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Update on thyroid ultrasound: a narrative review from diagnostic criteria to artificial intelligence techniques

Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第16期132卷 1974-1982页

作者： Xiao-Wen Liang Yong-yi Cai Jin-Sui Yu jian-yi liao Zhi-yi Chen Department of Ultrasound Medicine Laboratory of Ultrasound Medicine and Artificial IntelligenceExperimental Center of Liwan HospitalThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityThe Liwan Hospital of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510000China.

Objective Ultrasound imaging is well known to play an important role in the detection of thyroid disease, but the management of thyroid ultrasound remains inconsistent. Both standardized diagnostic criteria and new ultrasound technologies are essential for improving the accuracy of thyroid ultrasound. This study reviewed the global guidelines of thyroid ultrasound and analyzed their common characteristics for basic clinical screening. Advances in the application of a combination of thyroid ultrasound and artificial intelligence (AI) were also presented. Data sources An extensive search of the PubMed database was undertaken, focusing on research published after 2001 with keywords including thyroid ultrasound, guideline, AI, segmentation, image classification, and deep learning. Study selection Several types of articles, including original studies and literature reviews, were identified and reviewed to summarize the importance of standardization and new technology in thyroid ultrasound diagnosis. Results Ultrasound has become an important diagnostic technique in thyroid nodules. Both standardized diagnostic criteria and new ultrasound technologies are essential for improving the accuracy of thyroid ultrasound. In the standardization, since there are no global consensus exists, common characteristics such as a multi-feature diagnosis, the performance of lymph nodes, explicit indications of fine needle aspiration, and the diagnosis of special populations should be focused on. Besides, evidence suggests that AI technique has a good effect on the unavoidable limitations of traditional ultrasound, and the combination of diagnostic criteria and AI may lead to a great promotion in thyroid diagnosis. Conclusion Standardization and development of novel techniques are key factors to improving thyroid ultrasound, and both should be considered in normal clinical use.

关键词： Thyroid Ultrasound Guideline Artificial Intelligence Image Classification

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Electro-reductive carboxylation of acyclic C（sp3）–C（sp3） bonds in aromatic hydrocarbons with CO2

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第10期67卷 3366-3372页

作者： Chuan-Kun Ran Quan Qu Yang-yi Tao yi-Fei Chen Li-Li liao jian-Heng Ye Da-Gang Yu Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of ChemistrySichuan University West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital Sichuan University

Despite the recent advances in the selective functionalization of C–C bonds in specific substrates,cleavage and functionalization of C–C bonds in acyclic substrates,such as ethane derivatives,remains *** contrast to the well-developed functionalization of one carbon fragment after C–C bond cleavage,herein,we report a novel electro-reductive carboxylation of C（sp3）–C（sp3） bond in multi-aryl ethanes with carbon dioxide（CO2） by utilizing both carbon ***,this reaction exhibits an atom-,step-economic approach for the synthesis of carboxylic acids,fulfilling principal aspirations of organic ***,this method features mild reaction conditions,broad substrate scope,and good functional group *** and asymmetric substrates bearing primary,secondary,or tertiary C（sp3）–C（sp3） bonds are all amenable to this strategy,enabling one or two structurally different carboxylic acids to be facilely constructed at the same *** investigations indicate that carbanions might be the key intermediates in this reaction,which could be captured by CO2efficiently.

关键词： carbon dioxide electrochemistry C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds cleavage reductive carboxylation

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Organic Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Stereoselective Cationic RAFT Polymerization:The Effect of RAFT Agents

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第6期42卷 711-717页

作者： Zheng-yi Zhang Zan Yang Yun liao Sai-Hu liao Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery(Fujian Province University) College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Beijing100190China

The tacticity of vinyl polymers is a key factor affecting the properties of ***,organic Brønsted acids have been demonstrated as effective catalysts for the development of highly stereoselective cationic reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT)polymerizations of vinyl ethers,in which the use of RAFT agents could allow the control the molecular weight and tacticity of polymer products ***,the effect of RAFT agents on the tacticity-regulation remains elusive and lacks of *** this study,we synthesized four types of RAFT agents and evaluated their influence in the stereoselective cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether in the presence of PADI as a Brønsted acid catalyst,which unveils that the Z group of RAFT agents could not only affect the polydispersity of the products,but also exert a profound effect on the *** extensive screening of the RAFT agents,high stereoregularity(isotacticity,90%m)was obtained when using dithiocarbonate ester-type RAFT agents with a benzyloxy Z group.

关键词： Bronsted acid catalysis Stereoselective cationic polymerization RAFT polymerization Chain transfer agents Tacticity

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Stable Cycling of All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries Enabled by Cyano-Molecular Diamond Improved Polymer Electrolytes

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第10期16卷 561-575页

作者： Yang Dai Mengbing Zhuang yi-Xiao Deng Yuan liao jian Gu Tinglu Song Hao Yan Jin-Cheng Zheng Department of Chemical Engineering Shanghai UniversityShangda Road 99Shanghai 200444People's Republic of China Department of Physics Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005People's Republic of China Experimental Center of Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081People's Republic of China Department of Physics and Department of New Energy Science and Engineering Xiamen University Malaysia43900 SepangMalaysia

The interfacial instability of the poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based electrolytes impedes the long-term cycling and further application of all-solid-state lithium metal *** this work,we have shown an effective additive 1-adaman-tanecarbonitrile,which con-tributes to the excellent per-formance of the poly(ethylene oxide)-based *** to the strong interaction of the 1-Adamantanecarboni-trile to the polymer matrix and anions,the coordination of the Li^(+)-EO is weakened,and the binding effect of anions is strengthened,thereby improving the Li^(+)conductivity and the electrochemical *** diamond building block on the surface of the lithium anode can sup-press the growth of lithium ***,the 1-Adamantanecarbonitrile also regulates the formation of LiF in the solid electrolyte interface and cathode electrolyte interface,which contributes to the interfacial stability(especially at high voltages)and protects the electrodes,enabling all-solid-state batteries to cycle at high voltages for long periods of ***,the Li/Li symmetric cell undergoes long-term lithium plating/stripping for more than 2000 h.1-Adamantanecarbonitrile-poly(ethylene oxide)-based LFP/Li and 4.3 V Ni_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1)O_(2)/Li all-solid-state batteries achieved stable cycles for 1000 times,with capacity retention rates reaching 85%and 80%,respectively.

关键词： 1-Adamantanecarbonitrile(ADCN) Poly(ethylene oxide) All-solid-state batteries Interfacial stability High voltage

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Pd-catalyzed asymmetric carbonyl alkynylation:Synthesis of axial chiral ynones

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第6期35卷 293-297页

作者： Long Jin jian Han Dongmei Fang Min Wang jian liao Natural Products Research Center Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China College of Chemical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Ynones are important skeletons in bioactive molecules and valuable building blocks for organic synthesis,thus great efforts have been devoted to their ***,introducing prochiral substrates to construct ynones bearing a chiral framework is unrealized to ***,we reported the first example of Pd/SOP-catalyzed asymmetric carbonylative alkynylation via a non-classical carbonylative Sonogashiratype approach(acyl-Pd(Ⅱ)species generated from nucleophiles).By using cyclic diaryliodonium salts as prochiral substrates,various axial chiral ynones with good functional group tolerance(39 examples),satisfied yields(71%-96%)and excellent enantioselectivities(generally 94%-99%ee)were *** of bioactive compounds,scale-up experiment and useful transformations were also conducted to demonstrate the utility of this process.

关键词： Pd-catalyzed Axial chiral ynones Cyclic diaryliodonium High-valent palladium catalyzed Asymmetric carbonyl alkynylation

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A Novel 3D Gait Model for Subject Identification Robust against Carrying and Dressing Variations

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 235-261页

作者： jian Luo Bo Xu Tardi Tjahjadi jian yi College of Information Science and Engineering Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha410000China School of Engineering University of WarwickCoventryCV47ALUK

Subject identification via the subject’s gait is challenging due to variations in the subject’s carrying and dressing conditions in real-life *** paper proposes a novel targeted 3-dimensional(3D)gait model(3DGait)represented by a set of interpretable 3DGait descriptors based on a 3D parametric body *** 3DGait descriptors are utilised as invariant gait features in the 3DGait recognition method to address object carrying and *** 3DGait recognitionmethod involves 2-dimensional(2D)to 3DGaitdata learningbasedon3Dvirtual samples,a semantic gait parameter estimation Long Short Time Memory(LSTM)network(3D-SGPE-LSTM),a feature fusion deep model based on a multi-set canonical correlation analysis,and SoftMax recognition ***,a sensory experiment based on 3D body shape and pose deformation with 3D virtual dressing is used to fit 3DGait onto the given 2D gait images.3Dinterpretable semantic parameters control the 3D morphing and dressing *** degree measurement determines the semantic descriptors of 2D gait images of subjects with various shapes,poses and ***,using the 2D gait images as input and the subjects’corresponding 3D semantic descriptors as output,an end-to-end 3D-SGPE-LSTM is constructed and ***,body shape,pose and external gait factors(3D-eFactors)are estimated using the 3D-SGPE-LSTM model to create a set of interpretable gait descriptors to represent the 3DGait Model,i.e.,3D intrinsic semantic shape descriptor(3DShape);3D skeleton-based gait pose descriptor(3D-Pose)and 3D dressing with other ***,the 3D-Shape and 3D-Pose descriptors are coupled to a unified pattern space by learning prior knowledge from the *** research on CASIA B,CMU MoBo,TUM GAID and GPJATK databases shows that 3DGait is robust against object carrying and dressing variations,especially under multi-cross variations.

关键词： Gait recognition human identification three-dimensional gait canonical correlation analysis

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Regulation of rhizosphere microenvironment by rice husk ash for reducing the accumulation of cadmium and arsenic in rice

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 1-10页

作者： yi jiang Ya Liu Xuantao yi Peng Zeng Bohan liao Hang Zhou Jiaofeng Gu College of Environmental Science and Engineering Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Control of Rice Quality and Safety Changsha 410004China

It is important to reduce Cd and As content in brown rice in contaminated paddy *** conducted research on the effects of rice husk ash (RHA) on the Cd and As in the rhizosphere microenvironment (soil,porewater,and iron plaque) and measured the Cd,As,and Si content in rice *** main elements in RHA were Si (29.64%) and O (69.17%),which had the maximum adsorption capacity for Cd was 42.49 mg/kg and for As was 18.62 mg/*** pH and available Si content increased,while soil available Cd and As decreased following application of 0.5%–2%*** promote the transformation of Cd to insoluble fraction,while As was transformed from a poorly soluble form to a more active *** reduced Cd content and increased Si content in porewater,and reduced As only at the later rice growth *** increased the amount of iron plaque,thereby decreasing the Cd content in iron plaque,while increased the As content in *** and inorganic As content in brown rice were decreased,to 0.31 mg/kg and 0.18 mg/kg,*** decrease of Cd in brown rice was due to the decrease of Cd mobility in soil,thereby reducing root accumulation,while the decrease of As in brown rice was affected by the transport from roots to ***,RHA can be considered as a safe and efficient in-situ remediation amendment for Cd and As co-contaminated paddy soil.

关键词： Rice husk ash(rha) Cadmium Arsenic Silicon Rice Soil

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Design,fabrication,and characterization of hierarchical mechanical metamaterials

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第1期19卷 73-83页

作者： jian SONG Junfei YAN Bengang yi Automotive Engineering Research Institute BYD Auto Industry Co.Ltd.Shenzhen 518000China College of Civil and Transportation Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Natural mechanical materials,such as bamboo and bone,often exhibit superior specific mechanical properties due to their hierarchical porous *** the principle of hierarchy as inspiration can facilitate the development of hierarchical mechanical metamaterials(HMMs)across multiple length scales via 3D *** this work,we propose self-similar HMMs that combine octet-truss(OCT)architecture as the first and second orders,with cubic architecture as the third or more *** HMMs were fabricated using stereolithography 3D printing,with the length sizes ranging from approximately 200µm to the centimeter *** compressive stress–strain behaviors of HMMs exhibit a zigzag characteristic,and the toughness and energy absorption can be significantly enhanced by the hierarchical *** compressive moduli are comparable to that of natural materials,and the strengths are superior to that of most polymer/metal foams,alumina hollow/carbon lattices,and other natural ***,the flexural stress–strain curves exhibit a nonlinear behavior,which can be attributed to the hierarchical architecture and local damage *** relatively high mechanical properties can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the stretch-dominated OCT architecture and the bending-dominated cube ***,an ultralight HMM-integrated unmanned aerial vehicle(HMM-UAV)was successfully designed and *** HMM-UAV is~85%lighter than its bulk counterpart,remarkably extending the flight duration time(~53%).This work not only provides an effective design strategy for HMMs but also further expands the application benchmark of HMMs.

关键词： 3D printing mechanical metamaterials hierarchical architecture mechanical behavior unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)

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Development of Mixed Insulation Oil as Alternative Liquid Dielectric:A Review

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第3期10卷 1242-1258页

作者： jian Hao Jingwen Zhang Wenyu Ye Ruijing liao Lijun Yang State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology School of Electrical EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China IEEE CSEE

Use of traditional mineral oil(MO)as a liquid insulation in transformers has spanned more than 130 ***,MO has poor heat resistance,a low ignition point,and is a non-renewable resource,which does not meet development requirements for high-performance and environmentally friendly insulation ***,researchers have explored alternatives such as natural ester(NE)and synthetic ester(SE)oils,as well as mixed insulation *** insulating oil is a blend of diverse insulating oil types,with optimal performance achieved by adjusting proportions of base *** article summarizes the innovative achievements and development of mixed insulation oil in terms of development of mixed ratio,basic physical chemical properties,electrical properties,thermal stability,and application including operation and maintenance *** these efforts,this article aims to provide recommendations for future development of mixed insulating oils to advance liquid dielectric research based on enhancement mechanisms.

关键词： Environmentally friendly insulation oil ester oils high-performance mineral oil mixed insulation oils

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A novel method for extracting and optimizing the complex permittivity of paper-based composites based on an artificial neural network model

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第10期67卷 3190-3204页

作者： XIA ChenBin SHEN Junyi liao ShaoWei WANG yi HUANG ZhengSheng XUE Quan TANG Min LONG Jin HU jian School of Light Industry and Engineering South China University of Technology School of Electronic and Information Engineering South China University of Technology

Measuring the complex permittivity of ultrathin, flexible materials with a high loss tangent poses a substantial challenge with precision using conventional methods, and verifying the accuracy of test results remains difficult. In this study, we introduce a methodology based on a back-propagation artificial neural network(ANN) to extract the complex permittivity of paper-based composites(PBCs). PBCs are ultrathin and flexible materials exhibiting considerable complex permittivity and dielectric loss tangent. Given the absence of mature measurement methods for PBCs and a lack of sufficient data for ANN training, a mapping relationship is initially established between the complex permittivity of honeycomb-structured microwave-absorbing materials(HMAMs, composed of PBCs) and that of PBCs using simulated data. Leveraging the ANN model, the complex permittivity of PBCs can be extracted from that of HMAMs obtained using standard measurement. Subsequently, two published methods are cited to illustrate the accuracy and advancement of the results obtained using the proposed approach. Additionally, specific error analysis is conducted, attributing discrepancies to the conductivity of PBCs, the homogenization of HMAMs, and differences between the simulation model and actual objects. Finally, the proposed method is applied to optimize the cell length parameters of HMAMs for enhanced absorption performance. The conclusion discusses further improvements and areas for extended research.

关键词： paper-based composite honeycomb complex permittivity artificial neural networks inverse modeling

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