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Deep learning to estimate ocean subsurface salinity structure in the Indian Ocean using satellite observations

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第2期42卷 377-389页

作者： Jifeng qi Guimin sun Bowen XIE Delei LI Baoshu YIN CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Mathematics and Physics Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266061China CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China

Accurately estimating the ocean subsurface salinity structure(OSSS)is crucial for understanding ocean dynamics and predicting climate *** present a convolutional neural network(CNN)model to estimate the OSSS in the Indian Ocean using satellite data and Argo *** evaluated the performance of the CNN model in terms of its vertical and spatial distribution,as well as seasonal variation of OSSS *** demonstrate that the CNN model accurately estimates the most significant salinity features in the Indian Ocean using sea surface data with no significant differences from Argo-derived ***,the estimation accuracy of the CNN model varies with depth,with the most challenging depth being approximately 70 m,corresponding to the halocline *** of the CNN model’s accuracy in estimating OSSS in the Indian Ocean are also conducted by comparing Argo observations and CNN model estimations along two selected sections and four selected *** results show that the CNN model effectively captures the seasonal variability of salinity,demonstrating its high performance in salinity estimation using sea surface *** analysis reveals that sea surface salinity has the strongest correlation with OSSS in shallow layers,while sea surface height anomaly plays a more significant role in deeper *** preliminary results provide valuable insights into the feasibility of estimating OSSS using satellite observations and have implications for studying upper ocean dynamics using machine learning techniques.

关键词： machine learning convolutional neural network(CNN) ocean subsurface salinity structure(OSSS) Indian Ocean satellite observations

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A novel method for determining the resistivity of compressed superconducting materials

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 1-3页

作者： Liling sun qi Wu Shu Cai Yang Ding Ho-kwang Mao Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research Beijing 100094China Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The measurement of resistivity in a compressed material within a diamond anvil cell presents significant *** high-pressure exper-imental setup makes it difficult to directly measure the size changes induced by pressure in the three crystallographic directions of the *** this study,we introduce a novel and effective method that addresses these technical *** method is anticipated to offer a valuable foundation for high-pressure investigations on quantum materials,particularly those with anisotropic layered structures.

关键词： resistivity method foundation

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A new study on formation mechanism of ordered porous anodized metal oxides

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Rare Metals 2024年第10期43卷 5410-5418页

作者： Xi-Di sun Xin Guo jia-Han Zhang Jing Wu Yi Shi Hui-Yuan sun Cao-Feng Pan Li-jia Pan Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of Electronic Science and EngineeringNanjing University College of Physics and Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory Hebei Normal University Institute of Atomic Manufacturing Beihang University

The preparation of ordered porous metal oxide films by anodic oxidation is an efficient and simple preparation ***,there has been no unified explanation about the formation mechanism of the porous structure for many *** this paper,the relationship between the crystal structure of metals and the morphology of ordered porous metal oxide films is *** influence of the crystal structures of different metals on the optimal morphology of porous films is discussed.

关键词： Anodic oxidation

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A Weakly-Supervised Crowd Density Estimation Method Based on Two-Stage Linear Feature Calibration

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 965-981页

作者： Yong-Chao Li Rui-Sheng jia Ying-Xiang Hu Hong-Mei sun the College of Computer Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590 the Faculty of Information Science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266000China the College of Computer Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China the College of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210000China

In a crowd density estimation dataset,the annotation of crowd locations is an extremely laborious task,and they are not taken into the evaluation *** this paper,we aim to reduce the annotation cost of crowd datasets,and propose a crowd density estimation method based on weakly-supervised learning,in the absence of crowd position supervision information,which directly reduces the number of crowds by using the number of pedestrians in the image as the supervised *** this purpose,we design a new training method,which exploits the correlation between global and local image features by incremental learning to train the ***,we design a parent-child network(PC-Net)focusing on the global and local image respectively,and propose a linear feature calibration structure to train the PC-Net simultaneously,and the child network learns feature transfer factors and feature bias weights,and uses the transfer factors and bias weights to linearly feature calibrate the features extracted from the Parent network,to improve the convergence of the network by using local features hidden in the crowd *** addition,we use the pyramid vision transformer as the backbone of the PC-Net to extract crowd features at different levels,and design a global-local feature loss function(L2).We combine it with a crowd counting loss(LC)to enhance the sensitivity of the network to crowd features during the training process,which effectively improves the accuracy of crowd density *** experimental results show that the PC-Net significantly reduces the gap between fullysupervised and weakly-supervised crowd density estimation,and outperforms the comparison methods on five datasets of Shanghai Tech Part A,ShanghaiTech Part B,UCF_CC_50,UCF_QNRF and JHU-CROWD++.

关键词： Crowd density estimation linear feature calibration vision transformer weakly-supervision learning

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Triphenylphosphine-Assisted Exsolution Engineering on Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskites for Promoting Oxygen Evolution

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第4期7卷 433-441页

作者： Juan Bai Jing Shang Jun Mei Dongchen qi Ting Liao Ziqi sun School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology School of Mechanical Medical and Process Engineering Queensland University of Technology

Metal exsolution engineering has been regarded as a promising strategy for activating intrinsically inert perovskite oxide catalysts toward efficient oxygen evolution *** metal exsolution processes on perovskites are often achieved by using the reducing hydrogen gas; however,this is not effective for the relatively stable phase,such as Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite oxides.

关键词： exsolution oxygen evolution perovskite reconstruction Ruddlesden–Popper

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Picotesla fiberized diamond-based AC magnetometer

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Photonics Research 2024年第6期12卷 1250-1261页

作者： SHAO-CHUN ZHANG YONG LIU LONG-KUN SHAN XUE-DONG GAO jia-qi GENG CUI YU YANG DONG XIANG-DONG CHEN GUANG-CAN GUO FANG-WEN sun CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China National Key Laboratory of ASIC Hebei Semiconductor Research InstituteShijiazhuang 050051China Electric Power Quantum Sensing Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research InstituteHefei 230601China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088China

Portable quantum sensors are crucial for developing practical quantum sensing and metrology *** nitrogen-vacancy(NV)centers in diamonds have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for compact quantum ***,due to the difficulty of coherently controlling the ensemble spin and noise suppression in a large volume,it often faces problems such as reduced sensitivity and narrowed bandwidth in integrated lensless ***,we propose a fluorescence signal treatment method for NV spin ensemble manipulation by the exponential fitting of spin polarization processes,instead of integrating the photon *** enables spin state readout with a high signal-to-noise ratio and applies to the pulse sensing protocols for large-volume NV *** on this,we further developed a fiberized diamond-based AC *** an XY8-N dynamical decoupling pulse sequence,we demonstrated a T_(2)-limited sensitivity of 8pT/√Hz and T_(1)-limited frequency resolution of 90 Hz over a wide frequency band from 100 kHz to 3 *** integrated diamond sensor leverages quantum coherence to achieve enhanced sensitivity in detecting AC magnetic fields,making it suitable for implementation in a compact and portable endoscopic sensor.

关键词： magnetometer quantum ensemble

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Study of three-dimensional spatial diffuse discharge in contact electrode structure applied to air purification

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第10期26卷 73-81页

作者： Shuai XU Wenzheng LIU jiaying qiN Yiwei sun Xitao jiaNG qi qi School of Electrical Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044People’s Republic of China

In this work,based on the role of pre-ionization of the non-uniform electric field and its effect of reducing the collisional ionization coefficient,a diffuse dielectric barrier discharge plasma is formed in the open space outside the electrode structure at a lower voltage by constructing a three-dimensional non-uniform spatial electric field using a contact electrode *** air purification study is also carried ***,a contact electrode structure is constructed using a three-dimensional wire *** distribution characteristics of the spatial electric field formed by this electrode structure are analyzed,and the effects of the non-uniform electric field and the different angles of the vertical wire on the generation of three-dimensional spatial diffuse discharge are ***,the copper foam contact electrode structure is constructed using copper foam material,and the effects of different mesh sizes on the electric field distribution are *** results show that as the mesh size of the copper foam becomes larger,a strong electric field region exists not only on the surface of the insulating layer,but also on the surface of the vertical wires inside the copper foam,i.e.,the strong electric field region shows a three-dimensional ***,as the mesh size increases,the area of the vertical strong electric field also ***,the electric field strength on the surface of the insulating layer gradually ***,the appropriate mesh size can effectively increase the discharge area,which is conducive to improving the air purification ***,a highly permeable stacked electrode structure of multilayer wire-copper foam is *** combination with an ozone treatment catalyst,an air purification device is fabricated,and the air purification experiment is carried out.

关键词： dielectric barrier discharge three-dimensional spatial discharge atmospheric pressure air diffusion discharge air purification

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The chromosome-scale assembly of the Notopterygium incisum genome provides insight into the structural diversity of coumarins

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第8期14卷 3760-3773页

作者： qien Li Yiqun Dai Xin-Cheng Huang Lanlan sun Kaixuan Wang Xiao Guo Dingqiao Xu Digao Wan Latai An Zixuan Wang Huanying Tang qi qi Huihui Zeng Minjian qin jia-Yu Xue Yucheng Zhao Tibetan Medicine Research Center of qinghai University Tibetan Medical CollegeQinghai UniversityXining 810016China School of Pharmacy Bengbu Medical UniversityBengbu 233030China Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210009China College of Horticulture Bioinformatics CenterAcademy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXi’an 712046China

Coumarins,derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway,represent one of the primary metabolites found in *** alignment of the tetrahydropyran(THP)and tetrahydrofuran(THF)rings with the lactone structure results in the formation of at least four types of complex ***,the mechanisms underlying the structural diversity of coumarin remain poorly ***,we report the chromosome-level genome assembly of Notopterygium incisum,spanning 1.64 Gb,with a contig N50 value of 22.7 Mb and 60,021 annotated protein-coding ***,we identified the key enzymes responsible for shaping the structural diversity of coumarins,including two p-coumaroyl CoA 2′-hydroxylases crucial for simple coumarins basic skeleton architecture,two UbiA prenyltransferases responsible for angular or linear coumarins biosynthesis,and five CYP736 cyclases involved in THP and THF ring ***,two bifunctional enzymes capable of catalyzing both demethylsuberosin and osthenol were identified for the first *** analysis implies that tandem and ectopic duplications of the CYP736 subfamily,specifically arising in the Apiaceae,contributed to the structural diversity of coumarins in ***,this study proposes a parallel evolution scenario for the complex coumarin biosynthetic pathway among different angiosperms and provides essential synthetic biology elements for the heterologous industrial production of coumarins.

关键词： Notopterygium incisum Parallel evolution Biosynthesis Pyranocoumarins Furanocoumarins

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Bionic immunoactivator copresenting autophagy promoting and costimulatory molecules for synergistic cancer immunotherapy

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1710-1724页

作者： Yiwei Peng Yiliang Yang Zhenzhen Yang Datong Gao jiajia Li qi sun Yitian Du Meng Lin Xianrong qi Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System School of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China

Immunotherapy has great promise in improving malignant tumor ***,the efficacy of existing strategies is often limited by the immunosuppressive ***,we demonstrate an in situ bionic immunoactivator,PLT-Bec1/DTA-1,with possessed natural advantages of platelets for tumor recruitment and activation,on which DTA-1(CD357 monoclonal antibody)and Bec1 were tethered as combined immune ***-Bec1/DTA-1,as a self-triggered release repository,can deliver the pre-tethered Bec1 and DTA-1 deeply through the secretion of platelet microparticles(PMPs),thereby cooperate tacitly and exhibit superiority in immune activation of dendritic cells(DCs)and T cells via autophagy inducibility,coupled with glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor(GITR)-triggered T_(Reg) suppression,remodeled the immunosuppressive network of tumor ***-Bec1/DTA-1 promoted antigen presentation and T cell proliferation,and alleviated the low activity state of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells(BMDCs)in tumor suppressive ***-Bec1/DTA-1 inhibited tumor recurrence(5-and 13-fold lower of control group in tumor volume)and CD8^(+)T/T_(Reg) ratio(6.3-and 8.8-fold *** group)in mouse tumor model after intravenous or subcutaneous ***,PLT-Bec1/DTA-1 prevented tumor colonization in lung through in situ immune activation,and was slightly superior to the combined of Bec1 and *** findings highlight the promise of delivering immunostimulatory payloads via bionic carriers,eliciting automatic in situ activation of effector immune cells in tumor microenvironment for tumor *** these results provide promising prospects into the application of immunoactivator in improving cancer synergistic immunotherapy to overcome the bottlenecks in clinic.

关键词： in situ bionic immunoactivator autophagy glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor(GITR)agonist platelets and platelet microparticles cancer immunotherapy

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Synergistic effects of multiscale TiC and dual-phase structure on tensile properties of particle-reinforced steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第5期31卷 1232-1245页

作者： Ye jia Xiang-tao Deng qi Wang Cheng-ru Li Hao Wu Zhao-dong Wang State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819LiaoningChina

The conventional melting methods were used to obtain in situ TiC particle-reinforced dual-phase steel,followed by hot rolling and heat treatment *** aim was to investigate the effect of TiC particles on the fracture behavior of dual-phase steel at different annealing temperatures,by analyzing the microstructure and tensile behavior of the multiscale TiC particle-reinforced dual-phase *** results showed that TiC particles precipitated in the as-cast microstructure of dual-phase steel were distributed along the grain *** hot rolling,the grain boundary-like morphology of the micron-sized TiC particles was disrupted,and the particles became more refined and evenly distributed in the *** tensile tests revealed that the strength of the TiC particle-reinforced dual-phase steel increased with increasing martensite content,while the elongation *** results were similar to those of conventional *** addition of 1 vol.%multiscale TiC particles improved the strength of the dual-phase steel but did not affect elongation of the *** and holes were primarily concentrated around the TiC particles rather than at the interface of martensite and *** main causes of crack sprouting were TiC particle interface cracking and TiC particle internal ***,the study demonstrated the potential of multiscale TiC particle-reinforced dual-phase steel as a strong and tough *** refined distribution of TiC particles in the matrix improved the strength of the material without compromising its *** results also highlighted the importance of careful selection of reinforcement particles to avoid detrimental effects on the fracture behavior of the material.

关键词： TiC particle Dual-phase structure TiC-reinforced dual-phase steel Tension Fracture behavior

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