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Lost in transition： Forest transition and natural forest loss in tropical China

Plant Diversity 2017年第3期39卷 149-153页

作者： Deli Zhai Jianchu Xu Zhicong Dai Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt Centre for Mountain Ecosystem Studies (CMES) Kunming Institute of Botuny (CAS) Lanhei Road 132 Kunming 650201 China World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Central and East Asia Office Lanhei Road132 Kunming 650201 China Instituteof-Environment and Ecology School of the Environment and Safety Engineering fiangsu University No. 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang 212013 China Mountain Societies Research Institute University of Central Asia 138 Toktogul Street Bishkek 720001 Kyrgyzstan

The term forest transition refers to a change in forest cover over a given area from a period of net forest area loss to a period of net gain. Whether transitioning from deforestation to reforestation can lead to improved ecosystem services, depends on the quality and characteristics of the newly established forest cover. Using publicly available data, we examine forest transition in two regions of tropical China: Hainan Island and Xishuangbanna. We found that the overall increase of forest cover in both areas during the1980 s was due to an increase in plantation forests rather than to increases in the area covered by natural forest. We also found a time lag between the increase in overall forest cover and an increase in natural forest. On Hainan Island, natural forest continued to decline beyond the point in time when overall forest cover had started to increase, and only began to recover ten years after the turning point in 1978. In Xishuangbanna, where the transition point occurred ten years later, the decline of natural forest cover is still going on. These divergent trends underlying forest transition are concealed by the continued practice to apply the term "forest" broadly, without distinguishing between natural forests and planted forests.Due to the use of undiscriminating terminology, the loss of natural forest may go unnoticed, increasing the risk of plantation forests displacing natural forests in the course of forest transition. Our findings are important for programs related to forest management and ecosystem services improvement, including reforestation and Payments for Ecosystem Services programs.

关键词： Deforestation Forest transition Rubber plantation Time lag Tropical China

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Current re-vegetation patterns and restoration issues in degraded geological phosphorus-rich mountain areas:A synthetic analysis of Central Yunnan, SW China

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Plant Diversity 2017年第3期39卷 140-148页

作者： Kai Yan Sailesh Ranjitkar Deli Zhai Yunju Li Jianchu Xu Bo Li Yang Lu Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences World Agroforestry Center ICRAF East and Central Asia The State Phosphorus Resource Development and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Centre Yunnan Phosphate Chemical Group Co. Ltd College of Resource and Environment Yunnan Agricultural University

China has the largest area of inland geological phosphorus-rich(GPR) mountains in the world, where vegetation restoration is key to safeguarding the environment. We reviewed the published literature and collected new data in order to analyze re-vegetation patterns and the status of plant communities in central Yunnan. The aim of our analysis was to suggest future improvements to restoration strategies in GPR mountain regions. Our results showed that spontaneous recovery was the most widespread type of restoration. N-fixing species such as Coriaria nepalensis and Alnus nepalensis play a vital role in succession. In the past, monoculture tree plantation was the primary method used in afforestation activities in central Yunnan; in recent years however, several different methods of restoration have been introduced including the use of agroforestry systems. For practical restoration, we found that spontaneous recovery was capable of delivering the best results, but that during its early stages, restoration results were affected by several factors including erosion risk, the origin of propagates and environmental variation. In contrast, methods employing human-made communities performed better in their early stages, but were constrained by higher costs and vulnerability to degradation and erosion. The use of N-fixing species such as A. nepalensis and Acacia mearnsii in plantations were unsuccessful in restoring full ecosystem functions. The success of restoration activities in GPR mountain regions could be improved through the following measures:(1) developing a better understanding of the respective advantages and disadvantages of current natural and human-engineered restoration approaches;(2) elucidating the feedback mechanism between phosphorus-rich soil and species selected for restoration, especially N-fixing species;(3) introducing market incentives aimed at encouraging specific restoration activities such as agroforestry, and improving the industry value chain.

关键词： Systematic review Dianchi Lake Fuxian Lake Natural restoration Human engineered restoration Floristic similarity

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Nutrient value of wild fodder species and the implications for improving the diet of mithun (Bos frontalis) in Dulongjiang area, Yunnan Province, China

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Plant Diversity 2020年第6期42卷 455-463页

作者： Yanfei Geng Sailesh Ranjitkar Qiaoshun Yan Zhijun He Baqi Su Shengtao Gao Junli Niu Dengpan Bu Jianchu Xu College of Tea Science Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China CAAS-ICRAF Joint Lab on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry World AgroforestryEast and Central AsiaBeijing 100193China NGene Solutions of Natural InnovationKathmanduGPO 44614Nepal Mid-Western University Faculty of Humanities and Social ScienceNaya BatoLalitpur 44600Nepal Agriculture Bureau of Gongshan Derung and Nu Autonomous County Nujiang 673500China State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China College of Animal Science and Technology Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832003China Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety CICAPSChangsha 410128China World Agroforestry East and Central AsiaKunming 650201China

Wild fodder plants are valuable because they provide an important livestock feed resource globally,especially for smallholder farmers,and have important roles in natural resource management.In-depth knowledge of wild forage plants can motivate local people for feed resource and habitat conservation of threatened herbivores such as Mithun(Bos frontalis).Mithun occur in small patches in the mountains of Dulongjiang,nearby villagers domesticated this animal but left animal to freely graze in the mountains.Many fodder plants occur in these mountains,however,little is known about their nutritional value.We conducted an ethnobotanical survey to document important wild fodder plants consumed by mithun in the Dulongjiang Township.The nutritional content of 21 highly mentioned wild fodder plants in an ethnobotanical survey was examined.Laboratory analysis showed that Fagopyrum dibotrys were the fodder species with the highest crude protein(CP)content(26.89%),followed by Polygonum molle(21.88%)and Hydrangea longipes(21.12%).Synthesis of relative feed value index and grey relational grade,P.molle,H.longipes and Tetrastigma obtectum were ranked the top three nutritional fodders.There was a significant difference between 21 species on their in vitro digestibility and the most highly digestible fodder species was Elatostema hookerianum.Linear model analysis on relationship between frequency of citation of 21 wild forage plants by local farmers and their nutrient composition showed that the frequency was significantly positively correlated with the nutritional value of the feed(R2?0.28,P<0.05).We concluded that these species have high nutritional values to improve mithun production in integrated crop-livestock systems.Fodder species or mixtures of species with useful nutritional characters could be cultivated to improve livestock productivity,habitat conservation including that of mithun and wild forage resource management.

关键词： Wild fodder species Nutritional value Mithun Nature conservation

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Insights into contrast-enhanced ultrasound features of non-tumorous hepatic vascular malformations

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Gastroenterology Report 2023年第1期11卷 539-541页

作者： Tianjiao Chen Ke Lv Liang Wang Zhonghui xu Liang Zhu Jing Zhang Li Tan jianchu Li Yuxin Jiang Department of Ultrasound Peking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP.R.China Department of Radiology Peking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP.R.China

Introduction Contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)is widely used to evaluate focal hepatic lesions and can be used in patients with renal dysfunction or allergies to iodinated contrast medium.However,the number of studies on CEUS for evaluating hepatic vascular malformations(VMs)is limited,especially regarding its application in routine practice.Some patients who present with suspected focal hepatic lesions have hepatic VMs.The timely and non-invasive diagnosis of hepatic VMs can help guide appropriate treatment,such as interventional therapy or follow-up,to prevent the unnecessary waste of medical resources.This study aimed to discuss the CEUS features of non-tumorous hepatic VMs that can be used in clinical practice.Various hepatic VM diagnoses can be made depending on the different manifestations of hepatic VMs and enhancement of the liver parenchyma during CEUS.

关键词： hepatic routine diagnosis

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A New Record of Aspergillus vadensis (Ascomycota) Isolated from Soil in Yunnan Province,China

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第3期90卷 1031-1039页

作者： Sadia Nadir Sehroon Khan Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Saowaluck Tibpromma Shahid Iqbal Jianchu Xu Peter Mortimer CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming650201China Centre for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming654400China Department of Chemistry University of Science and TechnologyBannu28100Pakistan

During a survey of soil fungi in Yunnan Province,several isolates of Aspergillus were obtained.Based on morphology and molecular analyses of internal transcribed spacer regions and intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene(ITS),β-tubulin and calmodulin(CaM)genes sequences,two isolates were identified as Aspergillus vadensis(section Nigri).A phylogenetic tree,detailed descriptions,illustrations and scanned electron microscopy morphology are provided for the new isolates.This is the first record of A.vadensis from China.

关键词： Morphology phylogeny section Nigri soil fungi

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Morphology, Phylogeny and Culture Characteristics of Ganoderma gibbosum Collected from Kunming, Yunnan Province, China

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第3期89卷 743-764页

作者： Thatsanee Luangharn Samantha C.Karunarathna Peter E.Mortimer Kevin D.Hyde Jianchu Xu Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China East and Central Asia Regional Office World Agroforestry Centre(ICRAF)Kunming650201China Centre for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming650201China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai57100Thailand

Ganoderma is a genus of medicinally and economically important mushrooms in the family Ganodermataceae.Ganoderma species are popular medicinal mushrooms and their health benefits are well-documented.Ganoderma is a cosmopolitan genus that is widely distributed in both tropical and temperate regions.This genus is characterized by its unique laccate or non-laccate species with double-walled basidiospores.Here,we report on eight collections of G.gibbosum collected during surveys in Kunming,Yunnan Province,China.The specimens are described and illustrated based on macro-and micro-morphological characteristics.Total DNA of the eight G.gibbosum strains were extracted using the Biospin Fungal Extraction Kit following manufacturer protocol.Amplification of the Internal Transcribed Spacer(nrITS)region was carried out using ITS5/ITS4 primers and LROR/LR5 for the nuclear ribosomal large subunit 28S rDNA gene(LSU).Phylogenetic analysis with closely related species to G.gibbosum showed that all eight collections grouped with G.gibbosum with 100%bootstrap support.Phylogenetic similarity and morphological variations within the eight collections of G.gibbosum are discussed.

关键词： Chinese medicine medicinal mushroom morphology phylogeny

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A circular approach for sustainable agriculture and human health

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Circular Agricultural Systems 2021年第1期1卷 37-38页

作者： Jianchu Xu Center for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China CIFOR-ICRAF China Program World Agroforestry CentreKunming 650201China State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

In the 21st century,global food systems cannot remain stuck in the past.Agriculture currently contributes about one fourth of global greenhouse gas emissions and about half of all nutrient wastes annually[1].As the number of humans on the planet continues to grow,the effects of climate change will worsen and ecosystems will continue to deteriorate.Innovation in today’s agricultural food production systems is therefore urgently needed to increase crop and animal outputs,enhance dietary diversity and improve human health while conserving environments and sustaining natural resources and cultures.

关键词： annually continue circular

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A phylogenetic census of global diversity of gut anaerobic fungiand a new taxonomic framework

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Fungal Diversity 2018年第2期89卷 253-266页

作者： Shyam Sundar Paul Dengpan Bu Jianchu Xu Kevin D.Hyde Zhongtang Yu Department of Animal Sciences The Ohio State University2029 Fyffe CourtColumbusOH 43210USA ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes Sirsa RoadHisarHaryana 125001India State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China CAAS-ICRAF Joint Lab on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry World Agroforestry CentreEast and Central AsiaBeijing 100193China Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety CICAPSChangsha 410128China Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Center of Excellence in Fungal Diversity Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand

Obligate anaerobic fungi of the phylum Neocallimastigomycota play a key role in digesting fibrous feeds in the gut ofherbivores, but little is known about their global diversity. In this study, the collective diversity of gut anaerobic fungi wasexamined using all curated internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences of anaerobic gut fungi available in GenBank.The 262,770 quality-checked fungal ITS1 sequences downloaded from GenBank were assigned to 274 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the approximate species level. Of these approximate species-equivalent (Sp-eq) OTUs, 119 wererepresented by at least five ITS1 sequences, with 38 containing known species and 81 containing no known species. Basedon a rarefaction analysis, the currently available ITS1 sequences represent nearly all the major species of gut anaerobicfungi, but much more sequencing effort is needed to assess the actual richness of minor OTUs. One dataset of ITS1reference sequences (referred to as AF-RefSeq) and one comprehensive taxonomic framework are also presented, and theyare shown to be suitable for taxonomic classification of most of the ITS1 sequences in GenBank. The results of the presentstudy may help guide future studies involving taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis of ITS1 sequences of anaerobic fungiand targeted isolation and characterization of new anaerobic fungi.

关键词： Anaerobic fungi Global diversity ITS1 sequences Rumen Taxonomic framework

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Effects of vegetation type and soil horizon on soil bacterial and fungal communities in a dry–hot valley

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Circular Agricultural Systems 2021年第1期1卷 65-72页

作者： Lingling Shi Jianchu Xu Heng Gui Centre for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanPR China East and Central Asia World Agroforestry CentreKunming 650201YunnanPR China

Soil horizon and vegetation cover significantly impact the spatial patterns of soil fungal and bacterial communities.However,such impacts and their interactions are poorly characterized in dry–hot environments.Soil samples were collected from two soil horizons(humus and mineral)along a vegetation gradient(shrubland,grassland,and shrub–grass ecotone)in a dry-hot valley of Southwestern China to assess the effects of vegetation versus soil horizons on shaping soil microbial communities.We used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to estimate the microbial spatial pattern change across the vegetation gradients and clone libraries targeting small subunit rRNA genes to characterize the microbial community structures between distinct vegetation types and soil horizons.Bacterial DNA profile patterns were not significantly different across vegetation types but strongly correlated with soil horizons,with significant interaction effects.By contrast,fungi were remarkably different across vegetation types and soil horizons,without significant interactions effect.Distinct vegetation types did not necessarily harbor distinct bacterial or fungal community compositions.Rather,both community compositions were most strongly affected by the soil horizons.Together with these results,the soil vertical heterogeneity rather than vegetation changes is suggested to best predict shifts in soil microbial communities in this dry-hot valley area.

关键词： soil grassland horizon

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Climate change effects fruiting of the prize matsutake mushroom in China

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第5期56卷 189-198页

作者： xuefei Yang Eike Luedeling Guangli Chen Kevin D.Hyde Youji Yang Dequn Zhou Jianchu Xu Yongping Yang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnanPeople’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnanPeople’s Republic of China World Agroforestry Centre NairobiKenya Kunming University of Science and Technology KunmingPeople’s Republic of China Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research School of ScienceMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand College of Science Botany and Microbiology DepartmentKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 1145Saudi Arabia Haitang Village Baoshan PrefectureYunnan ProvinceChina Centre for Mountain Ecosystem Studies World Agroforestry CentreKunmingYunnanPeople’s Republic of China

Climate change affects various facets of life but there is little data on its effects on wild mushroom fruiting.Yunnan Province in China is a rich source of wild mushrooms and has experienced a temperature rise over recent decades.This has resulted in warmer temperatures but the impacts of these changes on mushroom production lack documentation.We collected data on the fruiting of the highly prized matsutake mushroom(Tricholoma matsutake)in West Yunnan,China over an 11 year period from 2000 to 2010.Fruiting phenology and productivity were compared against the driving meteorological variables using Projection to Latent Structure regression.The mushrooms appeared later in the season during the observation period,which is most likely explained by rising temperatures and reduced rain during May and June.High temperature and abundant rain in August resulted in good productivity.The climate response of matsutake production results from a sequence of processes that are possibly linked with regulatory signals and resource availability.To advance the knowledge of this complex system,a holistic research approach integrating biology,ecology,genetics,physiology,and phytochemistry is needed.Our results contribute to a general model of fungal ecology,which can be used to predict the responses of fungi to global climate change.

关键词： Fruiting Phenology Productivity Response Projection to Latent Structures regression Tricholoma matsutake Yunnan

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