乌兹别克斯坦是位于中亚腹地的“双内陆国”,是古代丝绸之路沿线的重要国家之一。针对“一带一路”倡议实施框架内中国与乌兹别克斯坦在可再生能源领域合作的需要,利用文献、数据等分析法,从太阳能、水能、风能、地热能、沼气能等可再... 详细信息

乌兹别克斯坦是位于中亚腹地的“双内陆国”,是古代丝绸之路沿线的重要国家之一。针对“一带一路”倡议实施框架内中国与乌兹别克斯坦在可再生能源领域合作的需要,利用文献、数据等分析法,从太阳能、水能、风能、地热能、沼气能等可再生能源的发展现状、国家发展规划、优惠激励措施和可再生能源领域的最新投资项目等角度,对乌兹别克斯坦可再生能源发展总体情况和需求进行了分析。结果表明:乌兹别克斯坦拥有良好的可再生资源条件,未来可再生能源利用比例也将逐渐提高。近年来,乌兹别克斯坦政府高度重视可再生能源发展,接连出台有关政策,大力推进可再生能源发电项目建设,以期实现能源多样化。中乌可再生能源利用领域合作前景广阔,双方在人才、技术、资金、设备等方面合作空间巨大,在提高可再生能源利用效率、发展绿色经济和开展低碳能源合作领域将大有作为。

关键词：可再生能源中乌合作建议乌兹别克斯坦

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卡拉麦里山自然保护区蒙古野驴的食性

兽类学报 2009年第4期29卷 427-431页

作者：徐文轩杨维康乔建芳中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所乌鲁木齐830011 中国科学院研究生院北京100049

We quantified food habits of Kulan(Equus hemionus hemionus) at Kalamaili Mountain Nature Reserve(KNR) in northern Xinjiang,September 2006-August 2007,using faecal microscopic methods. We identified 46 plant species in Kulan fecal samples,representing 17 families. Diets veried seasonally:in autumn,we documented 25 plant species from 8 families consumed by Kulans;in winter,Kulan consumed 13 plant species from 5 families;30 plant species from 14 families were used by Kulan in spring;and 26 plant species from 13 families were used by Kulan in summer. Chenopodiaceae and Gramineae were major foods of Kulan,comprising 64.7%-84.1% of their diet,and forbs were very important to Kulan in *** glareosa was a major food of Kulan in spring and summer,of lesser but significant importance were Haloxylon ammodendron and Ceratoides latens. Similar to the summer,grasses like Stipa glareosa also played an important role in autumn,but shrubs became of more importance. In winter,Anabasis spp. and Reaumuria soongonica were the major food of Kulan. We believe that the Kulan in KNR occupied a grazer-mixed feeder continuum,and the change of the Kulan food habits through the year were due to the seasonal changes in plant nutrient quality and human interferences. Anabasis spp.,which played a major role in winter,was utilized as a strategy for energy metabolism.

关键词：蒙古野驴粪便显微分析食性卡拉麦里山

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新疆准噶尔盆地东部鹅喉羚采食地的特征

兽类学报 2005年第4期25卷 355-360页

作者：杨维康乔建芳姚军高行宜中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所乌鲁木齐830011

2001～2003年5月和9月,通过野外直接观察采样的方法,我们对新疆准噶尔盆地东部木垒地区鹅喉羚的采食地进行了研究.在研究区南部,分布着以盐生假木贼和蒿为主的低矮小半灌木,其间散布有木本猪毛菜和驼绒藜为优势种的条块状高灌丛.鹅喉羚... 详细信息

2001～2003年5月和9月,通过野外直接观察采样的方法,我们对新疆准噶尔盆地东部木垒地区鹅喉羚的采食地进行了研究.在研究区南部,分布着以盐生假木贼和蒿为主的低矮小半灌木,其间散布有木本猪毛菜和驼绒藜为优势种的条块状高灌丛.鹅喉羚多在灌丛块中采食.Mann-Whitney U检验表明,采食地内的植物种数、植被盖度和植被高度都显著高于对照地中相应成分.主成分分析表明,影响鹅喉羚采食地选择的主要环境因子是植物种数和植被盖度.在研究区北部,分布着以沙生针茅和木地肤为主的植被,其间散布有固定和半固定沙丘.沙丘上各种灌木发育较好,鹅喉羚多在沙丘上觅食.Mann-Whitney U检验表明,采食地内的植物种数、植被盖度、植被高度,以及蛇麻黄、木地肤和驼绒藜的盖度都显著高于对照地中相应成分.主成分分析表明,影响鹅喉羚采食地选择的主要环境因子是蛇麻黄、木地肤、扁果木蓼盖度和植物种数.

关键词：鹅喉羚采食地主成分分析

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新疆北部鹅喉羚的食性分析

兽类学报 2008年第3期28卷 280-286页

作者：徐文轩乔建芳刘伟杨维康中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所

2006年10月至2007年8月,作者采用粪便显微分析法研究了新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类保护区鹅喉羚的四季食性以及冬季绵羊的食性。结果发现：鹅喉羚共采食16科47种植物;不同季节间鹅喉羚食性有明显变化,秋季采食7科24种植物,冬季采食6科17种植物... 详细信息

2006年10月至2007年8月,作者采用粪便显微分析法研究了新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类保护区鹅喉羚的四季食性以及冬季绵羊的食性。结果发现：鹅喉羚共采食16科47种植物;不同季节间鹅喉羚食性有明显变化,秋季采食7科24种植物,冬季采食6科17种植物,春季采食16科41种植物,夏季采食12科30种植物;藜科、禾本科植物是鹅喉羚全年的主要食物来源,占鹅喉羚总采食量的38.8~85.1%,非禾本科草本植物也在鹅喉羚食物组成中占有重要地位;春季短命和类短命植物对鹅喉羚有重要意义,占春季采食量的27%。针茅在四季都是鹅喉羚采食的主要植物;春季和夏季鹅喉羚采食较多的驼绒藜,秋季和冬季梭梭被较多采食。由于干旱胁迫,春季、夏季和秋季鹅喉羚喜食含水量较高的多根葱、骆驼蹄瓣、粗枝猪毛菜等非禾本科草本植物。冬季鹅喉羚与绵羊间的生态位宽度相近,食物重叠指数高达76.6%,绵羊与鹅喉羚之间食物竞争明显。

关键词：鹅喉羚粪便显微分析食性食物重叠种间竞争

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新疆卡拉麦里山保护区鹅喉羚的社群结构

兽类学报 2008年第4期28卷 353-357页

作者：乔建芳杨维康徐文轩刘伟中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所乌鲁木齐830011 中国科学院研究生院北京100049

2005年11月至2007年5月,在新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类保护区对鹅喉羚的社群结构进行了初步研究。将其集群划分为雌性群、雄性群、亚成体群、独羚、雌雄混合群和不明群6种类型。共统计鹅喉羚564群,总计3186只。春季鹅喉羚以雄性群居多（45.7%... 详细信息

2005年11月至2007年5月,在新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类保护区对鹅喉羚的社群结构进行了初步研究。将其集群划分为雌性群、雄性群、亚成体群、独羚、雌雄混合群和不明群6种类型。共统计鹅喉羚564群,总计3186只。春季鹅喉羚以雄性群居多（45.7%）;夏秋两季则以雌性群为主（52.9%和70.4%）;冬季以混合群居多（60%）。卡方独立性检验表明,四个季节间三种社群类型的百分比组成差异显著（x^2=68.45,P〈0.01）,受繁殖周期和季节变化影响。鹅喉羚集群大小范围为1-95只,其中3只群出现最多（20.0%）;2-5只的群占54.3%;6-10只的群占23.1%;11-20只的群占9.2%;〉20只的群占2.3%。春夏秋冬四季平均群大小分别为（4.45±4.07;4.94±4.20;6.66±10.12;6.0±5.66）,其中春季平均集群大小分别与秋季和冬季差异显著。

关键词：鹅喉羚社群集群大小社群类型卡拉麦里山

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不同季节鹅喉羚昼间行为时间分配特征

兽类学报 2010年第2期30卷 144-150页

作者：夏参军徐文轩乔建芳杨维康刘伟中国科学院干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所乌鲁木齐830011 中国科学院研究生院北京100049

2007年11月至2008年10月在新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物保护区研究了鹅喉羚的昼间行为时间分配,共观察鹅喉羚有效个体1917只,采集行为数据时间319.5h,将鹅喉羚的昼间行为分为采食、移动、警戒、休息和"其它"5类。结果表明:春季雌性5种... 详细信息

2007年11月至2008年10月在新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物保护区研究了鹅喉羚的昼间行为时间分配,共观察鹅喉羚有效个体1917只,采集行为数据时间319.5h,将鹅喉羚的昼间行为分为采食、移动、警戒、休息和"其它"5类。结果表明:春季雌性5种行为分配时间所占比例分别为67.5%、2.5%、2.7%、25.9%、1.4%,雄性分别为63.5%、3.4%、4.3%、27.5%、1.3%;夏季,雌性:43.7%、7.7%、5.6%、42.1%、1.0%;雄性:51.9%、1.7%、3.1%、41.4%、1.9%;秋季,雌性:66.3%、5.1%、4.3%、23.6%、0.7%;雄性:68.9%、6.0%、4.2%、20.7%、0.3%;冬季,雌性:68.0%、5.0%、7.0%、19.6%、0.4%;雄性:29.6%、20.6%、19.2%、29.3%、1.3%。采用卡方检验、秩和检验、方差分析比较同季节不同性别各自行为时间分配、同季节雌雄间行为时间分配、同性别不同季节的行为时间分配。结果表明:四季中雌雄各自5种行为的时间分配均存在显著差异(P>0.05);比较两性间行为时间分配发现,在春夏季,雌雄间各行为时间分配无差异(P>0.05),秋季移动差异显著(P<0.05),而冬季5种行为间均差异显著(P<0.05);季节因素对雌雄行为时间分配的影响显著。鹅喉羚以特定的行为时间分配模式适应季节更替或变化的生理周期,如温度、性别、水分状况、繁殖期、哺乳期等,满足能量及营养需求。

关键词：鹅喉羚季节昼间行为时间分配