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Recent area and ice volume change of Kangwure Glacier in the middle of Himalayas

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第20期55卷 2088-2096页

作者： MA LingLong TIAN LiDe pu jianchen WANG PengLing Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sci- ences Beijing 100085 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 China National Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China

This paper calculated and evaluated the area and ice volume changes of Kangwure Glacier in ***,middle of Himalayas in the past 3 decades,based on the field survey of glacier boundary position by differential GPS and glacier depth by Ground Penetrating Radar(GPR),together with the topographic map and remote sense *** studied data showed that the Kangwure Glacier has experienced significant mass deficit since the 1970s,with 34.2%of area loss,48.2%ofice volume loss and 7.5 m of average thickness *** result revealed that the ice volume loss of Himalayan glaciers was more serious than *** of meteorological data from two weather stations in the region of ***,shows that the air temperature of this region has risen from the middle of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st *** retreat of Himalayas glacier driven by climatic warming will have a remarkable impact on hydrology and ecosystem.

关键词：喜马拉雅山冰川变化冰川面积冰量差分GPS 地质雷达探地雷达遥感数据

A new type of ice formation zone found in the Himalayas

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第5期44卷 469-474页

作者： Tandong Yao jianchen pu Ninlian Wang Lide Tian Chinese Acad Sci Lanzhou Inst Glaciol & Geocryol Lab Ice Core & Cold Reg Environm Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China

Ice formation was studied on the Dasuopu Glacier located in the Mount Xixabangma (28°23’ N, 85°43’E) in the Himalayas. Snow pits and shallow ice cores are analyzed to reveal ice formation process. The results show that the ice formation process, or in other words, the process of densitification, on the col (7 000 m a.s.l. ) of the Dasuopu Glacier is a stable, slow and gradual process. The snow-ice transformation on the glacier is estimated to be 30—40 m below the surface. The temperature on the Dasuopu Glacier is very low (～ - 14℃ at 10 m) and similar to that in polar type ice cap. We,therefore, speculate that the process of snow-ice transformation is undertaken under snow pressure,and that there is a percolation zone on the Dasuopu Glacier. The high altitude of the col and monsoon snow fall accompnied by heavy cloud and high albedo favorite the percolation zone formation.

关键词： ice formation glacial accumulation Dasuopu Glacier.

Response of monsoon vari-ability in Himalayas to global warming

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第21期47卷 1842-1845页

作者： DUAN Keqin YAO Tandong pu jianchen SUN Weizhen Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Reconstructed annual net accumulation from the Dasuopu ice core recovered in Himalayas, with a good correlation to Indian monsoon, reflects a major precipitation trend in central Himalayas. The Dasuopu accumulation (DSP An) also shows a strong correlation to the Northern Hemispheric temperature. Generally, as the Northern Hemispheric temperature increases by 0.1 K, the accumulation decreases by about 90 mm and vise versa. Under the condition of global warming, especially since 1920, the Northern Hemispheric mean temperature has increased by about 0.5 K, whereas accumulation in Dasuopu ice core has decreased by about 450 mm. According to the relationship between accumulation and temperature, a scenario prediction of monsoon rainfall in central Himalayas is made.

关键词： Dasuopu ice core accumulation global warming.

Compositional characteristics of n-alkanes of the glaciers over the Tibetan Plateau and their environmental and climatic significances

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第11期52卷 1803-1812页

作者： LI QuanLian WANG NingLian WU XiaoBo pu jianchen HE JianQiao XIE Jun State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

We report on the concentration and compositional features of n-alkanes of natural and anthropogenic origins in the snow samples collected from the Qiyi glacier in the Qilian Mountains, the Yuzhufeng glacier in eastern Kunlun Mountains, the Xiaodongkemadi glacier in the Tanggula Mountains, and the Gurenhekou glacier in the Nyainqêntanglha Range. The results indicate a decrease in the total n-alkane concentration (T-HCs) from the northeast to the south over the Tibetan Plateau. The T-HCs in these studied areas were close to those in the Belukha and Sofiyskiy glacier, Russian Alati Mountains and the Dasuopu glacier in the Himalaya but were much higher than those in the Greenland ice sheet, suggesting that the mountain glaciers in the Asian continent may receive a higher loading of n-alkanes than the Greenland ice core. Moreover, the compositional characteristics of n-alkanes indicated that the n-alkanes in the studied areas were probably originated from the plant waxes as well as the fossil-fuel combustion exhaust, whereas the contribution from the lower organisms was small. In addition, the plant wax (Cn(wax)) and anthropogenic (non-Cn(wax)) contributions revealed that fast industrialization may have significant effects on the organic pollutant composition in glacier over the Tibetan Plateau and its circumference environment. Particularly, except for the Yuzhufeng glacier, the ΣnC21-/ΣnC22+ and (nC15+nC17+nC19)/(nC27+nC29+nC31) ratio decreased from the Qiyi glacier to the Gurenhekou glacier over the Tibetan Plateau, while the carbon preference index (CPI) values increased. These results indicate a decrease in terrigenous input while an increase in marine input from the northeast to the south over the Tibetan Plateau. These two ratios can be used as the climatic and environmental change indicators.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau glacier n-alkanes substance origin

Variations in equilibrium line altitude of the Qiyi Glacier,Qilian Mountains,over the past 50 years

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第33期55卷 3810-3817页

作者： WANG NingLian HE JianQiao pu jianchen JIANG Xi JING ZheFan State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy ofSciences Lanzhou 730000 China

Based on observations of the equilibrium line altitude(ELA)of the Qiyi Glacier in the Qilian Mountain,we established a statistical model between ELA and its major influencing factors,warm season air temperature(air temperature averages for September,July and August)and cold season precipitation(total precipitation in the period January through March).Warm season air temperature was the leading climatic factor influencing ELA *** glacier ELA ascends(descends)172 m when warm season air temperature increases(decreases)by 1°C,and ascends(descends)62 m when cold season precipitation decreases(increases)by 10%.In the period 1958-2008,the glacier ELA showed a general increasing trend,ascending 230 m and reaching its highest altitude in 2006 at 5131 m a.s.l.,close to the glacier *** future climate is similar to that in the period 2001-2008,the Qiyi Glacier will not stabilize until it retreats by 2.08 km.

关键词：祁连山冰川高度变化学业成绩气温上升平均气温总降水量气候因素

Sources and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of different glaciers over the Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第8期54卷 1189-1198页

作者： LI QuanLian WANG NingLian WU XiaoBo pu jianchen HE JianQiao ZHANG ChunWen State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

Twenty snow samples were collected from the Qiyi glacier in Qilian Mountains,the Yuzhufeng glacier in eastern Kunlun Mountains,the Xiaodongkemadi glacier in Tanggula Mountains,and the Gurenhekou glacier in Nyainqêntanglha Range over the Tibetan *** concentration and distribution features of sixteen priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by gas chromatography equipped with a mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS).The sources of these PAHs were explored as *** results indicated that the average concentrations of PAHs in snow were in the range of 20.45 60.57 ng/*** PAHs levels were found in the YZF glacier andminimum in the XDKMD ***,no apparent regional distribution pattern of PAHs was found in the glaciers over the Tibetan ***,the 2 4 ring low molecular weight PAHs predominated in snow samples and the concentrations of phenanthrene was the *** factor analysis and isomer pair ratios suggested that PAHs of glaciers over the Tibetan Plateau were derived from low temperature combustion of coal and biomass,and partially from the exhaust gas of *** mass back trajectory indicated that organic compounds detected in snowpit of these four glaciers,in the period of time they represented,mainly came from Central Asia and the arid area of Northwest China by westerly wind circulation.

关键词：多环芳烃青藏高原冰川和分布浓度范围西北干旱地区 PAHs 有机化合物

Water isotope variations in the snow pack and summer precipitation at July 1 Glacier, Qilian Mountains in northwest China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第21期52卷 2963-2972页

作者： ZHOU ShiQiao NAKAWO Masayoshi SAKAI Akiko MATSUDA Yoshihiro DUAN KeQin pu jianchen Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Institute of Plateau Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Chengdu 610071 China Research Institute for Humanity and Nature Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Graduate School of Environmental Studies Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

This paper presents the stable isotope data of the snow pack and summer precipitation collected at the July 1 Glacier, Qilian Mountains in northwest China and analyses their relationships with meteorologi- cal factors. On an event scale, there is no temperature effect on the δ 18O values in the summer pre- cipitation, whereas the amount effect is shown to be clear. By tracing the moisture transport history and comparing the precipitation with its isotopic composition, it is shown that this amount effect not only reflects the change in moisture trajectory, which is related to the monsoon activities, but is also associated with the cooling degree of vapor in the cloud, the evaporation of falling raindrops and the isotopic exchange between the falling drops and the atmospheric vapor. As very little precipitation occurs in winter, the snow pack profile mainly represents the precipitation in the other three seasons. There are low precipitation δ 18O ratios in summer and high ratios in spring and autumn. The Meteoric Water Line (MLW) for the summer precipitation is δ D = 7.6 δ 18O + 13.3, which is similar to that at Delingha, located in the south rim of the Qilian Mountains. The MWL for the snow pack is δ D = 10.4 δ 18O + 41.4, showing a large slope and intercept. The deuterium excess (d) of the snow pack is positively correlated with δ 18O, indicating that both d and δ 18O decrease from spring to summer and increase from early autumn to early spring. This then results in the high slope and intercept of the MWL. Sea- sonal fluctuations of d in the snow pack indicate the change of moisture source and trajectory. During spring and autumn, the moisture originates from continental recycling or rapid evaporation over rela- tively warm water bodies like Black, Caspian and Aral Seas when the dry westerly air masses pass over them, hence very high d values in precipitation are formed. During summer, the monsoon is responsi- ble for the low d values. This indicates that the monsoo

关键词：青藏高原祁连山冰川降水粒雪

Tracing the major source area of the mountainous runoff generation of the Heihe River in northwest China using stable isotope technique

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第16期54卷 2751-2757页

作者： WANG NingLian ZHANG ShiBiao HE JianQiao pu jianchen WU XiaoBo JIANG Xi State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute ChineseAcademy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

Based on the data of δ18O in precipitation during the period of April 2006 through May 2007 in the upper catchment of the main stream of the Heihe River in the Qilian Mountains, we found that there existed an evident altitude effect on δ18O in precipitation, and the δ18O-altitude gradient was _0.18‰/100 m. When δ18O in river water at the outlet of the mountainous drainage area of the main stream of the Heihe River was combined with the δ18O-altitude relation, it was realized that the mountainous runoff was generated mostly at high altitudes. Using two component models, we revealed that 80.2% of the annual total mountainous runoff amount was generated at the alpine permafrost-snow-ice zone with an altitude of above 3600 m a.s.l.

关键词：山区流域黑河干流中国西北地区径流量同位素技术源区发电稳定

Temperature and methane records over the last 2 ka in Dasuopu ice core

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Science China Earth Sciences 2002年第12期45卷 1068-1074页

作者： pu jianchen ( 1. Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou China 2. Byrd Polar Research Center Ohio State University 43210 Columbus OH USA

High resolution δ18O and methane records over the last 2ka have been reconstructed from Dasuopu ice core recovered from the Himalayas. Analysis shows that the δ18O record correlates well with the Northern Hemispheric temperature, Dunde ice core record, and with temperature record in eastern China. The warming trend detected in δ18O record from the last century is similar to that during the Medieval warm period. There is a dramatic increasing in methane concentration in the Dasuopu ice core, which reached 1031 nmol@mol-1 in 1997. Moreover, methane concentration in the Dasuopu ice core is about 15%-20% higher than that in Antarctica and Greenland. There is a positive correlation between methane concentration and δ18O in Dasuopu ice core.

关键词： Dasuopu 冰核心 18O 甲烷集中