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U.Taxonstand:An R package for standardizing scientific names of plants and animals

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Plant Diversity 2023年第1期45卷 1-5页

作者： Jian Zhang Hong Qian Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal University200241ShanghaiChina Research and Collections Center Illinois State Museum1011 East As SreetSpringfieldI62703USM

The scientific names of organisms are key identifiers of plants and animals.Correctly treating scientific names is a prerequisite for biodiversity research and documentation.Here,we present an R package,’U.Taxonstand’,which can standardize and harmonize scientific names in plant and animal species lists at a fast speed and at a high rate of matching success.Unlike most of other similar R packages each of which works with only one taxonomic database,U.Taxonstand can work with all taxonomic databases,as long as they are properly formatted.Multiple databases for plants and animals that can be directly used by U.Taxonstand,which include bryophytes,vascular plants,amphibians,birds,fishes,mammals,and reptiles,are available online.U.Taxonstand can be a very useful tool for botanists,zoologists,ecologists and biogeographers to standardize and harmonize scientific names of organisms.

关键词： Biodiversity informatics Scientific names Species name matching Taxonomic harmonization Taxonomic tool U.Taxonstand

Global patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of flowering plants: Biodiversity hotspots and coldspots

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Plant Diversity 2023年第3期45卷 265-271页

作者： Hong Qian Jian Zhang Meichen jiang Research and Collections Center Illinois State Museum1011 East Ash StreetSpringfieldIL 62703USA Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China

Species diversity of angiosperms(flowering plants) varies greatly among regions.Geographic patterns of variation in species diversity are shaped by the interplay of ecological and evolutionary processes.Here,using a comprehensive data set for regional angiosperm floras across the world,we show geographic patterns of taxonomic(species) diversity,phylogenetic diversity,phylogenetic dispersion,and phylogenetic deviation(i.e.,phylogenetic diversity after accounting for taxonomic diversity) across the world.Phylogenetic diversity is strongly and positively correlated with taxonomic diversity;as a result,geographic patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity across the world are highly similar.Areas with high taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity are located in tropical regions whereas areas with low taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity are located in temperate regions,particularly in Eurasia and North America,and in northern Africa.Similarly,phylogenetic dispersion is,in general,higher in tropical regions and lower in temperate regions.However,the geographic pattern of phylogenetic deviation differs substantially from those of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic dispersion.As a result,hotspots and coldspots of angiosperm diversity identified based on taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic dispersion are incongruent with those identified based on phylogenetic deviations.Each of these metrics may be considered when selecting areas to be protected for their biodiversity.

关键词： Angiosperm Biodiversity hotspot Phylogenetic diversity Phylogenetic structure Species richness

Does regional species diversity resist biotic invasions?

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Plant Diversity 2023年第3期45卷 353-357页

作者： Qinfeng Guo Hong Qian Jian Zhang USDA FS-Southern Research Station 3041 E.Cornwallis RoadResearch Triangle ParkNC 27709USA Research and Collections Center Illinois State Museum1011 East Ash StreetSpringfieldIL 62703USA Research Center of Global Change and Complex Ecosystems Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

The role of regional species diversity in large-scale species invasions has been largely controversial.On the one hand,it has been proposed that diversity may facilitate invasion(“diversity begets diversity”)because regions with higher diversity may indicate favorable conditions for many more species.On the other hand,high diversity may indicate high levels of niche occupation,thus making it more difficult for new species to invade.In the past,invasion biologists have evaluated how regional native and exotic richness are related.Here,we test whether the range size of exotic species may be constrained by regional native richness using plant data from three continental regions in the Northern Hemisphere,i.e.,Europe,Eastern Asia,and North America.We found that regional native plant diversity is inversely related to the range size of exotic species.This result may be due to stronger species interactions such as competition in species-rich habitats that limit the establishment and spread of exotic species.

关键词： Competition Degree of invasion Distribution Invasibility Range size

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张健:学校建筑本身就在发生教育

建筑学报 2021年第3期 52-53页

作者：张健深圳市福田区红岭中学(红岭教育集团)党委深圳市福田区教育局

作为一个教育人来探讨新校园建设的话题,我觉得特别有意义。我在教育系统工作了30多年,担任校长也接近20年,参与了多次老学校的改扩建和新学校的设计建造,对学校建筑的建设逐步有了一点认识和感悟。作为学校建筑的最终用户,我想我们的... 详细信息

作为一个教育人来探讨新校园建设的话题,我觉得特别有意义。我在教育系统工作了30多年,担任校长也接近20年,参与了多次老学校的改扩建和新学校的设计建造,对学校建筑的建设逐步有了一点认识和感悟。作为学校建筑的最终用户,我想我们的体验和需求对于政府管理部门的决策者和建筑师来说,也是非常重要的参考。所以我想结合深圳红岭实验小学的理念确定、设计建造、办学实践,从一个校长的角度谈谈对于如何设计建造-所好学校的几点建议。

关键词：办学实践最终用户设计建造新校园建设政府管理部门实验小学校长改扩建

Sharp Condition for Global Existence of Supercritical Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation with a Partial Confinement

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2023年第1期39卷 202-210页

作者： Cheng-lin WANG Jian Zhang University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731China

We study the L^(2)-supercritical nonlinear Schrodinger equation(NLS) with a partial confinement,which is the limit case of the cigar-shaped model in Bose-Einstein condensate(BEC). By constructing a cross constrained variational problem and establishing the invariant manifolds of the evolution fow, we show a sharp condition for global existence.

关键词： nonlinear Schrodinger equation Bose-Einstein condensate cross-constrained variational problem global existence sharp condition

Foundation Treatment in Urban Underground Engineering Using Big Data Analysis for Smart City Applications

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第7期131卷 153-172页

作者： Fei Liu Yunkai zhang Jian Zhang School of Civil and Transportation Engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing102616China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design Beijing102616China School of Science Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing102616China

A core element of the sustainable approach to global living quality improvement can now become the intensive and organized usage of underground space.There is a growing interest in underground building and growth worldwide.The reduced consumption of electricity,effective preservation of green land,sustainable wastewater and sewage treatment,efficient reverse degradation of the urban environment,and reliable critical infrastructure management can improve the quality of life.At the same time,technological innovations such as artificial intelligence(AI),cloud computing(CC),the internet of things(IoT),and big data analytics(BDA)play a significant role in improved quality of life.Hence,this study aims to integrate the technological innovations in urban underground engineering to ensure a high quality of life.Thus,this study uses big data analytics to carry out the status quo of foundation treatment and proposes a conceptual framework named the BDA with IoT on urban underground engineering(BI0T-UUE).This framework connects hidden features with various high-level sensing sources and practical predictive model characterization to lower building costs,productive infrastructure management,preparedness for disasters,and modern community smart services.The IoT integration gives an optimum opportunity to work towards the functionality of‘‘digital doubles’’of secret infrastructure,both economical and scalable,with the increasing sophistication and tooling of the underworld.The simulation analysis ensures the highest efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the underground engineering with a value of 96.54%and 97.46%.

关键词： Underground engineering internet of things big data analytics status quo economic and social smart city

Explore artificial neural networks for solving complex hydrocarbon chemistry in turbulent reactive flows

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Fundamental Research 2022年第4期2卷 595-603页

作者： jian An Fei Qin Jian Zhang Zhuyin Ren Institte for Aero Engine Tsinghua UniversitBejing 100084China Seience and Technology on Combustion Internal Flow and Thermal-structure LaboratoryNorthwesterm Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China

Global warming caused by the use of fossil fuels is a common concern of the world today.It is of practical importance to conduct in-depth fundamental research and optimal design for modern engine combustors through However,complex hydrocarbon chemistry,an indispensable component for predictive modeling,is computahigh-fidelity computational fluid dynamics(CFD),so as to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction.tionally demanding,Its application in simulation-based design optimization,although desirable,is quite limited.To address this challenge,we propose a methodology for representing complex chemistry with artificial neural networks(ANNs),which are trained with a comprehensive sample dataset generated by the Latin hypercube sampling(LHS)method.With a given chemical kinetic mechanism,the thermochemical sample data is able to cover the whole accessible pressure/temperature/species space in various turbulent flames.The ANN-based model consists of two different layers:the self-organizing map(SOM)and the back-propagation neural network(BPNN).The methodology is demonstrated to represent a 30-species methane chemical mechanism.The obtained ANN model is applied to simulate both a non-premixed turbulent flame(DLR_A)and a partially premixed turbulent flame(Flame D)to validate its applicability for different flames.Results show that the ANN-based chemical kinetics can reduce the computational cost by about two orders of magnitude without loss of accuracy,The proposed methodology can successfully construct an ANN-based chemical mechanism with significant ffciency gain and a broad scope of applicability,and thus holds a great potential for complex hydrocarbon fuels.

关键词： Chemical kinetics Turbulent combustion Artificial neural network Machine learning Numerical simulation

Global patterns of fern species diversity:An evaluation of fern data in GBIF

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Plant Diversity 2022年第2期44卷 135-140页

作者： Hong Qian Jian Zhang Mei-Chen jiang Research and Collections Center Illinois State Museum1011 East Ash StreetSpringfieldIL 62703USA Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal University200241 ShanghaiChina

Despite that several studies have shown that data derived from species lists generated from distribution occurrence records in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility(GBIF)are not appropriate for those ecological and biogeographic studies that require high sampling completeness,because species lists derived from GBIF are generally very incomplete,Suissa et al.(2021)generated fern species lists based on data with GBIF for 100 km×100 km grid cells across the world,and used the data to determine fern diversity hotspots and species richness-climate relationships.We conduct an evaluation on the completeness of fern species lists derived from GBIF at the grid-cell scale and at a larger spatial scale,and determine whether fern data derived from GBIF are appropriate for studies on the relations of species composition and richness with climatic variables.We show that species sampling completeness of GBIF is low(<40%)for most of the grid cells examined,and such low sampling completeness can substantially bias the investigation of geographic and ecological patterns of species diversity and the identification of diversity hotspots.We conclude that fern species lists derived from GBIF are generally very incomplete across a wide range of spatial scales,and are not appropriate for studies that require data derived from species lists in high completeness.We present a map showing global patterns of fern species diversity based on complete or nearly complete regional fern species lists.

关键词： Climate Data bias Fern GBIF Species diversity Species list

Adding the impacts of biological crusts on sand and dust storm emission in Asia

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第3期14卷 406-415页

作者： Jian Zhang Chun-Hong ZHOU jian-Yan LU Hong WANG Xiao-Ye zhang Key Laboratory for AerosoleCloudePrecipitation of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences&Institute of Atmospheric Composition Beijing 100081China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

Although biological crusts(biocrusts)grant stability to dust source areas by inhibiting dust emission,only a few models have explicitly considered their inhibitory effect.In this study,we used the China Meteorological Administration Unified Atmospheric Chemistry Environment/Dust model and combined retrieved biocrust information with two biocrust inhibition schemes(roughness length and biocrust strength schemes)to study numerically the inhibitory effect of biocrusts on a strong dust storm that occurred in Central and East Asia on 25−30 Mar.2018.The inhibitory effect of biocrusts on dust emission increased with biocrust coverage.The total dust emission forecasted by the roughness length and biocrust strength schemes was reduced by approximately 56.7%and 47.9%on average,respectively.In downstream sites in China,the surface mass concentrations of PM10 forecasted by the roughness length and biocrust strength schemes decreased by 36%–57%and 24%–41%,respectively.When biocrusts were considered,the forecast for stations near the dust source area considerably improved and that for stations distant from the source area became more reasonable but with larger bias under the combined effects of emission,transport and deposition.

关键词： Biological crust Dust emission CUACE/Dust Roughness length scheme Biocrust strength scheme