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Quantifying source-sink relationships in leaf-color modified rice genotypes during grain filling

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第9期23卷 2923-2940页

作者： Zhenxiang Zhou Paul CStruik Junfei Gu Peter E.L.van der Putten Zhiqin Wang jianchang yang Xinyou Yin Centre for Crop Systems Analysis Department of Plant SciencesWageningen University&ResearchWageningen 6700 AKThe Netherlands College of Agriculture Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Leaf-color modification can affect canopy photosynthesis,with potential effects on rice yield and yield *** source-sink relationships through crop management is often used to improve crop *** study investigated whether and how modifying leaf color alters source-sink relationships and whether current crop cultivation practices remain applicable for leaf-color modified *** collected data of total biomass and nitrogen(N)accumulation in rice genotypes of four genetic backgrounds and their leaf-color modified variants(greener or yellower)were analyzed,using a recently established modelling method to quantify the source-sink(im)balance during grain *** all leaf-color variants,only one yellower-leaf variant showed a higher source capacity than its normal *** was associated with greater post-flowering N-uptake that prolonged the functional leaf-N duration,and this greater post-flowering N-uptake was possible because of reduced pre-flowering N-uptake.A density experiment showed that current management practices(insufficient planting density accompanied by abundant N application)are unsuitable for the yellower-leaf genotype,ultimately limiting its yield ***-color modification affects source-sink relationships by regulating the N trade-off between pre-and post-flowering uptake,as well as N translocation between source and sink *** best exploit leaf-color modification for improving crop productivity,adjustments of crop management practices are required.

关键词： source-sink relationship biomass nitrogen Oryza sativa leaf-color modification

An optimized strategy of nitrogen-split application based on the leaf positional differences in chlorophyll meter readings

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第8期23卷 2605-2617页

作者： Gaozhao Wu Xingyu Chen Yuguang Zang Ying Ye Xiaoqing Qian Weiyang Zhang Hao Zhang Lijun Liu Zujian Zhang Zhiqin Wang Junfei Gu jianchang yang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225127China

Modern rice production faces the dual challenges of increasing grain yields while reducing inputs of chemical ***,the disequilibrium between the nitrogen(N)supplement from the soil and the demand for N of plants is a serious obstacle to achieving these ***-based diagnosis can help farmers make better choices regarding the timing and amount of topdressing N *** objective was to evaluate a non-destructive assessment of rice N demands based on the relative SPAD value(RSPAD)due to leaf positional *** this study,two field experiments were conducted,including a field experiment of different N rates(Exp.I)and an experiment to evaluate the new strategy of nitrogen-split application based on RSPAD(***).The results showed that higher N inputs significantly increased grain yield in modern high yielding super rice,but at the expense of lower nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).The N nutrition index(NNI)can adequately differentiate situations of excessive,optimal,and insufficient N nutrition in rice,and the optimal N rate for modern high yielding rice is higher than conventional *** RSPAD is calculated as the SPAD value of the top fully expanded leaf *** value of the third leaf,which takes into account the non-uniform N distribution within a *** RSPAD can be used as an indicator for higher yield and NUE,and guide better management of N fertilizer ***,we developed a new strategy of nitrogen-split application based on RSPAD,in which the N rate was reduced by 18.7%,yield was increased by 1.7%,and the agronomic N use efficiency was increased by 27.8%,when compared with standard farmers'*** strategy of N fertilization shows great potential for ensuring high yielding and improving NUE at lower N inputs.

关键词： canopy crop management practices nitrogen nitrogen nutrition index rice SPAD

The response of roots and the rhizosphere environment to integrative cultivation practices in paddy rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第6期23卷 1879-1896页

作者： Hanzhu Gu Xian Wang Minhao Zhang Wenjiang Jing Hao Wu Zhilin Xiao Weiyang Zhang Junfei Gu Lijun Liu Zhiqin Wang Jianhua Zhang jianchang yang Hao Zhang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Agricultural College Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Taizhou Institute of Agricultural Science Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaizhou 225300China State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology School of Life SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong 999077China Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloonHong Kong 999077China

Integrative cultivation practices(ICPs)are essential for enhancing cereal yield and resource use ***,the effects of ICP on the rhizosphere environment and roots of paddy rice are still poorly *** this study,four rice varieties were produced in the *** variety was treated with six different cultivation techniques,including zero nitrogen application(0 N),local farmers’practice(LFP),nitrogen reduction(NR),and three progressive ICP techniques comprised of enhanced fertilizer N practice and increased plant density(ICP1),a treatment similar to ICP1 but with alternate wetting and moderate drying instead of continuous flooding(ICP2),and the same practices as ICP2 with the application of organic fertilizer(ICP3).The ICPs had greater grain production and nitrogen use efficiency than the other three *** length,dry weight,root diameter,activity of root oxidation,root bleeding rate,zeatin and zeatin riboside compositions,and total organic acids in root exudates were elevated with the introduction of the successive cultivation *** enhanced nitrate nitrogen,the activities of urease and invertase,and the diversity of microbes(bacteria)in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil,while reducing the ammonium nitrogen *** nutrient contents(ammonium nitrogen,total nitrogen,total potassium,total phosphorus,nitrate,and available phosphorus)and urease activity in rhizosphere soil were reduced in all treatments in comparison with the non-rhizosphere soil,but the invertase activity and bacterial diversity were *** main root morphology and physiology,and the ammonium nitrogen contents in rhizosphere soil at the primary stages were closely correlated with grain yield and internal nitrogen use *** findings suggest that the coordinated enhancement of the root system and the environment of the rhizosphere under integrative cultivation approaches may lead to higher rice production.

关键词： rice(Oryza sativa L.) nitrogen use efficiency grain yield integrative cultivation practices roots

Irrigation regimes modulate non-structural carbohydrate remobilization and improve grain filling in rice(Oryza sativa L.)by regulating starch metabolism

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1507-1522页

作者： Yuguang Zang Gaozhao Wu Qiangqiang Li Yiwen Xu Mingming Xue Xingyu Chen Haiyan Wei Weiyang Zhang Hao Zhang Lijun Liu Zhiqin Wang Junfei Gu jianchang yang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College YangzhouUniversityYangzhou225009China Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Recently developed ‘super’ rice cultivars with greater yield potentials often suffer from the problem of poor grain filling, especially in inferior spikelets. Here, we studied the activities of enzymes related to starch metabolism in rice stems and grains, and the microstructures related to carbohydrate accumulation and transportation to investigate the effects of different water regimes on grain filling. Two ‘super’ rice cultivars were grown under two irrigation regimes of well-watered(WW) and alternate wetting and moderate soil drying(AWMD). Compared with the WW treatment,the activities of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase), starch synthase(StSase) and starch branching enzyme(SBE), and the accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs) in the stems before heading were significantly improved, and more starch granules were stored in the stems in the AWMD treatment. After heading, the activities of α-amylase, β-amylase, sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) and sucrose synthase in the synthetic direction(SSs)were increased in the stems to promote the remobilization of NSCs for grain filling under AWMD. During grain filling, the enzymatic activities of sucrose synthase in the cleavage direction(SSc), AGPase, StSase and SBE in the inferior spikelets were increased, which promoted grain filling, especially for the inferior spikelets under ***, there were no significant differences in vascular microstructures. The grain yield and grain weight could be improved by 13.1 and 7.5%, respectively, by optimizing of the irrigation regime. We concluded that the low activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism is the key limitation for the poor grain filling, as opposed to the vascular microstructures, and AWMD can increase the amount of NSC accumulation in the stems before heading, improve the utilization rate of NSCs after heading, and increase the grain filling, especially in the inferior spikelets, by altering the activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism.

关键词： rice(Oryza sativa L.) non-structural carbohydrates(NsCs) enzymatic activity grain illing starch granules vascular bundle

Science and Technology Backyard improves farmers' productivity

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2016年第12期59卷 1348-1349页

作者： jianchang yang College of Agriculture Yangzhou University

Science and technology （S＆T） are the first productivity, However, S＆T must be mastered by users and then can become the practical productivity. Annually there are about 25,000 registered S＆T achievements in China, but the trans- formation efficiency from these achievements into practical productivity is less than 50% （Zhang and Guo, 2010）. In the rural areas of China, the transformation efficiency from agricultural S＆T achievements into farmers＇ productivity is lower, due to the small size of farms, lack of knowledge, information and resources and other factors.

关键词： productivity registered agricultural users rural

Moderate wetting and drying increases rice yield and reduces water use, grain arsenic level, and methane emission

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The Crop Journal 2017年第2期5卷 151-158页

作者： jianchang yang Qun Zhou jianhua Zhang Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

To meet the major challenge of increasing rice production to feed a growing population under increasing water scarcity,many water-saving regimes have been introduced in irrigated rice,such as an aerobic rice system,non-flooded mulching cultivation,and alternate wetting and drying(AWD).These regimes could substantially enhance water use efficiency(WUE) by reducing irrigation ***,such enhancements greatly compromise grain *** work has shown that moderate AWD,in which photosynthesis is not severely inhibited and plants can rehydrate overnight during the soil drying period,or plants are rewatered at a soil water potential of-10 to-15 k Pa,or midday leaf potential is approximately-0.60 to-0.80 MPa,or the water table is maintained at 10 to 15 cm below the soil surface,could increase not only WUE but also grain *** in grain yield WUE under moderate AWD are due mainly to reduced redundant vegetative growth;improved canopy structure and root growth;elevated hormonal levels,in particular increases in abscisic acid levels during soil drying and cytokinin levels during rewatering;and enhanced carbon remobilization from vegetative tissues to *** AWD could also improve rice quality,including reductions in grain arsenic accumulation,and reduce methane emissions from *** of moderate AWD with an appropriate nitrogen application rate may exert a synergistic effect on grain yield and result in higher WUE and nitrogen use *** research is needed to understand root–soil interaction and evaluate the long-term effects of moderate AWD on sustainable agriculture.

关键词： Alternate wetting and drying(AWD) Grain yield Nitrogen use efficiency Rice Water use efficiency

Roles of jasmonates and brassinosteroids in rice responses to high temperature stress——A review

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The Crop Journal 2021年第5期9卷 977-985页

作者： jianchang yang Wenqian Miao Jing Chen Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops College of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina

High temperature (HT) stress has become one of the most detrimental stresses in crop production among constantly changing environmental *** approaches to enhance crop thermotolerance would have great significance in assuaging adverse effects of HT stress on crop growth and *** jasmonates (JAs) and brassinosteroids (BRs) are novel phytohormones and play important roles in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and in a wide range of plant developmental processes,this paper reviewed the roles and mechanisms of JAs and BRs in mitigating HT stress,with focus on rice (Oryza sativa L.) subjected to HT stress during *** is demonstrated that JAs alleviate spikelet-opening impairment and BRs ameliorate pistil fertilization ability under HT stress during anthesis of rice,although there are controversial *** the defense system,enhancing osmotic regulation,protecting photosynthesis,and interacting with other phytohormones,especially with ethylene and abscisic acid,are main physiological mechanisms by which JAs or BRs attenuate HT stress to *** levels of JAs or BRs in plants could be considered as an important approach to enhance crop thermotolerance through breeding new *** JAs or BRs as chemical regulators and adopting proper water and nitrogen management practices could reduce the harm of HT stress to *** research is needed to elucidate the roles of JAs and BRs in different plant tissues in responses to HT stress under different genetic backgrounds and environments,reveal the molecular mechanism underlying JAs and BRs mediating HT stress,understand the cross-talk between phytohormones in modulating HT stress,and establish integrated crop management to minimize the hazard of HT stress in rice production.

关键词： Brassinosteroids High temperature stress Jasmonates Rice Thermotolerance

Approaches to achieve high grain yield and high resource use efficiency in rice

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2015年第2期2卷 115-123页

作者： jianchang yang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

This article discusses approaches to simultaneously increase grain yield and resource use efficiency in *** nitrogen efficient cultivars without sacrificing rice yield potential,improving grain fill in laterflowering inferior spikelets and enhancing harvest index are three important approaches to achieving the dual goal of high grain yield and high resource use *** root distribution and higher leaf photosynthetic N use efficiency at lower N rates could be used as selection criteria to develop N-efficient *** sink activity through increasing sugar-spikelet ratio at the heading time and enhancing the conversion efficiency from sucrose to starch though increasing the ratio of abscisic acid to ethylene in grains during grain fill could effectively improve grain fill in inferior *** practices,such as post-anthesis controlled soil drying,an alternate wetting and moderate soil drying regime during the whole growing season,and non-flooded straw mulching cultivation,could substantially increase grain yield and water use efficiency,mainly via enhanced remobilization of stored carbon from vegetative tissues to grains and improved harvest *** research is needed to understand synergistic interaction between water and N on crop and soil and the mechanism underlying high resource use efficiency in high-yielding rice.

关键词： rice nitrogen-efficient cultivar grain fill harvest index nitrogen use efficiency water use efficiency

水稻根系和土壤性状与稻田甲烷排放关系的研究进展

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中国水稻科学 2024年第3期38卷 233-245页

作者：陈浩田秦缘钟笑涵林晨语秦竞航杨建昌张伟杨扬州大学农学院/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室江苏扬州225009 扬州大学/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心江苏扬州225009

甲烷(CH_(4))是大气中最主要的温室气体,对全球气候变暖具有重要影响。稻田是农业生态系统中CH_(4)的主要排放源,水稻根系与土壤是影响稻田CH_(4)排放的关键因素。因此,探究水稻根系和土壤性状与稻田CH_(4)排放的关系对于缓解温室效应... 详细信息

甲烷(CH_(4))是大气中最主要的温室气体,对全球气候变暖具有重要影响。稻田是农业生态系统中CH_(4)的主要排放源,水稻根系与土壤是影响稻田CH_(4)排放的关键因素。因此,探究水稻根系和土壤性状与稻田CH_(4)排放的关系对于缓解温室效应具有重要的意义。本文综述了稻田CH_(4)产生和排放的机理及其与水稻根系和土壤性状间的内在关系,并展望了进一步探究水稻和土壤性状与稻田CH_(4)排放关系的研究方向,为实现水稻丰产与固碳减排协同提供参考。

关键词：水稻根系特征土壤性状甲烷排放

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