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Unmet needs in biomarkers for autoimmune pancreatitis diagnosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第6期30卷 523-526页

作者： Bao-Can Wang jian-gao fan Department of Gastroenterology Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China

Autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP)is a rare chronic autoimmune disorder.The diagnosis of AIP mainly depends on histopathology,imaging and response to treatment.Serum immunoglobulin 4(IgG4)is used only as collateral evidence in diagnostic criteria for AIP because of its moderate sensitivity.Serum IgG4 levels are normal in 15%-37%of type 1 AIP and most of type 2 AIP patients.In these patients,the indeterminate imaging and histopathology may lead to the difficulty in definitive diagnosis of AIP.Therefore,discovery of new biomarkers is impor-tant for AIP diagnosis.Here,we provide some views on the progression and challenges in identifying novel serological biomarkers in AIP diagnosis.

关键词： Autoimmune pancreatitis Immunoglobulin G4 Biomarker,Cytokine Autoantibody

Prevalence and risk factors for impaired renal function among Asian patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第3期23卷 241-248页

作者： Chao Sun George Boon-Bee Goh Wan-Cheng Chow Wah-Kheong Chan Grace Lai-Hung Wong Wai-Kay Seto Yi-Hsiang Huang Han-Chieh Lin I-Cheng Lee Hye Won Lee Seung Up Kim Vincent Wai-Sun Wong jian-gao fan Center for Fatty Liver Disease Department of GastroenterologyXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and NutritionShanghai 200092China Department of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Singapore General HospitalSingaporeSingapore Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Medicine The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of MedicineTaipeiTaiwanChina Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwanChina Faculty of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of MedicineTaipeiTaiwanChina Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea

Background:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is associated with impaired renal function,and both diseases often occur alongside other metabolic disorders.However,the prevalence and risk factors for impaired renal function in patients with NAFLD remain unclear.The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and risk factors for renal impairment in NAFLD patients.Methods:All adults aged 18-70 years with ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD and transient elastography examination from eight Asian centers were enrolled in this prospective study.Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis were assessed by FibroScan-aspartate aminotransferase(FAST),Agile 3+and Agile 4 scores.Impaired renal function and chronic kidney disease(CKD)were defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)with value of<90 mL/min/1.73 m^(2) and<60 mL/min/1.73 m^(2),respectively,as estimated by the CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration(CKD-EPI)equation.Results:Among 529 included NAFLD patients,the prevalence rates of impaired renal function and CKD were 37.4%and 4.9%,respectively.In multivariate analysis,a moderate-high risk of advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis according to Agile 3+and Agile 4 scores were independent risk factors for CKD(P<0.05).Furthermore,increased fasting plasma glucose(FPG)and blood pressure were significantly associated with impaired renal function after controlling for the other components of metabolic syndrome(P<0.05).Compared with patients with normoglycemia,those with prediabetes[FPG≥5.6 mmol/L or hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)≥5.7%]were more likely to have impaired renal function(P<0.05).Conclusions:Agile 3+and Agile 4 are reliable for identifying NAFLD patients with high risk of CKD.Early glycemic control in the prediabetic stage might have a potential renoprotective role in these patients.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Impaired renal function Agile 3+ Agile 4 Metabolic syndrome

Gut microbiome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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国际肝胆胰疾病杂志:英文版 2023年第5期22卷 444-451页

作者： Meng-Yuan Wu jian-gao fan Xiangya School of Medicine Central South UniversityChangsha 410013China Department of Gastroenterology Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Shanghai 200092China

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally and imposed a heavy economic burden on society and individuals.To date,the pathological process of NAFLD is not yet fully elucidated.Compelling evidences have demonstrated the pivotal role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of NAFLD,and gut dysbiosis has been commonly observed in patients with NAFLD.Gut dysbiosis impairs gut permeability,allowing the translocation of bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharides(LPS),short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and ethanol to the liver via portal blood flow.This review aimed to shed light on the underlying mechanisms by which gut microbiota influences the development and progression of NAFLD.In addition,the potential application of gut microbiome as a non-invasive diagnostic tool and a novel therapeutical target was reviewed.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Gut microbiome Dysbiosis Intestinal permeability

The role of the gut microbiome in chronic liver diseases:Present insights and future outlook

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国际肝胆胰疾病杂志:英文版 2023年第5期22卷 441-443页

作者： Lu jiang jian-gao fan Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Shanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China Department of Gastroenterology Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China

The human gastrointestinal tract harbors trillions of microbes including bacteria,viruses,and fungi that facilitate digestion and nutrient absorption,thereby affecting host metabolism and immunity.The liver communicat... 详细信息

关键词： metabolism diseases thereby

From NAFLD to MAFLD: Not just a change in the name

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第6期21卷 511-513页

作者： Jing Zeng jian-gao fan Department of Gastroenterology Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Shanghai 200092China

The names of many diseases have changed over time,and the criteria of successfully changing the name of a disease should make sense,be easy to say and write,get quick endorsement by professional societies,and keep the same acronym.In general,a change in the name of a disease usually represents an improve-ment in the understanding of the disease,whether on clinical set-tings and natural history or pathophysiological aspects.The suc-cessful renamed liver diseases in history include from non-A non-B hepatitis,non-B non-C hepatitis,primary biliary cirrhosis to hep-atitis C,hepatitis E and primary biliary cholangitis,respectively.Therefore,the rename of the disease that is finally used usually clearly indicates its main characteristics.

关键词： diseases NAFLD clinical

Acetylene/argon mixture plasma to build ultrathin carbon bridge of CFx/C/MnO2 for high-rate lithium primary battery

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Rare Metals 2024年第6期43卷 2574-2584页

作者： Da-Wei Zou Xing-Guang Fu gao-Bang Chen Yi-fan Liu Bao-Shan Wu Xian jian School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou) University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

Forming an ultrathin conducting layer on a fluorinated carbon（CFx） surface for reducing severe electrochemical polarization in lithium/fluorinated carbon primary batteries（Li/CFx） remains a considerable challenge for achieving batteries with excellent rate capability.Herein,CFxwas modified by using acetylene/argon mixture plasma combined with MnO2particles.The CFx/C/MnO2composite effectively reduced the voltage hysteresis and improved the electrochemical performance of Li/CFx.The excellent rate performance of CFx/C/MnO2was due to the high electrochemical activity provided by the atomicscale conductive carbon layer and ultrafine MnO2particles.Compared with pristine CFx,the charge transfer resistance of the optimized CFx/C/MnO2decreased from 218.5 to 48.2 Ω,the discharge rate increased from 2C to 10C,and the power density increased from 3.11 to 13.44 kW·g-1,The intrinsic reason for the enhanced rate performance was attributed to the fact that the ultrathin carbon layer acted as a conductive bridge to reduce the voltage hysteresis at the initial stage of the Li/CFxdischarge,and the high electrochemical activity of the ultrafine MnO2particles provided a faster lithium-ion diffusion rate.

关键词： C 2 H 2 /Ar plasma Fluorinated carbon Lithium primary battery MnO 2

Uncovering the electrooxidation behavior of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural on Ni/Co electrodes

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 1-7页

作者： Shilin fan Bin Zhu Xiao Yu Yang gao Weiping Xie Yong Yang jian Zhang Chunlin Chen Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology&Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201ZhejiangChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Biomass,derived from plant photosynthesis that captures carbon dioxide to form carbohydrates,offers vast renewable reserves.The electrooxidation of biomass,coupled with the hydrogen evolution reaction,enables the simultaneous production of biomass-based plastic monomers and green hydrogen,attracting significant scholarly interest.However,ambiguity remains regarding the adsorption mechanism at the catalyst surface(Langmuir-Hinshelwood or Eley-Rideal)and the adsorbed substrate groups.To address this,we prepared a Ni/Co electrode for the electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA)through a corrosion reaction and electro-reduction pathway.HMF conversion reached 100.00%,FDCA yield reached 96.82%,and Faradic efficiency(FE)reached 92.14%.Meaningfully,utilizing in-situ spectroscopy and electrochemical methods,this work provided valuable insights into active sites and catalyst surface adsorption.

关键词： Electrocatalysis Electrochemistry 2,5-Furandicarboxylicacid 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Biomass

Control of fine particulate nitrate during severe winter haze in“2+26”cities

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 261-269页

作者： Chuang Qin Xiao Fu Tao Wang jian gao Jiaqi Wang Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 99907China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 10084China

The“2+26”cities,suffering the most severe winter haze pollution,have been the key region for air quality improvement in China.Increasing prominent nitrate pollution is one of the most challenging environmental issues in this region,necessitating development of an effective control strategy.Herein,we use observations,and state-of-the-art model simulations with scenario analysis and process analysis to quantify the effectiveness of the future SO_(2)-NO_(X)-VOC-NH_(3) emission control on nitrate pollution mitigation in“2+26”cities.Focusing on a serious winter haze episode,we find that limited NO_(X)emission reduction alone in the short-term period is a less effective choice than VOC or NH_3emission reduction alone to decrease nitrate concentrations,due to the accelerated NO_(X)-HNO_(3)conversion by atmospheric oxidants and the enhanced HNO_(3)to NO_(3)^(-)partition by ammonia,although deep NO_(X)emission reduction is essential in the long-term period.The synergistic NH_(3) and VOC emission control is strongly recommended,which can counteract the adverse effects of nonlinear photochemistry and aerosol chemical feedback to decrease nitrate more.Such extra benefits will be reduced if the synergistic NH_(3) and VOC reduction is delayed,and thus reducing emission of multiple precursors is urgently required for the effective control of increasingly severe winter nitrate pollution in“2+26”cities.

关键词： Nitrate Winter haze pollution Emission reduction “2+26”cities

AWells-Riley/based COVID-19 infectiousrisk assessment model combining both short rangeandroom scale effects

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Building Simulation 2024年第1期17卷 93-111页

作者： Yinshuai Feng Yifan fan Xiaoyu Luo jian Ge College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Center for Balance Architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina International Research Center for Green Building and Low-Carbon City International CampusZhejiang UniversityHainingChina

There is growing evidence of the high transmission potential of COVID-19 through virus-laden aerosols.Because aerosols are inhaled in various concentrations,an overall assessment of transmission risks at different indoor scales is crucial.However,a comprehensive risk assessment method that evaluates the direct link between short-range and room-scale zones is stl lacking.In this paper,a risk assessment model combining both short-range and room-scale effects is developed to obtain effective reproduction number in confined indoor environments,called Turbulent Jet Wells Riley(TJWR)model.Combined with the viral load data and aerosol generation data of different human respiratory activities,the Monte Carlo simulation method is applied to calculate the quanta emission rate,which further provides the input parameters of the TJWR model.Three known outbreaks(Hangzhou banquet hall X,Guangzhou restaurant Y,and Hong Kong restaurant Z,China)are chosen to validate the TJWR model.Results show that the TJWR model is more efficient than the original Wells-Riley model.The average relative error of the TJWR model ranges between 9%and 44%,while for the Wells-Riley model,it ranges between 57%and 78%.The TJWR model also proves that infection risk assessments using the well-mixed assumption can systematically underestimate the transmission risk for those close to the source.Additionally,there is a significant positive linear correlation between the total number of exposed individuals at the short-range and the effective reproduction number.This newly developed TJWR model has great potential for rapid and real-time overall airborne transmission risk assessment in buildings and cities.

关键词： COVID-19 airborne transmission infection risk Wells-Riley model Monte Carlo simulation