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Knockout of a rice K5.2 gene increases Ca accumulation in the grain

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第2期66卷 252-264页

作者： Peitong Wang Naoki Yamaji Namiki Mitani-Ueno Jun Ge Jian Feng Ma National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics&Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Institute of Plant Science and Resources Okayama UniversityKurashiki 710-0046Japan

Rice is a staple food for half of the world’s population,but it is a poor dietary source of calcium(Ca)due to the low concentration.It is an important issue to boost Ca concentration in this grain to improve Ca deficiency risk,but the mechanisms underlying Ca accumulation are poorly understood.Here,we obtained a rice(Oryza sativa)mutant with high shoot Ca accumulation.The mutant exhibited 26%-53% higher Ca in shoots than did wild-type rice(WT)at different Ca supplies.Ca concentration in the xylem sap was 36% higher in the mutant than in the WT.There was no difference in agronomic traits between the WT and mutant,but the mutant showed 25% higher Ca in the polished grain compared with the WT.map-based cloning combined with a complementation test revealed that the mutant phenotype was caused by an 18-bp deletion of a gene,OsK5.2,belonging to the Shaker-like K+channel family.OsK5.2 was highly expressed in the mature region of the roots and its expression in the roots was not affected by Ca levels,but upregulated by low K.Immunostaining showed that OsK5.2 was mainly expressed in the pericycle of the roots.Taken together,our results revealed a novel role for OsK5.2 in Ca translocation in rice,and will be a good target for Ca biofortification in rice.

关键词： accumulation biofortification calcium OsK5.2 pericycle rice translocation

Transport of cadmium from soil to grain in cereal crops: A review

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Pedosphere 2021年第1期31卷 3-10页

作者： Jian Feng Ma Ren Fang SHEN Ji feng SHAO Institute o f Plant Science and Resources Okayama UniversityChuo 2-20-1Kurashiki 710-0046Japan State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F UniversityLin'An 311300China

Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, many soils for crop production are contaminated by cadmium(Cd), a heavy metal highly toxic to many organisms. Cereal crops such as rice, wheat, maize, and barley are the primary dietary source of Cd for humans, and reducing Cd transfer from soil to their grains is therefore an important issue for food safety. During the last decade, great progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of Cd transport, particularly in rice. Inter-and intraspecific variations in Cd accumulation have been observed in cereal crops. Transporters for Cd have been identified in rice and other cereal crops using genotypic differences in Cd accumulation and mutant approaches. These transporters belong to different transporter families and are involved in the uptake, vacuolar sequestration, root-to-shoot translocation, and distribution of Cd. Attempts have been made to reduce Cd accumulation in grains by manipulating these transporters through overexpression or knockout of the transporter genes, as well as through marker-assisted selection breeding based on genotypic differences in Cd accumulation in the grains. In this review, we describe recent progress on molecular mechanisms of Cd accumulation in cereal crops and compare different molecular strategies for minimizing Cd accumulation in grains.

关键词： barley gene knockout gene overexpression genotypic difference maize rice transporter wheat

Plant Nutrition for Human Nutrition:Hints from Rice Research and Future Perspectives

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Molecular Plant 2020年第6期13卷 825-835页

作者： Sheng Huang Peitong Wang Naoki Yamaji Jian Feng Ma Institute of Plant Science and Resources Okayama UniversityChuo 2-20-1Kurashiki 710-0046Japan

Both plants and humans require mineral elements for their healthy growth and development.Mineral elements in the soil are taken up by the plant roots and transported to the edible parts for human consumption through various different transporters.An ideal future crop for human health should be rich in essential mineral elements but with less toxic elements in the edible parts.However,due to the great difference in the numbers and amounts of mineral elements required between plants and humans,it is a challenge to balance plant growth and nutrient requirement for humans.In this article,we mainly focus on the transport system of mineral elements from soil to grain in rice,a staple food for half of the world's population,and discuss recent progress on the underlying genetic and physiological mechanisms.Examples are given for silicon,zinc,and iron essential/beneficial for both plants and humans,selenium and iodine only essential for humans,and toxic cadmium and arsenic for all organisms.manipulation of some transporters for these elements,especially those localized in the node for allocation of mineral elements to the grain,has been successful in generating rice with higher density and bioavailability of essential elements but with less accumulation of toxic elements.We provide our perspectives toward breeding future crops for human health.

关键词： plant nutrition human health mineral elements transporter rice biofortification

Progress in research on nanoprecipitates in high-strength conductive copper alloys: a review

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2023年第3期24卷 206-225页

作者： jian YU feng ZHAO Huiya YANG Jiabin LIU Jien ma Youtong FANG State Key Laboratory of Silicon materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

High-strength conductive Cu alloys play an essential role in high-speed railways,5G networks,and power transmission.The compound precipitates of alloying elements such as Cr,Zr,Fe,and Si in Cu alloys significantly regulate the microstructure and properties of these alloys.They can ensure that the alloys have high strength without damaging conductivity seriously,which is usually a difficult problem in the development of Cu alloys.This paper systematically expounds on the microstructure and concerned factors of compound precipitates in high-strength conductive Cu alloys such as Cu-Cr-Zr,Cu-Zr,Cu-Ni-Si,and Cu-Fe-P.In particular,factors affecting the precipitates are summarized from the perspectives of composition and process to guide the regulation of properties.Some new,promising,high-performance Cu alloys,including Cu-Co-Si,Cu-Co-Ti,and Cu-Fe-Ti,are described.Finally,we look at the research prospects for precipitation-strengthened Cu alloys.

关键词： Cu alloys Compound precipitate Strength Conductivity

The ferroxidases LPR1 and LPR2 control iron translocation in the xylem of Arabidopsis plants

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Molecular Plant 2022年第12期15卷 1962-1975页

作者： Zhong-Rui Xu Mei-Ling Cai Ying Yang Ting-Ting You Jian Feng Ma Peng Wang Fang-Jie Zhao State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Institute of Plant Science and Resources Okayama UniversityChuo 2-20-1Kurashiki 710-0046Japan Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Iron(Fe)deficiency is common in agricultural crops and affects millions of people worldwide.Translocation of Fe in the xylem is a key step for Fe distribution in plants.The mechanism controlling this process remains largely unknown.Here,we report that two Arabidopsis ferroxidases,LPR1 and LPR2,play a crucial and redundant role in controlling Fe translocation in the xylem.LPR1 and LPR2 are mainly localized in the cell walls of xylem vessels and the surrounding cells in roots,leaves,and stems.Knockout of both LPR1 and LPR2 increased the proportion of Fe(II)in the xylem sap,and caused Fe deposition along the vascular bundles especially in the petioles and main veins of leaves,which was alleviated by blocking blue light.The lpr1 lpr2 double mutant displayed constitutive expression of Fe deficiency response genes and overaccumulation of Fe in the roots and mature leaves under Fe-sufficient supply,but Fe deficiency chlorosis in the new leaves and inflorescences under low Fe supply.Moreover,the lpr1 lpr2 double mutant showed lower Fe concentrations in the xylem and phloem saps,and impaired 57Fe translocation along the xylem.In vitro assays showed that Fe(III)-citrate,the main form of Fe in xylem sap,is easily photoreduced to Fe(II)-citrate,which is unstable and prone to adsorption by cell walls.Taken together,these results indicate that LPR1 and LPR2 are required to oxidize Fe(II)and maintain Fe(III)-citrate stability and mobility during xylem translocation against photoreduction.Our study not only uncovers an essential physiological role of LPR1 and LPR2 but also reveals a new mechanism by which plants maintain Fe mobility during long-distance translocation in the xylem.

关键词： iron xylem translocation ferroxidases LPR1 LPR2 iron redox

Direct Laser Writing Facility for Fabrication of Submicron mask

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Chinese Physics Letters 2014年第4期31卷 185-188页

作者： ZHU feng ma jian-Yong Information Optics Laboratory Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800

Direct laser writing technique has become a well-established, multi-functional and flexible method for fabricating high quality diffractive optical elements. We propose and build a maskless direct laser writing system with the ability to produce a sub-micron feature size. The high precision lithography is realized by using the astigmatic autofocus method. The minimum feature size of the system, breaking through the diffraction limit with the chromium layer, can achieve 300hm with the 405nm blue laser. A 50 x 50ram2 chromium grating mask with a period of 1 #m and line width of 300 nm is fabricated. This facility will be useful for the fabrication of large-scale submicron diffraction optical elements in the future.

关键词： FABRICATION (manufacturing) DIFFRACTIVE optical elements CHROMIUM -- Spectra BLUE lasers OPTICAL diffraction ASTIGmaTISM (Optics)

Electrolyte perspective on stabilizing LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)cathode for lithium-ion batteries

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稀有金属：英文版 2023年第2期42卷 387-398页

作者： Xiao-feng Zhu Xiu Li Tian-Quan Liang Xin-Hua Liu jian-Min ma School of Resources Environment and MaterialsGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China School of materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing102206China

Nickel-rich LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)is regarded as the promising cathode for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,the challenges such as safety issues and poor cycling performance have seriously hindered its commercial applications.In order to overcome these difficulties,there has been extensive research and development of electrolyte modifications for high-energy-density LIBs with Ni-rich cathodes.Herein,this review introduces the research progress based on solvent additives,salt type additives and other electrolytes for LIBs with NCM811cathode materials and discusses how they control the interface stability.In particular,some recommendations for further modification of enhancing electrolyte stability and improving NCM811 electrochemical properties are summarized and proposed,which put forward new design rules for the screening and customizing ideal electrolyte additives for high performance NCM811 cathode-based LIBs.

关键词： Nickel-rich LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811) Interface Electrolyte additives Cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI) Electrolyte

Vascular Cambium-Localized AtSPDT Mediates Xylem-to-Phloem Transfer of Phosphorus for Its Preferential Distribution in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2020年第1期13卷 99-111页

作者： Guangda Ding Gui Jie Lei Naoki Yamaji Kengo Yokosho Namiki Mitani-Ueno Sheng Huang Jian Feng Ma institute of Plant Science and Resources Okayama UniversityChuo 2-20-1KurashikiJapan College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China

During plant growth and development mineral elements are preferentially delivered to different organs and tissues to meet the differential demand. It has been shown that the preferential distribution of mineral nutrients in gramineous plants is mediated by node-based transporters, but the mechanisms of preferential distribution in dicots are poorly understood. Here, we report a distinct mechanism for the preferential distribution of phosphorus (P) in Arabidopsis plants, revealed by detailed functional analysis of AtSPDT/AtSULTR3;4 (SULTR-like P Distribution Transporter), a homolog of rice OsSPDT. Like OsSPDT, AtSPDT is localized at the plasma membrane and showed proton-dependent transport activity for P. Interestingly, we found that AtSPDT is mainly expressed in the rosette basal region and leaf petiole, and its expression is up-regulated by P deficiency. Tissue-specific analysis showed that AtSPDT is mainly located in the vascular cambium of different organs, as well as in the parenchyma tissues of both xylem and phloem regions. Knockout of AtSPDT inhibited the growth of new leaves under low P due to decreased P distribution to those organs. The seed yields of the wild-type and atspdt mutant plants are similar, but the seeds of mutant plants contain – less P. These results indicate that AtSPDT localized in the vascular cambium is involved in preferential distribution of P to the developing tissues, through xylem-to-phloem transfer mainly at the rosette basal region and leaf petiole.

关键词： A rabidopsis thaliana phosphate transporter SPDT phosphorus distribution vascular cambium

Modal Parameter Identification Method of Jacket Platform Structure Based on AFDD and Optimized FBFFT

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China Ocean Engineering 2023年第3期37卷 393-407页

作者： LENG jian-cheng ma Jin-yong FAN Zong-heng QIAN Wan-dong feng Hui-yu School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing 163318China

Offshore platforms are susceptible to structural damage due to prolonged exposure to random loads,such as wind,waves,and currents.This is particularly true for platforms that have been in service for an extended period.Identifying the modal parameters of offshore platforms is crucial for damage diagno sis,as it serves as a prerequisite and foundation for the process.Therefore,it holds great significance to prioritize the identification of these parameters.Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional Fast Bayesian Fast Fourier Transform(FBFFT) method,this paper proposes a modal parameter identification method based on Automatic Frequency Domain Decomposition(AFDD) and optimized FBFFT.By introducing the AFDD method and Powell optimization algorithm,this method can automatically identify the initial value of natural frequency and solve the objective function efficiently and simply.In order to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method,it is used to identify the modal parameters of the IASC-ASCE benchmark model and the j acket platform structure model,and the Most Probable Value(MPV) of the modal parameters and their respective posterior uncertainties are successfully identified.The identification results of the IASC-ASCE benc hmark model are compared with the identification re sults of the MODE-ID method,which verifies the effectivene ss and accuracy of the proposed method for identifying modal parameters.It provides a simple and feasible method for quantifying the influence of uncertain factors such as environmental parameters on the identification results,and also provide s a reference for modal parameter identification of other large structures.

关键词： jacket platform uncertain modal parameter identification FBFFT method environmental excitation AFDD method Powell optimization