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Generation and regulation of electromagnetic pulses generated by femtosecond lasers interacting with multitargets

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第1期35卷 96-107页

作者： Ya-Dong Xia De-Feng Kong Qiang-You He Zhen Guo Dong-jun Zhang Tong Yang Hao Cheng Yu-Ze Li Yang Yan Xiao Liang Ping zhu Xing-Long Xie jian-Qiang zhu Ting-Shuai Li Chen Lin Wen-jun Ma Xue-Qing Yan State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of EducationCAPTPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing Laser Acceleration Innovation Center Beijing 101407China Institute of Guangdong Laser Plasma Technology Guangzhou 510540China National Laboratory on High Power Laser and Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and FineChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China

Ultrashort and powerful laser interactions with a target generate intense wideband electromagnetic pulses(EMPs).In this study,we report EMPs generated by the interactions between petawatt(30 fs,1.4×10^(20) W/cm^(2))femtosecond(fs)lasers with metal flat,plastic flat,and plastic nanowire-array(NWA)*** analyses are conducted on the EMPs in terms of their spatial distribution,time and frequency domains,radiation energy,and *** results indicate that EMPs from metal targets exhibit larger amplitudes at varying angles than those generated by other types of targets and are enhanced significantly for NWA *** a plastic target holder and increasing the laser focal spot can significantly decrease the radiation energy of the ***,the composite shielding materials indicate an effective shielding effect against *** simulation results show that the NWA targets exert a collimating effect on thermal electrons,which directly affects the distribution of *** study provides guidance for regulating EMPs by controlling the laser focal spot,target parameters,and target rod material and is beneficial for electromagnetic-shielding design.

关键词： Electromagnetic pulses Laser plasma interaction Electromagnetic shielding Electron distribution

Allosteric modulation of G protein-coupled receptors as a novel therapeutic strategy in neuropathic pain

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 67-86页

作者： Chunhao zhu Xiaobing Lan Zhiqiang Wei jianqiang Yu jian Zhang School of Pharmacy Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004China Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China School of Basic Medical Science Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004China Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Neuropathic pain is a debilitating pathological condition that presents significant therapeutic challenges in clinical ***,current pharmacological treatments for neuropathic pain lack clinical efficacy and often lead to harmful adverse *** G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)are widely distributed throughout the body,including the pain transmission pathway and descending inhibition pathway,the development of novel neuropathic pain treatments based on GPCRs allosteric modulation theory is gaining *** research has shown that allosteric modulators targeting GPCRs on the pain pathway can effectively alleviate symptoms of neuropathic pain while reducing or eliminating adverse *** review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the progress made in GPCRs allosteric modulators in the treatment of neuropathic pain,and discuss the potential benefits and adverse factors of this *** will also concentrate on the development of biased agonists of GPCRs,and based on important examples of biased agonist development in recent years,we will describe universal strategies for designing structure-based biased *** is foreseeable that,with the continuous improvement of GPCRs allosteric modulation and biased agonist theory,effective GPCRs allosteric drugs will eventually be available for the treatment of neuropathic pain with acceptable safety.

关键词： Neuropathic pain Allosteric modulators G protein-coupled receptors Analgesia

Inclusions modification by rare earth in steel and the resulting properties: A review

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第3期42卷 431-445,I0001页

作者： Xiaoqiang Wang Zhiwei Wu Bing Li Wenxiong Chen jun Zhang jian Mao College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China Chengdu Advanced Metal Materials Industry Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd.Chengdu610303China State Key Laboratory of Metal Material for Marine Equipment and Application Anshan114009China

Rare earth(RE) elements are excellent modifiers for non-metallic inclusions that inevitably appear in steel and affect steel properties. This paper reviews the research status of inclusions modification by RE elements and the changes it cause on steel properties. First, the inclusion changes caused by RE modification are described. Generally, after adding pure RE, the main evolution of inclusions occurs as M →M + RE-Al-O → RE-Al-O + RE_(2)O_(2)S → RE_(2)O_(2)S + RE—S/RE_(2)O_(2)S + RE-O with an increase in the RE content(M represents the inclusions before RE addition). The type of final inclusion obtained after RE modification is related to the relative contents of S and O in the steel. Moreover, fine, regular, and uniformly distributed inclusions can be obtained with appropriate RE addition. However, the effectiveness of inclusions modification by adding both RE and non-RE elements is closely related to the order of their addition. Second, the applications and advantages of thermodynamic calculations in the study of RE-modified inclusions are introduced. Third, the changes in the corrosion resistance, impact properties,and other properties of steel caused by the modification of inclusions by RE are reviewed. Finally, the perspectives and trends of inclusions modified by RE elements in the steel industry are presented.

关键词： Rare earths Inclusions Modification Thermodynamic calculation Properties change

A new era for paclitaxel biosynthesis is coming

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Molecular Plant 2024年第3期17卷 370-371页

作者： Xiaonan Liu Xiaoxi zhu jian Cheng Huifeng jiang Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesTianjin 300308China National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308China

Paclitaxel(Taxol)stands out as a tetracyclic diterpenoid natural product derived from the endangered plant *** as a pivotal broad-spectrum anticancer drug,it has garnered widespread attention due to its low yield,intricate structure,unique anticancer mechanism,and remarkable efficacy(Tong et al.,2021).Although chemists achieved the total synthesis of paclitaxel 30 years ago,after decades of research,the natural biosynthetic pathway for its production remains an enigma(Ajikumar et al.,2010;Malci et al.,2023).A recent breakthrough,published in Molecular Plant by Alisdair ***'s team,unveils a minimal gene set of 18 genes required for paclitaxel biosynthesis(Zhang et al.,2023),representing a significant mark toward unraveling the entire biosynthetic pathway and enhancing paclitaxel production efficiency.

关键词： breakthrough representing synthesis

Sequence structure controllable polymerization-induced self-assembly

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第1期67卷 390-397页

作者： Zi-Xuan Chang Ren-Man zhu Chun-Yan Hong Wen-jian Zhang Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China

Polymerization-induced self-assembly(PISA)combines synthesis and self-assembly of artificial polymers in one-pot,which brings us one step closer to emulating ***,the reported PISA formulations primarily focus on developing nano-objects with new chemical compositions and rarely on structural regulation of polymers with specific ***,sequence structure controllable polymerization-induced self-assembly(SCPISA)is reported by using 7-(2-methacryloyloxyethoxy)-4-methylcoumarin(CMA)as a *** the copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA)and CMA,controlled incorporation of CMA units into the polymer chains can be realized by programmable light/heat ***-based P(HEMA-co-CMA)copolymers with the same composition but different sequence structures generate a range of ***,the morphologies of the resultant nano-objects can also be controlled by regulating the feed molar ratio of CMA and HEMA,which is similar to the conventional PISA,but the synthesis procedure is obviously simplified in *** versatility of the methodology is further demonstrated by the fabrication of different functional nano-objects with sequence structure-dependent morphologies in SCPISA systems with different functional monomers.

关键词： polymerization-induced self-assembly sequence-controlled polymers PET-RAFT polymerization

Asymptotic Inference in the Random Coefficient Autoregressive Model with Time-functional Variance Noises

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2024年第2期40卷 320-346页

作者： En-wen zhu Zi-wei DENG Han-jun ZHANG jun CAO Xiao-hui LIU Department of Mathematics and Statistics Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha 410114China School of Mathematics and Computational Science Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China School of Statistics and Data Science and Key Laboratory of Data Science in Finance and EconomicsJiangxi University of Finance and EconomicsNanchang 330013China

This paper considers the random coefficient autoregressive model with time-functional variance noises,hereafter the RCA-TFV *** first establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of the conditional least squares estimator for the constant *** semiparametric least squares estimator for the variance of the random coefficient and the nonparametric estimator for the variance function are constructed,and their asymptotic results are reported.A simulation study is presented along with an analysis of real data to assess the performance of our method in finite samples.

关键词： random coefficient autoregressive model time-functional variance conditional least squares semiparametric least squares

Evolution of MnO–SiO2–Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO inclusions during heat treatment at 1100℃

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第5期31卷 1221-1231页

作者： Xu-bo Lei jian-li Li Qiang Zeng Hang-yu zhu Yue Yu The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081HubeiChina Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steelmaking Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081HubeiChina Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081HubeiChina

To investigate the evolutionary behavior of the MnO–SiO_(2)–Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO inclusions during heat treatment,water quenched samples were isothermally held at 1100°C for 120 min in Ar and air atmosphere,and the obtaining samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive *** showed that 3MnO·Al_(2)O_(3)·3SiO_(2)and MnO·SiO_(2)were detected in the 5 wt.%MgO system after isothermal holding in Ar atmosphere,while MgO·Al_(2)O_(3),MnO·SiO_(2)and Mn7O8·SiO4 were detected in air *** evolutionary behavior of the 10,15 and 20 wt.%MgO systems after isothermal holding in different atmosphere were *** affected the solid phase transformation of the low MgO content *** calculation results of FactSage 8.1 showed that MgO·Al_(2)O_(3)was formed in the 5 wt.%MgO system with air *** solid phase transformation was accompanied by grain coarsening during the isothermal holding *** differences in the solid phase transformation in different atmosphere of the 5 wt.%MgO system indicated that it was a gas-phase transport grain coarsening *** enrichment of Al element in the liquid phase region at the grain edges,the homogeneous distribution of Mg element and the disappearance of the liquid phase within the crystal revealed that other MgO content systems were liquid–solid transport grain coarsening mechanism.

关键词： Evolution Glassy phase Inclusion Heat treatment MgO·Al_(2)O_(3)

Danhongqing formula alleviates cholestatic liver fibrosis by downregulating long non-coding RNA H19 derived from cholangiocytes and inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第2期22卷 188-198页

作者： Meng Li Yang Zhou Hui zhu Lie-ming Xu jian Ping Institute of Liver Diseases Shuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China Preventive Treatment Center Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200437 China Department of Gastroenterology Suzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalSuzhou 215000Jiangsu ProvinceChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203China Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases(Ministry of Education) Shanghai 201203China

Objective:This study explores the mechanism of action of Danhongqing formula(DHQ),a compoundbased Chinese medicine formula,in the treatment of cholestatic liver ***:In vivo experiments were conducted using 8-week-old multidrug resistance protein 2 knockout(Mdr2-/-)mice as an animal model of cholestatic liver *** was administered orally for 8 weeks,and its impact on cholestatic liver fibrosis was evaluated by assessing liver function,liver histopathology,and the expression of liver fibrosis-related ***-time polymerase chain reaction,Western blot,immunohistochemistry and other methods were used to observe the effects of DHQ on long non-coding RNA H19(H19)and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)phosphorylation in the liver tissue of Mdr2-/-*** addition,cholangiocytes and hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)were cultured in vitro to measure the effects of bile acids on cholangiocyte injury and H19 *** overexpressing H19 were constructed,and a conditioned medium containing H19 was collected to measure its effects on STAT3 protein expression and cell *** intervention effect of DHQ on these processes was also *** overexpressing H19 were constructed to measure the impact of H19 on cell activation and assess the intervention effect of ***:DHQ alleviated liver injury,ductular reaction,and fibrosis in Mdr2-/-mice,and inhibited H19expression,STAT3 expression and STAT3 *** formula also reduced hydrophobic bile acid-induced cholangiocyte injury and the upregulation of H19,inhibited the activation of HSCs induced by cholangiocyte-derived conditioned medium,and decreased the expression of activation markers in *** overexpression of H19 in a human HSC line confirmed that H19 promoted STAT3 phosphorylation and HSC activation,and DHQ was able to successfully inhibit these ***:DHQ effectively alleviated spontaneous cholestatic liver fibrosis in Md

关键词： Liver cirrhosis biliary Long non-coding RNA H19 Danhongqing formula Cholangiocyte Hepatic stellate cells STAT3 transcription factor

Celastrus orbiculatus Extract Inhibits Immune Inflammatory Thrombotic State of B-Lymphoma

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第11期30卷 1018-1026页

作者： zhu Miao SHI Qing-qing NI jun WU Wei SUN Xing SUN Mei XU Kai-lin LIU Yan-qing GU jian GU Hao Department of Hematology Clinical Medical Col ege Yangzhou University Yangzhou Institute of Hematology Department of Hematology The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University Department of Oncology The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University Yangzhou University Department of Neurology The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of Celastrus orbiculatus extracts（COE） on the proliferation of lymphoma cells and the immune regulation ability on inflammation and thrombophilia in ***:The 38B9 lymphoma cells were treated with COE（160μg/mL） and CTX（25 μmol/L）.The apoptosis rate and cell cycle of each group were detected by flow *** secretion of inflammatory factors,including interleukin（IL）-6,IL-10,and tumor necrosis factor α（TNF-α）,in cell supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）.In vivo,BALB/c mice were subcutaneously injected with 38B9 lymphoma cells to establish lymphoma ***(3 mg·kg-1·d-1) and CTX(40 mg-kg-1·d-1) were administered to the model mice,*** expression of plasma inflammatory factors（IL-6,IL-10 and TNF-α） and thrombus indexes,including D-dimer（D-D）,von Willebrand factor（vWF） and tissue factor（TF）,were detected by ELISA before tumor bearing（1 d）,after tumor formation（14 d） and after intervention（21 d）.PicoGreen dsDNA was used to detect the level of serum neutrophil extracellular traps（NETs）.Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of platelet activation marker calcium-dependent lectin-like receptor 2（CLEC-2）.The tumor growth and survival of mice were ***:The 38B9 lymphoma cells were apoptotic after the intervention of COE and *** ratio of G2-M phase cells decreased in COE intervented cells compared with the control cells（P<0.05）,and S phase cells decreased in CTX intervented cells（P<0.05）.Also,the secretion level of IL-6 was significantly reduced after COE or CTX intervention（P<0.05）,and IL-10 was significantly increased（P<0.05）.Furthermore,the tumor mass was reduced,and the median survival time was longer in COE and CTX intervented tumor-bearing mice than in nonintervented *** significantly lower levels of TNF-α,IL-6,NETs,TF,DD and CLEC-2,as well as higher IL-10 were observed in COE and CTX treatment mice in comparision with the control mice（P

关键词： Celastrus orbiculatus extract immune regulation lymphoma murine lymphoma cells proliferation inhibition thrombotic state tumor inflammation