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Control of fine particulate nitrate during severe winter haze in“2+26”cities

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 261-269页

作者： Chuang Qin Xiao Fu Tao Wang jian gao Jiaqi Wang Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 99907China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 10084China

The“2+26”cities,suffering the most severe winter haze pollution,have been the key region for air quality improvement in China.Increasing prominent nitrate pollution is one of the most challenging environmental issues in this region,necessitating development of an effective control strategy.Herein,we use observations,and state-of-the-art model simulations with scenario analysis and process analysis to quantify the effectiveness of the future SO_(2)-NO_(X)-VOC-NH_(3) emission control on nitrate pollution mitigation in“2+26”cities.Focusing on a serious winter haze episode,we find that limited NO_(X)emission reduction alone in the short-term period is a less effective choice than VOC or NH_3emission reduction alone to decrease nitrate concentrations,due to the accelerated NO_(X)-HNO_(3)conversion by atmospheric oxidants and the enhanced HNO_(3)to NO_(3)^(-)partition by ammonia,although deep NO_(X)emission reduction is essential in the long-term period.The synergistic NH_(3) and VOC emission control is strongly recommended,which can counteract the adverse effects of nonlinear photochemistry and aerosol chemical feedback to decrease nitrate more.Such extra benefits will be reduced if the synergistic NH_(3) and VOC reduction is delayed,and thus reducing emission of multiple precursors is urgently required for the effective control of increasingly severe winter nitrate pollution in“2+26”cities.

关键词： Nitrate Winter haze pollution Emission reduction “2+26”cities

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Evaluating the performance and influencing factors of three portable black carbon monitors for field measurement

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 320-333页

作者： Liqing Wu Yicheng Shen Fei Che Yuzhe Zhang jian gao Chong Wang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Jinan Ecological Environmental Protection Grid-Based Supervision Center Jinan 250013China

Black carbon(BC)is associated with adverse human health and climate change.Mapping BC spatial distribution imperatively requires low-cost and portable devices.Several portable BC monitors are commercially available,but their accuracy and reliability are not always satisfactory during continuous field observation.This study evaluated three models of portable black carbon monitors,C12,MA350 and DST,and investigates the factors that affect their performance.The monitors were tested in urban Beijing,where portable devices running for one month alongside a regular-size reference aethalometer AE33.The study considers several factors that could influence the monitors'performance,including ambient weather,aerosol composition,loading artifacts,and built-in algorithms.The results show that MA350and DST present considerable discrepancies to the reference instrument,mainly occurring at lower concentrations(0-500 ng/m^(3))and higher concentrations(2500-8000 ng/m^(3)),respectively.These discrepancies were likely caused by the anomalous noise of MA350 and the loading artifacts of DST.The study also suggests that the ambient environment has limited influence on the monitors'performance,but loading artifacts and accompanying compensation algorithms can result in unrealistic data.Based on the evaluation,the study suggests that C12 is the best choice for unsupervised field measurement,DST should be used in scenarios where frequent maintenance is available,and MA350 is suitable for research purposes with post-processing applicable.The study highlights the importance of assigning portable BC monitors to appropriate applications and the need for optimized real-time compensation algorithms.

关键词： Black carbon Aethalometer Loading artifact Performance evaluation Portable device

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Metadherin promotes stem cell phenotypes and correlated with immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第8期30卷 901-918页

作者： Yi-Ying Wang Mei-Mei Shen jian gao Department of Gastroenterology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400010China Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400010China

BACKGROUND Metadherin(MTDH)is a key oncogene in most cancer types,including hepato-cellular carcinoma(HCC).Notably,MTDH does not affect the stemness pheno-type or immune infiltration of HCC.AIM To explore the role of MTDH on stemness and immune infiltration in HCC.METHODS MTDH expression in HCC tissues was detected using TCGA and GEO databases.Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the tissue samples.MTDH was stably knocked down or overexpressed by lentiviral transfection in the two HCC cell lines.The invasion and migration abilities of HCC cells were evaluated using Matrigel invasion and wound healing assays.Next,we obtained liver cancer stem cells from the spheroids by culturing them in a serum-free medium.Gene expression was determined by western blotting and quantitative reverse transcri-ption PCR.Flow cytometry,immunofluorescence,and tumor sphere formation assays were used to characterize stem-like cells.The effects of MTDH inhibition on tumor growth were evaluated in vivo.The correlation of MTDH with immune cells,immunomodulators,and chemokines was analyzed using ssGSEA and TISIDB databases.RESULTS HCC tissues expressed higher levels of MTDH than normal liver tissues.High MTDH expression was associated with a poor prognosis.HCC cells overex-pressing MTDH exhibited stronger invasion and migration abilities,exhibited a stem cell-like phenotype,and formed spheres;however,MTDH inhibition attenuated these effects.MTDH inhibition suppressed HCC progression and CD133 expression in vivo.MTDH was positively correlated with immature dendritic,T helper 2 cells,central memory CD8^(+)T,memory B,activated dendritic,natural killer(NK)T,NK,activated CD4^(+)T,and central memory CD4^(+)T cells.MTDH was negatively correlated with activated CD8^(+)T cells,eosinophils,activated B cells,monocytes,macrophages,and mast cells.A positive correlation was observed between the MTDH level and CXCL2 expression,whereas a negative correlation was observed between the MTDH level and CX3CL1 and CXCL12 expression.CONCLUSION High levels of M

关键词： Metadherin Hepatocellular carcinoma Cancer stem cells Immune infiltration

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Research on ozone formation sensitivity based on observational methods:Development history,methodology,and application and prospects in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 543-560页

作者： Wanghui Chu Hong Li Yuanyuan Ji Xin Zhang Likun Xue jian gao Cong An State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Environment Research Institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China

Observation-based method for O_(3)formation sensitivity research is an important tool to analyze the causes of ground-level O_(3)pollution,which has broad application potentials in determining the O_(3)pollution formation mechanism and developing prevention and control strategies.This paper outlined the development history of research on O_(3)formation sensitivity based on observational methods,described the principle and applicability of the methodology,summarized the relative application results in China and provided recommendations on the prevention and control of O_(3)pollution in China based on relevant study results,and finally pointed out the shortcomings and future development prospects in this field in China.The overview study showed that the O_(3)formation sensitivity in some urban areas in China in recent years presented a gradual shifting tendency from the VOC-limited regime to the transition regime or the NO_(x)-limited regime due to the implementation of the O_(3)precursors emission reduction policies;O_(3)pollution control strategies and precursor control countermeasures should be formulated based on local conditions and the dynamic control capability of O_(3)pollution control measures should be improved.There are still some current deficiencies in the study field in China.Therefore,it is recommended that a stereoscopic monitoring network for atmospheric photochemical components should be further constructed and improved;the atmospheric chemical mechanisms should be vigorously developed,and standardized methods for determining the O_(3)formation sensitivity should be established in China in the near future.

关键词： Observation-based method Ozone formation sensitivity Ozone pollution prevention and control VOCs NO_(x) OBM

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Laboratory and field evaluation of a low-cost optical particle sizer

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 215-225页

作者： Mingzhen Tang Yicheng Shen Yanzhen Ge jian gao Chong Wang Liqing Wu Shuchun Si State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Jinan Grid-Based Supervision Center of Ecological and Environmental Protection Jinan 250100China Tai’an Ecological Environment Protection Control Center Tai’an 271000China School of Physics Shandong UniversityJinan 250013China

Low-cost sensors are widely used to collect high-spatial-resolution particulate matter data that traditional reference monitoring devices cannot.In addition to the mass concentration,the number concentration and size distribution are also fundamental in determining the origin and hazard level of particulate pollution.Therefore,low-cost optical sensors have been improved to establish optical particle sizers(OPSs).In this study,a low-cost OPS,the Nova SDS029,is introduced,and it is evaluated in comparison to two reference instruments—the GRIMM 11-D and the TSI 3330.We first tested the sizing accuracy using polystyrene latex spheres.Then,we assessed the mass and number size distribution accuracy in three application scenarios:indoor smoking,ambient air quality,and mobile monitoring.The evaluations suggest that the low-cost SDS029 rivals research-grade optical sizers in many aspects.For example,(1)the particle diameters obtained with the SDS029 are close to the reference instruments(usually<10%)in the 0.3-5μm range;(2)the number of particles and mass concentration are highly correlated(r≥0.99)with the values obtained with the reference instruments;and(3)the SDS029 slightly underestimates the number concentration,but the derived PM_(2.5)values are closer to monitoring station than the reference instruments.The successful application of the SDS029 in multiple scenarios suggests that a plausible particle size distribution can be obtained in an easy and cost-efficient way.We believe that low-cost OPSs will increasingly be used to map the sources and risk levels of particles at the city scale.

关键词： Optical particle sizer Particle size distribution Low-cost sensor Evaluation Field application

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Gray Images of Constacyclic Codes over a Non-chain Extension of Z_(4)

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Algebra Colloquium 2024年第1期31卷 11-24页

作者： Cruz Mohan Karthick Gowdhaman Durairajan Chinnapillai jian gao Department of Mathematics Bishop Heber CollegeTrichyTamil NaduIndia Presidency University BengaluruKarnatakaIndia School of Mathematics and Statistics Shandong University of Technology ZiboShandong 255000China

Let Z_(4) be the ring of integers modulo 4.We study the Λ-constacyclic and(θ,Λ)-cyclic codes over the non-chain ring R=Z_(4)[u,v]/for a unit Λ=1+2u+2v in R.We define several Gray maps and find that the respective Gray images of a quasi-cyclic code over Z_(4) are cyclic,quasi-cyclic or permutation equivalent to this code.For an odd positive integer n,we determine the generator polynomials of cyclic and Λ-constacyclic codes of length n over R.Further,we prove that a(θ,Λ)-cyclic code of length n is a Λ-constacyclic code if n is odd,and a Λ-quasi-twisted code if n is even.A few examples are also incorporated,in which two parameters are new and one is best known to date.

关键词： non-chain ring linear code Ot-cyclic code Gray map (θ_(t),Λ)-cyclic code

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NaBH4-induced phase transition of CoSe_(2) with abundant Se deficiency for acidic oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 500-510页

作者： Cai-Di Han Yong-Chao Zhang Qian Zhang Jin-Ting Wu jian gao Ji-Jun Zou Xiao-Dong Zhu State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction(ORR)via the 2e−pathway to form H_(2)O_(2) in acidic medium has attracted extensive attention.However,the low activity,insufficient selectivity and high cost of catalysts have been the bottlenecks.Herein,CoSe_(2) with abundant Se deficiency was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method,and the addition of NaBH4-induced CoSe_(2) phase transition from orthorhombic to cubic phase with more Se deficiency.The cubic phase CoSe_(2) with abundant Se deficiency can effectively regulate the surface electronic structure with suitable binding energies of*OOH and*O,which shows high activity,selectivity and long-term stability for acidic ORR to H_(2)O_(2).The onset potential is as low as 0.73 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE),the H_(2)O_(2) selectivity is 84%(0 V vs.RHE),and the average electron transfer number is about 2.3.Furthermore,the H_(2)O_(2) yield measured using a flow cell is as high as 115.92 mmol·gcat.^(−1)·h^(−1) and the Faradaic efficiency is 70%at 0 V vs.RHE,which presents high potential in electrocatalytic acidic ORR to H_(2)O_(2) and organic pollutant degradation using the electron-Fenton process.

关键词： Se defected CoSe_(2) Crystal phase transition Electrocatalysis Acidic oxygen reduction Hydrogen peroxide

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Wideband spectrum sensing using step-sampling based on the multipath nyquist folding receiver

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 523-536页

作者： Kai-lun Tian Kai-li jiang Sen Cao jian gao Ying Xiong Bin Tang Xu-ying Zhang Yan-fei Li University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731China China Electronics Technology Group Corporation 29th Research Institute Chengdu610036China

Wideband spectrum sensing with a high-speed analog-digital converter(ADC) presents a challenge for practical systems.The Nyquist folding receiver(NYFR) is a promising scheme for achieving cost-effective real-time spectrum sensing,which is subject to the complexity of processing the modulated outputs.In this case,a multipath NYFR architecture with a step-sampling rate for the different paths is proposed.The different numbers of digital channels for each path are designed based on the Chinese remainder theorem(CRT).Then,the detectable frequency range is divided into multiple frequency grids,and the Nyquist zone(NZ) of the input can be obtained by sensing these grids.Thus,high-precision parameter estimation is performed by utilizing the NYFR characteristics.Compared with the existing methods,the scheme proposed in this paper overcomes the challenge of NZ estimation,information damage,many computations,low accuracy,and high false alarm probability.Comparative simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture in this paper.

关键词： Wideband spectrum sensing Sub-Nyquist sampling Step-sampling Nyquist folding receiver(NYFR) Multisignal processing

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Chromosomal-level genome and metabolome analyses of highly heterozygous allohexaploid Dendrocalamus brandisii elucidate shoot quality and developmental characteristics

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1087-1105页

作者： Jutang jiang Zeyu Zhang Yucong Bai Xiaojing Wang Yuping Dou Ruiman Geng Chongyang Wu Hangxiao Zhang Cunfu Lu Lianfeng Gu jian gao Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources International Center for Bamboo and Rattan College of Forestry Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University School of Life Science Peking University College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Beijing Forestry University

Dendrocalamus brandisii(Munro) Kurz is a sympodial bamboo species with inimitable taste and flavorful shoots. Its rapid growth and use as high-quality material make this bamboo species highly valued for both food processing and wood applications. However, genome information for D. brandisii is lacking, primarily due to its polyploidy and large genome size.Here, we assembled a high-quality genome for hexaploid D. brandisii, which comprises 70chromosomes with a total size of 2,756 Mb,using long-read Hi Fi sequencing. Furthermore,we accurately separated the genome into its three constituent subgenomes. We used Oxford Nanopore Technologies long reads to construct a transcriptomic dataset covering 15 tissues for gene annotation to complement our genome assembly, revealing differential gene expression and post-transcriptional regulation. By integrating metabolome analysis, we unveiled that well-balanced lignin formation, as well as abundant flavonoid and fructose contents,contribute to the superior quality of D. brandisii shoots. Integrating genomic, transcriptomic,and metabolomic datasets provided a solid foundation for enhancing bamboo shoot quality and developing efficient gene-editing techniques. This study should facilitate research on D. brandisii and enhance its use as a food source and wood material by providing crucial genomic resources.

关键词： bamboo shoots Dendrocalamus brandisii (Munro) Kurz flavonoid genome lignin

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Plant regeneration in the new era:from molecular mechanisms to biotechnology applications

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 1338-1367页

作者： Chunli Chen Yuxin Hu Momoko Ikeuchi Yuling Jiao Kalika Prasad Ying Hua Su Jun Xiao Lin Xu Weibing Yang Zhong Zhao Wenkun Zhou Yun Zhou jian gao Jia-Wei Wang National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation&Utilization of Horticultural Crops Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)China National Botanical GardenBeijing 100093China Division of Biological Sciences Graduate School of Science and TechnologyNara Institute of Science and TechnologyNara 630-0192Japan State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Center for Quantitative BiologyAcademy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune 411008IndiaThiruvananthapuram 695551India State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018China Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018China Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB)CASBeijing 100101China CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science(CEPAMS) IGDBCASBeijing 100101China National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CEMPSInstitute of Plant Physiology and Ecology(SIPPE)CASShanghai 200032China CEPAMS SIPPECASShanghai 200032China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale CEMPSSchool of Life SciencesDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette 47907USA School of Life Science and Technology Shang

Plants or tissues can be regenerated through various pathways.Like animal regeneration,cell totipotency and pluripotency are the molecular basis of plant regeneration.Detailed systematic studies on Arabidopsis thaliana gradually unravel the fundamental mechanisms and principles underlying plant regeneration.Specifically,plant hormones,cell division,epigenetic remodeling,and transcription factors play crucial roles in reprogramming somatic cells and reestablishing meristematic cells.Recent research on basal non-vascular plants and monocot crops has revealed that plant regeneration differs among species,with various plant species using distinct mechanisms and displaying significant differences in regenerative capacity.Conducting multi-omics studies at the single-cell level,tracking plant regeneration processes in real-time,and deciphering the natural variation in regenerative capacity will ultimately help understand the essence of plant regeneration,improve crop regeneration efficiency,and contribute to future crop design.

关键词： apical meristem model species regeneration phytohormone plant cell reprogramming somatic embryogenesis

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