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How the surface Cu layer affected the activity of Ni foil for alkaline hydrogen evolution

Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 11-18页

作者： Qingfeng Hu Yuan Liu Xuerong Zheng Jinfeng Zhang jiajun Wang Xiaopeng han Yida Deng Wenbin Hu School of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of EducationTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea School of Materials Science and EngineeringHainan UniversityHaikou 570228China Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin UniversityBinhai New CityFuzhou 350207China

Synthesizing bimetallic nanomaterials,with noble metals as the surface layers and inert metals as the substrates,has been proven to be an effective way to reduce the use of noble metals with maintained catalytic activity.However,an atomic diffusion from the inert substrate to the surface during the long-term operation has been reported to significantly decrease the activity.In this work,a series of catalysis-inert Cu-coated Ni foil were fabricated through electrodeposition and their activities for alkaline hydrogen evolution were investigated.Notably,the Ni/Cu-60 sample showed a similar catalytic property with pure Ni foil and only a slight decrease in HER activity was observed.The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)results indicated a decreased electron concentration of Cu in Ni/Cu-60,and theoretical calculations further demonstrated the electron transfer between the Ni substrate and Cu layer.Our results reveal that a specific composition or structure of an inert metal layer might not significantly decrease the electrocatalytic activity of active metals.Moreover,there are more possibilities for the rational design of metal-based catalysts for electrocatalysis.

关键词： Bimetallic heterostructure Charge redistribution Water splitting Alkaline hydrogen evolution

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Correlating the crystal structure and facet of indium oxides with their activities for CO_(2)electroreduction

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Fundamental Research 2024年第3期4卷 635-641页

作者： jiajun Wang Guangjin Wang han Wu Fei Liu Xixi Ren Yidu Wang Yanhui Cao Qi Lu Xuerong Zheng Xiaopeng han Yida Deng Wenbin Hu School of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of EducationTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering Foshan UniversityFoshan 528000China State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea School of Materials Science and EngineeringHainan UniversityHaikou 570228China Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin UniversityBinhai New CityFuzhou 350207China

Constructing structure-function relationships is critical for the rational design and development of efficient catalysts for CO2 electroreduction reaction(CO2RR).In2O3 is well-known for its specific ability to produce formic acid.However,how the crystal phase and surface affect the CO_(2)RR activity is still unclear,making it difficult to further improve the intrinsic activity and screen for the most active structure.In this work,cubic and hexagonal In_(2)O_(3) with different stable surfaces((111)and(110)for cubic,(120)and(104)for hexagonal)are investigated for CO_(2)RR.Theoretical results demonstrate that the adsorption of reactants on cubic In_(2)O_(3) is stronger than that on hexagonal In_(2)O_(3),with the cubic(111)surface being the most active for CO_(2)RR.In experiments,synthesized cubic In_(2)O_(3) nanosheets with predominantly exposed(111)surfaces exhibited a high HCOO^(-)Faradaic efficiency(87.5%)and HCOO^(–)current density(–16.7 mA cm^(-2))at–0.9 V vs RHE.In addition,an aqueous Zn-CO_(2) battery based on a cubic In2O3 cathode was assembled.Our work correlates the phases and surfaces with the CO_(2)RR activity,and provides a fundamental understanding of the structure-function relationship of In_(2)O_(3),thereby contributing to further improvements in its CO_(2)RR activity.Moreover,the results provide a principle for the directional preparation of materials with optimal phases and surfaces for efficient electrocatalysis.

关键词： Structure-function relationship CO_(2)electroreduction Indium oxide Reactionmechanism Catalyst design

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Understanding and addressing the environmental risk of microplastics

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第1期17卷 133-137页

作者： han Qu Hongting Diao jiajun han Bin Wang Gang Yu College of Pharmacy The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants ControlSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Applied Chemistry China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Over the past decades,the plastic production has been dramatically increased.Indeed,a category of small plastic particles mainly with the shapes of fragments,fibers,or spheres,called microplastics(particles smaller than 5 mm)and nanoplastics(particles smaller than 1μm)have attracted particular attention.Because of its wide distribution in the environment and potential adverse effects to animal and human,microplastic pollution has been reported as a serious environment problem receiving increased attention in recent years.As one of the commonly detected emerging contaminants in the environment,recent evidence indicates that the concentration of microplastics show an increasing trend,for the reason that up to 12.7 million metric tons of plastic litter is released into aquatic environment from land-based sources each year.Furthermore,microplastic exposure levels of model organisms in laboratory studies are usually several orders of magnitude higher than those found in environment,and the microplastics exposure conditions are also different with those observed in the environment.Additionally,the detection of microplastics in feces indicates that they can be excreted out of the bodies of animal and human.Hence,great uncertainties might exist in microplastics exposure and health risk assessment based on current studies,which might be exaggerated.Policies reduce microplastic emission sources and hence minimize their environmental risks are determined.To promote the above policies,we must first overcome the technical obstacles of detecting microplastics in various samples.

关键词： Emerging contaminants Microplastics Environment risk Health effect

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Virtual reality-based cognitive-behavioural therapy for the treatment of anxiety in patients with acute myocardial infarction:a randomised clinical trial

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General Psychiatry 2024年第2期37卷 189-196页

作者： Yuanyuan Li Juan Peng Pingyuan Yang jiajun Weng Yan'e Lu Jiajia Liu Shikun Xu Lihua Guan Dong Huang Qibing Wang Juying Qian Zexin Zhao Yabin Wei Junbo Ge Xiao Huang Department of Psychological Medicine Zhongshan Hospital Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Cardiology Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Interventional MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Psychological Medicine Shanghai Geriatric Medical CenterShanghaiChina School of Nursing Peking UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research National Institute on Drug DependencePeking UniversityBeijingChina

Background The presence of mental health conditions is pervasive in patients who experienced acute myocardial infarction(AMI),significantly disrupting their recovery.Providing timely and easily accessible psychological interventions using virtual reality-based cognitive-behavioural therapy(VR-CBT)could potentially improve both acute and long-term symptoms affecting their mental health.Aims We aim to examine the effectiveness of VR-CBT on anxiety symptoms in patients with AMI who were admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)during the acute stage of their illness.Methods In this single-blind randomised clinical trial,participants with anxiety symptoms who were admitted to the ICU due to AMI were continuously recruited from December 2022 to February 2023.Patients who were han Chinese aged 18-75 years were randomly assigned(1:1)via block randomisation to either the VR-CBT group to receive VR-CBT in addition to standard mental health support,or the control group to receive standard mental health support only.VR-CBT consisted of four modules and was delivered at the bedside over a 1-week period.Assessments were done at baseline,immediately after treatment and at 3-month follow-up.The intention-to-treat analysis began in June 2023.The primary outcome measure was the changes in anxiety symptoms as assessed by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAM-A).Results Among 148 randomised participants,70 were assigned to the VR-CBT group and 78 to the control group.The 1-week VR-CBT intervention plus standard mental health support significantly reduced the anxiety symptoms compared with standard mental health support alone in terms of HAM-A scores at both post intervention(Cohen’s d=−1.27(95%confidence interval(CI):−1.64 to−0.90,p<0.001)and 3-month follow-up(Cohen’s d=−0.37(95%CI:−0.72 to−0.01,p=0.024).Of the 70 participants who received VR-CBT,62(88.6%)completed the entire intervention.Cybersickness was the main reported adverse event(n=5).Conclusions Our results indicate that VR-CBT can significantly reduce post-AMI anxiety at t

关键词： admitted behaviour treatment

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河南省专业村劳动力外流与影响因素分析

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地理科学进展 2024年第3期43卷 573-586页

作者：朱乾坤乔家君韩冬肖杰许家伟王伟河南大学黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室/环境与规划国家级实验教学示范中心/地理与环境学院河南开封475004 河南大学黄河文明与可持续发展研究中心河南开封475004 河南大学文化旅游学院河南开封475001

专业村作为农区经济发展的一种特殊形式,被认为是乡村振兴的重要抓手。近年来,许多专业村呈现高度集约化的发展趋势,专业大户的出现和增多导致了部分专业小户放弃从事特色产业项目。专业村中从事专业化生产的专业户比例下降,劳动力外流... 详细信息

专业村作为农区经济发展的一种特殊形式,被认为是乡村振兴的重要抓手。近年来,许多专业村呈现高度集约化的发展趋势,专业大户的出现和增多导致了部分专业小户放弃从事特色产业项目。专业村中从事专业化生产的专业户比例下降,劳动力外流现象已经显现。论文依托河南省专业村2008年和2017年两次普查数据及2022—2023年开展的典型案例区专业村实地调研数据,运用空间自相关和热点分析等方法对不同类型专业村劳动力外流特征进行分析,借助地理探测器对专业村劳动力外流的主导因素进行探测识别和交互作用分析。研究发现:(1)整体来看,河南省各地区的专业村劳动力外流数量均明显增多;(2)从空间特征来看,农业型专业村劳动力外流的空间集聚特征明显,工业型专业村劳动力外流不具有空间集聚特征,服务业型及其他专业村劳动力外流具有空间集聚趋势;(3)从数量变化来看,农业型专业村劳动力外流在河南省各个地区均呈增多态势,工业型专业村劳动力外流在豫东地区最为明显,服务业型及其他专业村劳动力外流相对较为复杂;(4)定量分析结果表明,专业户率、区位特征、耕地资源、人力资源是影响专业村劳动力外流的主要因素;(5)研究认为专业村劳动力外流的机制较为复杂,村庄和产业是固定劳动力的重要物质载体,产业发展过程中产生的离心力和政策规范引导产生的向心力相互作用,造成了劳动人口流失和回流处于不断动态变化的状态。

关键词：专业村劳动力外流农村空心化河南省

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Intense single-band red upconversion emission in BiOCl:Er3+ layered semiconductor via co-doping Ho3+

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Journal of Rare Earths 2020年第6期38卷 577-583页

作者： Yuehong Peng Jincai Peng jiajun han Tianhui Wang Zhaoyi Yin Jianbei Qiu Qi W ang Zhengwen Yang Zhiguo Song School of Materials Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China School of Physics and Electronical Science Chuxiong Normal UniversityChuxiong 675000China Dean's Office Sichuan University of Arts and ScienceDazhou 635000China

Exploring a new tuning way to facilely realize single-band red emission in trivalent rare-earth ions(RE3+) doped upconversion(UC) materials is still desirable.In this work,the intense single-band red emission is achieved by co-doping only Ho3+in the BiOCl:Er3+ under 1550 nm excitation.In the BiOCl layered host,co-doping Ho3+can further enhance the red emission and simultaneously suppress the green emission of Er3+,and thus obviously improve the red-to-green(R/G) ratio.It is found that Ho3+does not se rve as ene rgy trapping through the 5 I6 state as in traditional UC materials but acts as ET bridge(4 S3/2,2 H11/2(Er3+)→5 F4,5 S2(Ho3+)→4 F9/2(Er3+)).The tuning mechanism of Ho3+is discussed in detail and further confirms through a comparative experiment.Our research gives an unusual perspective to tune the UC behavior of Er3+through co-doping Ho3+,which might be inspiring for achievement of single-band red UC emission.

关键词： Single-band red emission BiOCl Er3+ Ho3+ Rare Earths

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调控钠位点占比设计高性能P2型钠电正极材料

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硅酸盐学报 2024年第6期52卷 2016-2023页

作者：韩嘉俊温敏郑其林袁伟伟陈康廖俊杰姚胡蓉福建师范大学物理与能源学院福建省先进高场超导材料与工程协同创新中心

在众多Na离子电池正极材料中，P2型层状氧化物因其优异的动力学性能受到研究者们的广泛关注。在P2型层状氧化物材料中，Na离子有2种不同的位点，即Nae和Na_f。由于配位环境的差异，Na离子在不同位点间的迁移行为不同。本工作提出通过调... 详细信息

在众多Na离子电池正极材料中，P2型层状氧化物因其优异的动力学性能受到研究者们的广泛关注。在P2型层状氧化物材料中，Na离子有2种不同的位点，即Nae和Na_f。由于配位环境的差异，Na离子在不同位点间的迁移行为不同。本工作提出通过调控材料中Na含量的策略实现了对同一过渡金属组分材料的/Na_f位点占位比的优化。研究发现，与Na0.45Ni0.1Mn0.9O2和Na0.65Ni0.1Mn0.9O2相比，具有更高Nae/Na_f位点占比值的Na0.55Ni0.1Mn0.9O2材料表现出最为优异的电化学性能，其电化学曲线平滑，在0.2 C (1 C=173 m A·g-1)的倍率下容量高达174.5 m A·h·g-1，在3 C，循环200次容量保持率高达92.95%,10 C的高倍率下仍能发挥83.6 mA·h·g-1的容量，该策略为设计高性能P2型钠电正极材料打开了新的思路。

关键词： Na离子电池 P2型层状正极材料 Na位点

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高温扩散法提高52CrMoV4弹簧扁钢的冲击性能

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金属热处理 2024年第1期49卷 126-130页

作者：闵永安邵家俊张文涛刘超韩晓丽上海大学材料科学与工程学院上海200444 上海大学(浙江)高端装备基础件材料研究院浙江嘉兴314113 河北永洋特钢集团有限公司河北邯郸057150

为提升大截面52CrMoV4弹簧扁钢的塑韧性,对热轧52CrMoV4弹簧扁钢进行了热锻和高温扩散退火,对比测试了热轧、改锻和高温扩散状态扁钢淬火和回火后的冲击性能,并对冲击断口形貌和扁钢微观组织、硬度进行了检测分析。结果表明,与热轧扁钢... 详细信息

为提升大截面52CrMoV4弹簧扁钢的塑韧性,对热轧52CrMoV4弹簧扁钢进行了热锻和高温扩散退火,对比测试了热轧、改锻和高温扩散状态扁钢淬火和回火后的冲击性能,并对冲击断口形貌和扁钢微观组织、硬度进行了检测分析。结果表明,与热轧扁钢相比,改锻对于扁钢的组织性能提升效果有限。1220℃高温扩散处理使扁钢成分与组织均匀化,扁钢心部的横向冲击吸收能量提升约45%。

关键词：弹簧钢高温扩散偏析冲击性能

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Aerodynamic impact of train-induced wind on a moving motor-van

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022年第7期16卷 909-927页

作者： jiajun HE Huoyue XIANG Yongle LI Bin han Southwest Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute of China Chengdu 610299China Department of Bridge Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China Wind Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China Sichuan Railway Investment Group Co. Ltd.Chengdu 610093China

The newly-built single-level rail-cum-road bridge brings the issue of the aerodynamic impact of train-induced wind on road automobiles.This research introduced a validated computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model regarding this concern.Such an aerodynamic impact mechanism was explored;a relationship between the transverse distance between train and motor-van(hereinfafter referred to as van)and the aerodynamic effects on the van was explored to help the optimization of bridge decks,and the relationship between the automobile speed and aerodynamic variations of a van was fitted to help traffic control.The fitting results are accurate enough for further research.It is noted that the relative speed of the two automobiles is not the only factor that influences the aerodynamic variations of the van,even at a confirmed relative velocity,the aerodynamic variations of the van vary a lot as the velocity proportion changes,and the most unfavorable case shows an increase of over 40%on the aerodynamic variations compared to the standard case.The decay of the aerodynamic effects shows that not all the velocity terms would enhance the aerodynamic variations;the coupled velocity term constrains the variation amplitude of moments and decreases the total amplitude by 20%–40%.

关键词： rail-cum-road bridge aerodynamic impact train-induced wind CFD aerodynamic force quantitative analysis fitting

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页岩油气开采对地下水污染研究现状与动向

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同济大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第5期52卷 796-804页

作者：邹佳婕代朝猛韩跃鸣胡佳俊张亚雷刘曙光周烺同济大学土木工程学院上海200092 上海大学生命科学学院上海200444 同济大学环境科学与工程学院上海200092 德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校土木、建筑和环境工程系奥斯汀TX 78712

页岩油和页岩气开采过程产生的大量废料,如果不经过处理,将对地下水造成污染。首先,介绍了页岩油气的分布和赋存机理,以及地面干馏、水平钻井和水力压裂等开采技术;然后,阐述了页岩油气在现场准备、钻井压裂、采油采气等不同开采环节中... 详细信息

页岩油和页岩气开采过程产生的大量废料,如果不经过处理,将对地下水造成污染。首先,介绍了页岩油气的分布和赋存机理,以及地面干馏、水平钻井和水力压裂等开采技术;然后,阐述了页岩油气在现场准备、钻井压裂、采油采气等不同开采环节中的主要污染源;进而讨论了页岩油气开采中主要的地下水污染物,分别是有机污染物、重金属和放射性物质,同时阐述了其带来的地下水污染长期性、隐蔽性和差异性的特点;最后,从技术改进和废料处理等方面对页岩油气开采对地下水污染的防治手段进行了展望。

关键词：页岩油页岩气地下水污染水力压裂水平钻井

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