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The Cosine-Shaped Pattern of Innovations and Technological Advantages： Theory and Evidence

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2013年第4期8卷 476-489页

作者： jiandong ju Xuebing Yang Center for International Economic Research School of Economics and Management TsinghuaUniversity Beijing 100084 China Department of Economics University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 USA Division of Business and Engineering Pennsylvania State University at Altoona Altoona PA 16601 USA

Using data from 24 OECD countries, we find that the relationship between a country＇s R＆D investment and technological advantage in a sector （measured by the country＇s labor productivity of the sector relative to the rest of the world） is non-monotonic. In particular, for countries whose technology levels are much lower or higher than the rest of the world in a sector, their sectoral R＆D investment declines as their advantages in the sector improve; for counties with middle technology levels, the opposite is true. Extending the Eaton and Kortum framework, we develop a static model to theoretically analyze the relationship between R＆D investment and technological advantages. We show that when the research efficiency in a sector is sufficiently elastic with respect to the sectoral technological advantage, a country＇s R＆D investment increases with its technological advantage, and vice versa.

关键词： R＆D patterns trade technological advantage

China＇s Opening up after 40 Years： Standing at a Historic Turning Point

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China & World Economy 2018年第2期26卷 23-49页

作者： jiandong ju Xinding Yu jiandong ju Professor PBC School of Finance Tsinghua University China Associate Professor School of International Trade and Economics University of International Business and Economics China

This paper comprehensively reviews China＇s openness since 1978 from three aspects： trade, foreign investment and global production sharing. We point out that the economic development of China is now standing at a historic turning point. Specifically, economic changes in China are discassed from four dimensions：（i） from China being a world assembly line to a world manufacturing powerhouse; （ii） from China being a world capital receiver to a world investor; （iii） from China being a world factory to a world market; and （iv） from the situation of ＂made in China＂ to ＂innovated in China.＂ At the same time, the global economic system has also reached a turning point. A ＂North America-Europe-Asia ＂ tri-polar system has formed, in which the USA, Germany and China, respectively, serve as the regional core economies.

关键词： foreign direct investment global production sharing reform and opening-up policy trade turning point

A Solution to Two Paradoxes of International Capital Flows

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Economic and Political Studies 2014年第1期2卷 3-43页

作者： jiandong ju SHANG-JIN WEI the Center for International Economic Research (CIER) at Tsinghua University and University of Oklahoma the Columbia Business School Center for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)CIERand National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

International capital flows from rich to poor countries can be regarded as either too small(the Lucas paradox in a one-sector model)or too large(when compared with the logic of factor price equalization in a two-sector model).To resolve the paradoxes,we introduce a non-neoclassical model which features financial contracts and firm heterogeneity.In our model,free trade in goods does not imply equal returns to capital across countries.In addition,rich patterns of gross capital flows emerge as a function of financial and property rights institutions.A poor country with an inefficient financial system may simultaneously experience an outflow of financial capital but an inflow of FDI,resulting in a small net flow.In comparison,a country with a low capital-to-labor ratio but a high risk of expropriation may experience an outflow of financial capital without a compensating inflow of FDI.

关键词： capital bypass circulation expropriation risk gros

Nonlinear Capital Flow Tax: Capital Flow Management and Financial Crisis Prevention in China

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China & World Economy 2019年第4期27卷 1-28页

作者： jiandong ju Li Li Guangyu Nie Kang Shi Shang-Jin Wei PBC School of Finance Tsinghua University China Jinan University-University of Birmingham Joint Institute China College of Business Shanghai University of Finance and Economics China Department of Economics The Chinese University of Hong Kong China Business School Columbia University USA

How to promote capital account liberalization while preventing financial crises is a challenging task for policymakers. This study proposes a nonlinear (progressive) capital flow tax as a solution. We first demonstrate that the collateral requirement of international borrowing can give rise to multiple equilibria and self-fulfilling financial crises. We then show that the crisis equilibrium characterized by large exchange rate depreciation, capital flight and welfare loss can be eliminated by imposing a nonlinear (progressive) tax scheme on capital outflows with the marginal tax rate increasing with the size of individual capital outflows. The implementation of such a tax scheme in China is also discussed.

关键词： capital account openness financial crisis nonlinear capital flow tax

生物接触氧化耦合生物活性炭工艺处理高盐污水实验总结

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炼油技术与工程 2024年第1期54卷 46-50页

作者：杨菊胡建东王刚高会杰中国石油化工股份有限公司茂名分公司广东省茂名市525011 中石化洛阳工程有限公司河南省洛阳市471003 中石化(大连)石油化工研究院有限公司辽宁省大连市116045

针对炼化企业废水盐含量高、稳定达标处理难、能耗高等问题,提出了生物接触氧化-生物活性炭工艺。通过梯度提高进水盐含量的方法成功驯化出耐盐菌,启动了生物接触氧化单元,池中生物挂膜良好,脱氮除碳效果显著,出水COD(化学需氧量)可稳... 详细信息

针对炼化企业废水盐含量高、稳定达标处理难、能耗高等问题,提出了生物接触氧化-生物活性炭工艺。通过梯度提高进水盐含量的方法成功驯化出耐盐菌,启动了生物接触氧化单元,池中生物挂膜良好,脱氮除碳效果显著,出水COD(化学需氧量)可稳定控制在90 mg/L以下,总氮在15 mg/L以下。菌群分析结果表明,在高盐含量(高盐)废水环境中,接触氧化单元生物膜中菌群数量和多样性较接种污泥发生明显改变,主要功能菌为Thiovirga、Thauera、Flavobacterium、Gemmobacter、Hydrogenophaga等。在生物活性炭单元,通过耐盐高效菌剂与活性炭的有机结合,提高了该单元对进水COD波动的抗冲击能力,活性炭表面形成生物膜,系统运行稳定,可控制出水COD基本在60 mg/L以下,氨氮质量浓度在2 mg/L以下,总氮在15 mg/L以下。全流程以生物降解为核心,工艺流程短、运行成本低,为高盐污水的稳定达标处理提供了技术支撑。

关键词：生物接触氧化生物活性炭炼化高盐污水菌群结构 COD 氨氮总氮填料挂膜

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凉感抗菌锦纶弹力面料的设计与生产

中国纤检 2024年第1期 100-103页

作者：徐建东居海滨南通市纤维检验所江苏南通226007 南通纺织丝绸产业技术研究院江苏南通226007

通过精选原料、设计色纱排列,优化整经、织造、整理等工艺,开发了一种凉感抗菌锦纶弹力面料,其凉感功能包括凉快和干爽。经纱选用既有触体凉感又同时具有高导热性的凉感锦纶纤维,纬纱选用抗菌锦纶包氨纶丝,提高面料热舒适性,纤维截面选... 详细信息

通过精选原料、设计色纱排列,优化整经、织造、整理等工艺,开发了一种凉感抗菌锦纶弹力面料,其凉感功能包括凉快和干爽。经纱选用既有触体凉感又同时具有高导热性的凉感锦纶纤维,纬纱选用抗菌锦纶包氨纶丝,提高面料热舒适性,纤维截面选用十字形结构,便于排湿导汗;加捻定型后,提高棉型感;整经张力均匀、织造采用小隔距、大气压、迟开口工艺增加纹路清晰,提高引纬效率;面料具有凉感抗菌、亲肤柔软,纬向弹力伸展自如的特点。

关键词：凉感抗菌排湿导汗亲肤柔软

Modified-starch Consolidation of Alumina Ceramics

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2008年第4期23卷 558-561页

作者： ju Chenhui WANG Yanmin YE jiandong HUANG Yun Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Materials of Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China School of Light Industry and Food Science South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China

The alumina ceramics with the homogeneous microstructure and the higher density were fabricated via the modified-starch consolidation process by 1.0 wt% of a modified starch as a consolidator/ binder. The swelling behavior of the modified oxidized tapioca starch was analyzed by optical microscope, and two other corn starches （common corn starch and high amylose corn starch） were also analyzed for comparison. The modified starch used as a binder for the consolidation swelled at about 55 ℃, began to gelatinize at 65 ℃ and then was completely gelatinized at 75 ℃. But the corn starches could not be completely gelatinized even at 80 ℃ for 1 h. The high-strength green bodies （10.6 MPa） with the complex shapes were produced. The green bodies were sintered without any binder burnout procedure at 1 700 ℃ and a relative density of 95.3% was obtained for the sintered bodies, which is similar to that of the sintered sample formed by conventional slip casting. In addition, the effect of temperature on the apparent viscosity of the starch/alumina slurry in the process was investigated, and the corresponding mechanism for the starch consolidation was discussed.

关键词： oxidized starch gelation alumina ceramic starch consolidation

新新经济地理学多地区异质结构的量化分析:文献综述

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世界经济 2019年第9期42卷 3-26页

作者：鞠建东陈骁清华大学五道口金融学院对外经济贸易大学国际经济贸易学院 100029

近年来由于新新贸易理论的发展,人们得以建立多地区异质性企业模型,从理论上研究产品、要素以及技术在地区间的流动摩擦对经济活动的影响,并结合现实数据做出更准确的量化估计,从而形成一个新的经济学研究方向:新新经济地理学。本文通... 详细信息

近年来由于新新贸易理论的发展,人们得以建立多地区异质性企业模型,从理论上研究产品、要素以及技术在地区间的流动摩擦对经济活动的影响,并结合现实数据做出更准确的量化估计,从而形成一个新的经济学研究方向:新新经济地理学。本文通过梳理发现,新新经济地理学相关文献基本是在Eaton和Kortum(2002)多地区模型的生产和市场结构两个设定基础上进行延展,从而与生产网络、市场结构、全球价值链、人口流动、空间规划、搜寻摩擦以及动态决策等领域产生联系,拓宽了经济运行的解释渠道和政策制定的工具空间。我们试图归纳出新新经济地理学在各方向的发展脉络,并展望未来可能的研究方向。

关键词：新新经济地理学多地区异质性模型国际贸易理论

IPCC AR6粮食系统的影响与适应的新认知和新趋势

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大气科学学报 2022年第4期45卷 481-488页

作者：居辉袁佳双张馨月刘忠伟王建东中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所北京100081 农业农村部农业环境重点实验室北京100081 中国气象局国家气候中心北京100081

解读政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)第六次评估报告(AR6)粮食系统的影响与适应,对科学认识国际气候变化对农业影响学科前沿动态具有重要意义。最新发布的IPCC AR6在深化阐述粮食生产能力、种植布局、病虫害影响的基础上,高度确信人类... 详细信息

解读政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)第六次评估报告(AR6)粮食系统的影响与适应,对科学认识国际气候变化对农业影响学科前沿动态具有重要意义。最新发布的IPCC AR6在深化阐述粮食生产能力、种植布局、病虫害影响的基础上,高度确信人类活动导致的气候变暖对粮食系统产生了负面影响,论述了粮食运输及消费中的气候风险,解析了粮食生产-存储-运输-消费的全链条气候变化影响,延展了影响评估归因内容并丰富了农业环境影响等相关科学认识。对于粮食系统的适应能力,强调适应及减缓协同发展的气候恢复力发展路径,适应评估从适应能力、适应方式等理论逐步转向适应实施行动和成效评估,并注重适应行动的区域特异性和有效性。本次评估强调了气候变化对作物影响的检测和归因、关注了气候和农业环境变化复合影响、倡导基于生态系统的适应方案和技术,评估了现有适应技术的可行性和成效。报告内容对中国强化农业影响评估能力及把握国际学科动态具有参考价值。

关键词： IPCC AR6 粮食系统影响适应新认知新趋势