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Detection of Perfect Stealthy Attacks on Cyber-Physical Systems Subject to Measurement Quantizations: A Watermark-Based Strategy

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 114-125页

作者： Yu-Ang Wang Zidong Wang Lei Zou Bo shen Hongli dong the College of Information Science and Technology Donghua University the Engineering Research Center of Digitalized Textile and Fashion Technology Ministry of Education IEEE the College of Electrical Engineering and Automation Shandong University of Science and Technology the Department of Computer Science Brunel University London Uxbridge the Sanya Offshore Oil and Gas Research Institute Northeast Petroleum University the Artificial Intelligence Energy Research Institute Northeast Petroleum University Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Networking and Intelligent Control Northeast Petroleum University

In this paper, the attack detection problem is investigated for a class of closed-loop systems subjected to unknownbutbounded noises in the presence of stealthy attacks. The measurement outputs from the sensors are quantized before transmission.A specific type of perfect stealthy attack, which meets certain rather stringent conditions, is taken into account. Such attacks could be injected by adversaries into both the sensor-toestimator and controller-to-actuator channels, with the aim of disrupting the normal data flow. For the purpose of defending against these perfect stealthy attacks, a novel scheme based on watermarks is developed. This scheme includes the injection of watermarks(applied to data prior to quantization) and the recovery of data(implemented before the data reaches the estimator).The watermark-based scheme is designed to be both timevarying and hidden from adversaries through incorporating a time-varying and bounded watermark signal. Subsequently, a watermark-based attack detection strategy is proposed which thoroughly considers the characteristics of perfect stealthy attacks,thereby ensuring that an alarm is activated upon the occurrence of such attacks. An example is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed mechanism for detecting attacks.

关键词： Attack detection cyber-physical systems (CPSs) perfect stealthy attacks watermark-based strategy

Experimental study on the buckling of composite cylinders with reinforced circular hole under hydrostatic pressure

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Defence Technology(防务技术) 2025年第2期44卷 231-247页

作者： Zhun Li Xinhu Zhang Kechun shen Jing Liu jian Zhang Guang Pan School of Marine Science and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China Northwest Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Xianyang 712099China jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003China

In this paper,a type of reinforcing structure for composite shell with single and through hole is *** experimental tests for the composite shells without hole,with single hole and reinforced structure,with through hole and reinforced structure subjected to hydrostatic pressure were carried out by the designed experimental test *** mechanical responses of the composite shells under hydrostatic pressure are obtained by the high-speed camera and strain *** results show that the entire deformation process of the shell can be divided into three:uniform compression,"buckling mode formation"and ***"buckling mode formation"process is captured and reported for the first *** the composite shell with single hole,the proposed reinforcing structure has a significant reinforcement effect on the shell and the buckling capacity of the shell is not weaker than the complete composite *** the composite shell with through hole,sealing effect can be achieved by the proposed reinforcing structure,but the buckling capacity of the shell after reinforcement can only reach 77%of the original buckling capacity.

关键词： Composite cylindrical shell Circular hole Reinforcing structure Buckling Hydrostatic pressure

Numerical simulation of microstructure and microporosity morphology in directional solidification of aluminum-copper alloys:Effect of copper content and withdrawal rate

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China Foundry 2025年第1期22卷 33-44页

作者： Wei Yuan Hai-dong Zhao Xu shen Chun Zou Yuan Liu Qing-yan Xu National Engineering Research Center of Near-Net-Shape Forming for Metallic Materials South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology(Ministry of Education) Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Microporosity formed in the solidification process of Al alloys is detrimental to the alloy properties.A two-dimensional cellular automaton(CA)model was developed to simulate the microstructure and microporosity formation in Al-Cu alloys,considering variations in Cu content and solidification *** results indicate that the Cu content primarily influences the growth of *** validate the model,directional solidification experiments were conducted on Al-Cu alloys with varing Cu contents and withdrawal *** experimental results of dendrites and microporosity characteristics agree well with the predictions from the developed model,thus confirming the validity of the *** alloy’s liquidus temperature,dendrite morphology,and hydrogen saturation solubility arising from different Cu contents have significant effects on microporosity *** withdrawal rate primarily affects the nucleation of hydrogen microporosity by altering cooling rates and dendritic growth rates,resulting in different microporosity characteristics.

关键词： microporosity dendrites cellular automaton Al-Cu alloys directional solidification

Bioenergy recovery and carbon emissions benefits of short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment on low organic sewage sludge anaerobic digestion:A pilot-scale study

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 321-335页

作者： Hui Wang Xiang Fu Haozhe Huang Danni shen dongdong Fan Liming Zhu Xiaohu Dai Bin dong College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Yangtze Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center China Three Gorges CorporationBeijing 100038China Yangtze River Eco-Environmental Engineering Research Center Shanghai InvestigationDesign and Research Institute Co.LTDShanghai 200092China China Construction Third Engineering Bureau First Engineering Co. Ltd.Wuhan 430000China

Sewage sludge in cities of Yangzi River Belt,China,generally exhibits a lower organic content and higher silt contentdue to leakage of drainage system,which caused low bioenergy recovery and carbon emission benefits in conventional anaerobic digestion(CAD).Therefore,this paper is on a pilot scale,a bio-thermophilic pretreatment anaerobic digestion(BTPAD)for low organic sludge(volatile solids(VS)of 4%)was operated with a long-term continuous flow of 200 *** VS degradation rate and CH_(4) yield of BTPAD increased by 19.93%and 53.33%,respectively,compared to those of *** analysis of organic compositions in sludge revealed that BTPAD mainly improved the hydrolysis of proteins in *** analysis of microbial community proportions by high-throughput sequencing revealed that the short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment was enriched in Clostridiales,Coprothermobacter and Gelria,was capable of hydrolyzing acidified proteins,and provided more volatile fatty acid(VFA)for the subsequent *** combined with fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)analysis showed that the number of bacteria with high methanogenic capacity in BTPAD was much higher than that in CAD during the medium temperature digestion stage,indicating that short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment could provide better methanogenic conditions for ***,the greenhouse gas emission footprint analysis showed that short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment could reduce the carbon emission of sludge anaerobic digestion system by 19.18%.

关键词： Sludge Anaerobic digestion Bio-thermophilic pretreatment Pilot scale Molecular microbiology Carbon emissions

Phase-transfer-shuttle generated in situ enables novel SN1-type fluorination of sulfonium ylide with hydrofluoric acid

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第2期68卷 641-648页

作者： Yisa Xiao Rui Wang Zhaoxuan Xu Qunchao Zhao Renyi Pang Tao dong Long Lu Qilong shen Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China

The development of a nucleophilic fluorination protocol using hydrofluoric acid as the fluoride source represents a long-sought goal in the field of organofluorine *** report herein the realization of such a reaction that employed alkyl-substituted sulfonium ylides as the *** key to the success of the protocol was attributed to two factors:First,as a Brϕnsted base,the ylide was able to be protonated by HFaq,thus serving as a phase-transfer shuttle generated in situ to bring F−from aqueous phase to the organic phase promoting desolvation of fluoride ***,after protonation,a sulfonium salt,a good leaving group,was generated and subsequent attacked by the fluoride to afford the alkyl *** investigation indicates that the reaction occurs via an SN1 *** of the nature of the cationic intermediate in the reaction,two attractive rearrangement-fluorination approaches including 1,2-aryl migration fluorination and ring-expansion fluorination were disclosed.

关键词： SN1 fluorination hydrofluoric acid sulfonium ylide cation rearrangement

Potential preservative mechanisms of cardiac rehabilitation pathways on endothelial function in coronary heart disease

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 158-175页

作者： Wen-Tao Sun jian-Yong Du Jia Wang Yi-Long Wang Er-Dan dong Research Center for Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Qingdao Hospital(Qingdao Municipal Hospital)Schoolof Health and Life SciencesUniversityof Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdao 266071China Department of Cardiology and Instituteof Vascular Medicine Peking University Third HospitalTheInstituteofCardiovascular SciencesPeking UniversityState Key Laboratoryof Vascular Homeostasisand RemodelingPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China

Cardiac rehabilitation,a comprehensive exercise-based lifestyle and medical management,is effective in decreasing morbidity and improving life quality in patients with coronary heart *** function,an irreplaceable indicator in coronary heart disease progression,is measured by various methods in traditional cardiac rehabilitation pathways,including medicinal treatment,aerobic training,and smoking ***,studies on the effect of some emerging cardiac rehabilitation programs on endothelial function are *** article briefly reviewed the endothelium-beneficial effects of different cardiac rehabilitation pathways,including exercise training,lifestyle modification and psychological intervention in patients with coronary heart disease,and related experimental models,and summarized both uncovered and potential cellular and molecular mechanisms of the beneficial roles of various cardiac rehabilitation pathways on endothelial *** exercise training and some lifestyle interventions,the enhanced bioavailability of nitric oxide,increased circulating endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs),and decreased oxidative stress are major contributors to preventing endothelial dysfunction in coronary heart ***,the preservation of endothelial-dependent hyperpolarizing factors and inflammatory suppression play *** the one hand,to develop more endothelium-protective rehabilitation methods in coronary heart disease,adequately designed and sized randomized multicenter clinical trials should be advanced using standardized cardiac rehabilitation programs and existing assessment *** the other hand,additional studies using suitable experimental models are warranted to elucidate the relationship between some new interventions and endothelial protection in both macro-and microvasculature.

关键词： cardiac rehabilitation coronary heart disease endothelial function

Large language models:game-changers in the healthcare industry

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Science Bulletin 2025年第3期70卷 283-286页

作者： Bin dong Li Zhang Jiajia Yuan Yang Chen Quanzheng Li Lin shen Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Machine Learning Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking University Changsha Institute for Computing and Digital Economy Changsha 410205China Center for Data Science Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education/Beijing)Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing 100142China Massachusetts General Hospital Boston 02114-2696USA Harvard Medical School Boston 02115USA

The healthcare industry faces core challenges,including increasingly complex operational processes and entities,the rapid development of medical knowledge,and the rising demand for interdisciplinary *** complexity of medical processes is evident in every aspect,from patient appointments,diagnoses,and treatments to follow-up tasks,all of which involve intricate data processing and decision-making procedures.

关键词： industry expertise evident

A C-type lectin with dual carbohydrate recognition domains functions in innate immune response in Asian corn borer,Ostrinia furnacalis

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Insect Science 2025年第1期32卷 172-192页

作者： Er-Tao Li Jia-Yue Ji Wei-Jie Kong dong-Xu shen Cai Li Chun-Ju An Deparment of Entomology College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBejingChina Pomology Institute Shanxi Agricultural UniversityJinzhongShanxi ProvinceChina jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology School of BiotechnologyJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangJiangsu ProvinceChina

C-type lectins(CTLs)act as pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)to initiate the innate immune response in insects.A CTL with dual carbohydrate recognition domains(CRDs)(named immulectin-4[IML-4])was selected from the Ostrinia furnacalis transcriptome dataset for functional *** cloned the full-length complementary DNA of *** IML-4(OfIML-4).It encodes a 328-residue protein with a Glu-Pro-Asn(EPN)and Gln-Pro-Asp(QPD)motifs in 2 CRDs,***-4 messenger RNA levels increased significantly upon the bacterial and fungal *** OfIML-4(rIML-4)and its individual CRDs(rCRD1 and rCRD2)exhibited the binding ability to various microorganisms including Escherichia coli,Micrococcus luteus,Pichia pastoris,and Beauveria bassiana,and the cell wall components including lipopolysaccharide from ***,peptidoglycan from *** or Bacillus subtilis,and curdlan from Alcaligenes *** binding further induced the agglutination of ***,***,and *** in the presence of calcium,the phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by the hemocytes,in vitro encapsulation and melanization of nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid beads,and a significant increase in phenoloxidase activity of *** addition,rIML-4 significantly enhanced the phagocytosis,nodulation,and resistance of *** to *** together,our results suggest that OfIML-4 potentially works as a PRR to recognize the invading microorganisms,and functions in the innate immune response in ***.

关键词： cellular immunity C-type lectin humoral immunity immulectin Ostrinia furnacalis pattern recognition receptor(PRR)

Unified monogamy relations for the generalized W-class states beyond qubits

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2025年第2期77卷 72-82页

作者： Zhong-Xi shen Wen Zhou dong-Ping Xuan Zhi-Xi Wang Shao-Ming Fei School of Mathematical Sciences Capital Normal University

The monogamy of entanglement stands as an indispensable feature within multipartite quantum systems. We study monogamy relations with respect to any partitions for the generalized W-class（GW） states based on the unified-（q, s） entanglement（UE）. We provide the monogamy relation based on the squared UE for a reduced density matrix of a qudit GW state, as well as tighter monogamy relations based on the αth（α ≥ 2） power of UE. Furthermore, for an n-qudit system ABC1...Cn-2, a generalized monogamy relation and an upper bound satisfied by the βth（0 ≤ β ≤ 1） power of the UE for the GW states under the partition AB and C1...Cn-2are established. In particular, two partition-dependent residual entanglements for the GW states are analyzed in detail.

关键词： monogamy of entanglement unified-(q,s) entanglement generalized W-class state