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Functional analysis of the novel mitochondrial tRNA^(Trp)and tRNA^(Ser(AGY))variants associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第8期15卷 1753-1763页

作者： Yu Ding Xue-Jiao Yu Qin-Xian Guo jian-hang leng Central Laboratory Hangzhou First People’s HospitalHangzhou 310006Zhejiang ProvinceChina Clinical Laboratory Quzhou People’s HospitalQuzhou 324000Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Mutations in mitochondrial tRNA(mt-tRNA)genes that result in mitochondrial dysfunction play important roles in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).We previously reported a large Chinese pedigree with maternally inherited T2DM that harbors novel mt-tRNA^(Trp)A5514G and tRNA^(Ser(AGY))C12237T variants,however,the effects of these mt-tRNA variants on T2DM progression are largely *** To assess the potential pathogenicity of T2DM-associated m.A5514G and m.C12237T variants at genetic,molecular,and biochemical *** Cytoplasmic hybrid(cybrid)cells carrying both m.A5514G and m.C12237T variants,and healthy control cells without these mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)variants were generated using trans-mitochondrial *** features,including mt-tRNA steady-state level,levels of adenosine triphosphate(ATP),mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),reactive oxygen species(ROS),mtDNA copy number,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)/NADH ratio,enzymatic activities of respiratory chain complexes(RCCs),8-hydroxy-deoxyguanine(8-OhdG),malondialdehyde(MDA),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were examined in cell lines with and without these mt-tRNA *** Compared with control cells,the m.A5514G variant caused an approximately 35%reduction in the steady-state level of mt-tRNA^(Trp)(P<0.0001);however,the m.C12237T variant did not affect the mt-tRNA^(Ser(AGY))steady-state level(P=0.5849).Biochemical analysis revealed that cells with both m.A5514G and m.C12237T variants exhibited more severe mitochondrial dysfunctions and elevated oxidative stress than control cells:ATP,MMP,NAD+/NADH ratio,enzyme activities of RCCs and SOD levels were markedly decreased in mutant cells(P<0.05 for all measures).By contrast,the levels of ROS,8-OhdG and MDA were significantly increased(P<0.05 for all measures),but mtDNA copy number was not affected by m.A5514G and m.C12237T variants(P=0.5942).CONCLUSION The m.A5514G variant impaired mt-tRNA^(Trp)metabolism,which subsequent

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Mitochondrial tRNA genes Novel variants Oxidative stress Mitochondrial dysfunctions

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General anesthetic agents induce neurotoxicity through oligodendrocytes in the developing brain

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Zoological Research 2024年第3期45卷 691-703页

作者： Wen-Xin hang Yan-Chang Yang Yu-Han Hu Fu-Quan Fang Lang Wang Xing-Hua Qian Patrick M.McQuillan Hui Xiong jian-hang leng Zhi-Yong Hu Department of Anesthesiology First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310003China Department of Cell Biology Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06520USA Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and TechnologySchool of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310027China Department of Anesthesiology Jiaxing Maternity and Childcare Health HospitalJiaxingZhejiang 314009China Department of Anesthesiology Penn State Hershey Medical CentrePenn State College of MedicineHersheyPA 17033USA Department of Central Laboratory Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s HospitalWestlake University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310006China

General anesthetic agents can impact brain function through interactions with neurons and their effects on glial *** perform essential roles in the central nervous system,including myelin sheath formation,axonal metabolism,and neuroplasticity *** are particularly vulnerable to the effects of general anesthetic agents resulting in impaired proliferation,differentiation,and *** are increasingly interested in the effects of general anesthetic agents on *** agents not only act on the surface receptors of oligodendrocytes to elicit neuroinflammation through modulation of signaling pathways,but also disrupt metabolic processes and alter the expression of genes involved in oligodendrocyte development and *** this review,we summarize the effects of general anesthetic agents on *** anticipate that future research will continue to explore these effects and develop strategies to decrease the incidence of adverse reactions associated with the use of general anesthetic agents.

关键词： Oligodendrocytes General anesthetic agents Neurotoxicity Central nervous system Perioperative neurocognitive disorders

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Gravitational Equivalence Theorem and Double-Copy for Kaluza-Klein Graviton Scattering Amplitudes

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Research 2022年第4期2022卷 411-420页

作者： Yan-Feng hang Hong-jian He Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology(MOE)Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Modern Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Center for High Energy Physics Peking UniversityBeijingChina

We analyze the structure of scattering amplitudes of the Kaluza-Klein (KK) gravitons and of the KK gravitational Goldstone bosons in the compactified 5d general relativity (GR). Using a general Rξ gauge fixing, we study the geometric Higgs mechanism for the massive spin-2 KK gravitons. We newly propose and prove a gravitational equivalence theorem (GRET) to connect the scattering amplitudes of longitudinal KK gravitons to that of the KK gravitational Goldstone bosons, which formulates the geometric gravitational Higgs mechanism at the scatteringS-matrix level. We demonstrate that the GRET provides a general energy cancellation mechanism guaranteeing the N-point longitudinal KK graviton scattering amplitudes to have their leading energy dependence cancelled down by a large power factor of E^(2N)(N≥4) up to any loop level. We propose an improved double-copy approach to construct the massive KK graviton (Goldstone) amplitudes from the KK gauge boson (Goldstone) amplitudes. With these, we establish a new correspondence between the two types of energy cancellations in the four-point longitudinal KK amplitudes at tree level: E^(4)→E0 in the KK gauge theory and E^(10)→E^(2) in the KK GR theory.

关键词： theory gauge guarantee

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The recirculation flow after different cross-section shaped high-rise buildings with applications to ventilation assessment and drag parameterization

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Building Simulation 2024年第4期17卷 509-524页

作者： Keyi Chen Ziwei Mo jian hang School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen University&Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong LaboratoryZhuhai519082China Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System Ministry of EducationZhuhai519000China

The building cross-section shape significantly affects the flow characteristics around buildings,especially the recirculation region behind the high-rise *** generic building shapes including square,triangle,octagon,T-shaped,cross-shaped,#-shaped,H-shaped and L-shaped are examined to elucidate their effects on the flow patterns,recirculation length L and areas A using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations with Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)*** sizes and positions of the vortexes behind the buildings are found to be substantially affected by the building shapes and subsequently changing the recirculation *** recirculation length L is in the range of 1.6b-2.6b with an average of *** maximum L is found for L-shaped building(2.6b)while the shortest behind octagon building(1.6b).The vertical recirculation area Av is in the range of 1.5b^(2)-3.2b^(2)and horizontal area Ah in 0.9b^(2)-2.2b^(2).The L,Av and Ah generally increase with increasing approaching frontal area when the wind direction changes but subject to the dent structures of the#-shaped and cross-shaped *** area-averaged wind velocity ratio(AVR),which is proposed to assess the ventilation performance,is in the range of 0.05 and 0.14,which is around a three-fold difference among the different building *** drag coefficient parameterized by Ah varies significantly,suggesting that previous models without accounting for building shape effect could result in large uncertainty in the drag *** findings provide important reference for improving pedestrian wind environment and shed some light on refining the urban canopy parameterization by considering the building shape effect.

关键词： recirculation region cross-section shape ventilation assessment drag parameterization computational fluid dynamics

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Quantitative characterization of granular size segregation:A critical review

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Particuology 2024年第12期95卷 166-177页

作者： Cong leng Chengfeng Sun Zhehan Liao jian Xu College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044China

Granular size segregation is an inevitable phenomenon in both natural and industrial *** understand the underlying mechanisms and develop effective optimization strategies,it is essential to employ robust methodologies that can quantitatively characterize and evaluate size segregation behaviors in granular *** review critically examines a wide variety of state-of-the-art methodologies from recent studies to quantify granular size *** features of these methodologies are extracted and organized into a comprehensive *** key questions are thoroughly discussed:evaluation criteria for identical segregation states,sensitivity to sample size,the influence of sampling division pattern,and the capability of handling multiple-component ***,we provide an outlook on the future development of advanced and effective methodologies for granular size segregation characterization.

关键词： Granular system Size segregation Quantitative characterization Multi-scale framework

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Simulation and Experiment of Double Grits Interacting Scratch for Optical Glass BK7

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2018年第1期33卷 15-22页

作者：张飞虎李琛 ZHAO hang leng Bing REN Lele School of Mechatronics Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology

The elastic-plastic transition regime and brittle-ductile transition regime in scratch process for optical glass BK7 were analyzed based on the Hertzian equation and the stress ratio theory which was proposed by Wei. The interacting scratch process for optical glass BK7 with the grit interval distance as the variable was simulated by the ABAQUS software of finite element simulation based on the energy fracture theory. Double grits interacting scratch test for optical glass BK7 was carried out on the DMG ULTRASONIC 70-5 linear, by which the reliability of finite element simulation was verified. The surface morphology of the workpiece was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, which showed that the width of groove increased obviously with the increase of scratch depth and the grit interval distance. Results of the width of groove were consistent with the simulation results. The subsurface damage layer was analyzed by the method of HF acid etching, which showed that there was an area of cracks intersecting. The scratching force was measured by the threedimensional dynamometer of KISTLER, which showed that the second scratching force increased with the increase of scratching depth and the grit interval distance. The force in the second scratch was smaller than that in the first time, which was consistent with the Griffith fracture theory.

关键词： double grits interacting scratch optical glass BK7 groove width second scratching force

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Predominance of inhalation route in short-range transmission of respiratory viruses:Investigation based on computational fluid dynamics

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Building Simulation 2023年第5期16卷 765-780页

作者： Wenzhao Chen Li Liu jian hang Yuguo Li Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongChina Department of Building Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen Universityand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519082China Faculty of Architecture The University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongChina

During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,short-range virus transmission has been observed to have a higher risk of causing infection than long-range virus ***,the roles played by the inhalation and large droplet routes cannot be distinguished in practice.A recent analytical study revealed the predominance of short-range inhalation over the large droplet spray route as causes of respiratory *** the current study,short-range exposure was analyzed via computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations using a discrete phase *** facial membranes,including eyes,nostrils,and a mouth,were *** CFD simulations,there is no need for a spherical approximation of the human head for estimating deposition nor the“anisokinetic aerosol sampling”approximation for estimating inhalation in the analytical *** considered two scenarios(with two spheres[Scenario 1]and two human manikins[Scenario 2]),source-target distances of 0.2 to 2 m,and droplet diameters of 3 to 1,500μ*** overall CFD exposure results agree well with data previously obtained from a simple analytical *** CFD results confirm the predominance of the short-range inhalation route beyond 0.2 m for expiratory droplets smaller than 50μm during talking and coughing.A critical droplet size of 87.5μm was found to differentiate droplet *** number of droplets deposited on the target head exceeded those exposed to facial membranes,which implies a risk of exposure through the immediate surface route over a short range.

关键词： airborne transmission close contact short-range inhalation large droplet spray computational fluid dynamics

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Combining cold sintering and Bi_(2)O_(3)-Activated liquid-phase sintering to fabricate high-conductivity Mg-doped NASICON at reduced temperatures

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Journal of Materiomics 2019年第2期5卷 237-246页

作者： Haoyang leng Jiuyuan Nie jian Luo Department of NanoEngineering Program of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093-0448USA

The cold sintering process(CSP)and Bi_(2)O_(3)-activated liquid-phase sintering(LPS)are combined to densify Mg-doped NASICON(Na_(3.256)Mg_(0.128)Zr_(1.872)Si_(2)PO_(12))to achieve high densities and conductivities at reduced *** an example,a cold-sintered specimen with the addition of 1.1wt%Bi_(2)O_(3)sintering additive achieved a high conductivity of 0.91 mS/cm(with~96%relative density)after annealing at 1000℃;this conductivity is>70%higher than that of a cold-sintered specimen without adding the Bi_(2)O_(3)sintering additive,and it is>700%of the conductivity of a dry-pressed counterpart with the same amount of Bi_(2)O_(3)added,all of which are subjected to the same heating *** highest conductivity achieved in this study via combining CSP and Bi_(2)O_(3)-activated LSP is>1.5 mS/*** study suggests an opportunity to combine the new CSP with the traditional LPS to sinter solid electrolytes to achieve high densities and conductivities at reduced *** combined CSP-LPS approach can be extended to a broad range of other materials to fabricate the“thermally fragile”solid electrolytes or solid-state battery systems,where reducing the processing temperature is often desirable.

关键词： Cold sintering process Liquid-phase sintering NASICON Solid electrolytes Solid-state sodium-ion battery

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Unravelling habitat use of Coilia nasus from the Rokkaku River and Chikugo River estuaries of Japan by otolith strontium and calcium

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2018年第6期37卷 52-60页

作者： LIU Hongbo hang Tao YANG jian Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecological Environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Freshwater Fisheries Research Center Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuxi 214081 China

The migratory history of the engraulid fish Coilia nasus in the Rokkaku and Chikugo River estuaries of the Ariake Sea, Japan was assessed using otolith strontium（Sr） X-ray intensity maps and strontium：calcium（Sr：Ca） ratio life history transects by an electron probe microanalyzer（EPMA）. The results showed that seven of the ten specimens from the Rokkaku River Estuary（LJC） and all 15 specimens collected in the Chikugo River Estuary（ZHC） had low Sr：Ca ratios（≤3） at the central otolith area, indicating their riverine origin and initial freshwater residence. After the first regime shift adjacent to natal regions, the Sr level mapping displayed a wide variety of color patterns, and the Sr：Ca ratios obtained by the line transect analysis could be divided into one to six significantly different phases indicative of gradual life history transition. The other three specimens from the Rokkaku River Estuary had high Sr：Ca ratios（3–6.7） at the central otolith area but showed alternating changes between low and high values outside the natal region, suggesting that estuarine-origin individuals occurred in the Rokkaku River Estuary. The two-dimensional maps of the Sr level and average of the otolith Sr：Ca ratios along the life-history transects could be used as effective tools for reconstruction of past habitat use of the tapertail anchovy in estuaries of the Ariake Sea, Japan.

关键词： Coilia nasus otolith microchemistry habitat use Rokkaku River Chikugo River

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Textures of high-strength and low-expansion Fe-Ni alloy wires during cold-drawing processes

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2009年第6期16卷 667-671页

作者： leng Chen jian-fu Zhang Li Zhang Li Meng School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Department of Ftmctional Materials Central/roll and Steel Research Institute Beijing 100081 China

Textures of high-strength and low-expansion Fe-Ni alloy wires during cold-drawing processes were investigated using X-ray diffraction （XRD） and electron back scatter diffraction （EBSD） techniques. The experimental results show that the 〈111〉 and 〈100〉 fibre textures are the main texture components, and crystalline grains in the surface are more fine and uniform than those in the center of Fe-Ni alloy wires during cold-drawing processes. It is found that the volume fraction of the 〈111〉 fibre texture component determined by quantitative regression calculation of the Gaussian distribution function reaches more than 60% and the strong 〈111〉 fibre texture component favors the torsional property of Fe-Ni alloy wires.

关键词： Fe-Ni alloy cold-drawing texture pole figure orientation mapping

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