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Genomic data and ecological niche modeling reveal an unusually slow rate of molecular evolution in the Cretaceous Eupteleaceae

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 803-816页

作者： Kun-Li Xiang Sheng-Dan Wu Lian Lian Wen-Chuang He Dan Peng Huan-Wen Peng Xiao-Ni Zhang Hong-Lei Li jia-Yu Xue Hong-Yan Shan Gui-Xia Xu Yang Liu zhi-Qiang Wu Wei Wang State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyLaboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518120China China National Botanical Garden Beijing 100093China State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems and College of Ecology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants Chongqing University of Arts and SciencesChongqing 402160China College of Horticulture Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Fairylake Botanical Garden Shenzhen&Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518004China

Living fossils are evidence of long-term sustained ecological ***,whether living fossils have little molecular changes remains poorly known,particularly in ***,we have introduced a novel method that integrates phylogenomic,comparative genomic,and ecological niche modeling analyses to investigate the rate of molecular evolution of Eupteleaceae,a Cretaceous relict angiosperm family endemic to East *** assembled a high-quality chromosome-level nuclear genome,and the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of a member of Eupteleaceae(Euptelea pleiosperma).Our results show that Eupteleaceae is most basal in Ranunculales,the earliest-diverging order in eudicots,and shares an ancient whole-genome duplication event with the other *** document that Eupteleaceae has the slowest rate of molecular changes in the observed *** unusually low rate of molecular evolution of Eupteleaceae across all three independent inherited genomes and genes within each of the three genomes is in association with its conserved genome architecture,ancestral woody habit,and conserved niche *** findings reveal the evolution and adaptation of living fossil plants through large-scale environmental change and also provide new insights into early eudicot diversification.

关键词： conservation genomics eudicots evolutionary rates niche conservatism phylogenomics

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Direct measurement of the break-out ^(19)F(p,γ)^(20)Ne reaction in the China Jinping underground laboratory(CJPL)

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第8期35卷 142-152页

作者： Yin‑Ji Chen Hao Zhang Li‑Yong Zhang jian‑Jun He Richard James deBoer Michael Wiescher Alexander Heger David Kahl Jun Su Daniel Odell Xin‑Yue Li jian‑Guo Wang Long Zhang Fu‑Qiang Cao zhi‑Cheng Zhang Xin‑zhi jiang Luo‑Huan Wang Zi‑Ming Li Lu‑Yang Song Liang‑Ting Sun Qi Wu jia‑Qing Li Bao‑Qun Cui Li‑Hua Chen Rui‑Gang Ma Er‑Tao Li Gang Lian Yao‑De Sheng zhi‑Hong Li Bing Guo Wei‑Ping Liu Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of the Ministry of Education College of Nuclear Science and TechnologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Department of Physics and Astronomy The Joint Institute for Nuclear AstrophysicsUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN 46556USA School of Physics and Astronomy Monash UniversityClaytonVIC 3800Australia Facility for Rare Isotope Beams Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics and Department of Physics and Astronomy Ohio UniversityAthensOH 45701USA Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413China College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Science Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Institute of Radiation Technology Beijing Academy of Science and TechnologyBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion‑Beam Application(MOE) Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China School of Mathematics and Physics Handan UniversityHandan 056005China

Calcium production and the stellar evolution of first-generation stars remain fascinating mysteries in *** one possible nucleosynthesis scenario,break-out from the hot carbon–nitrogen–oxygen(HCNO)cycle was thought to be the source of the calcium observed in these oldest ***,according to the stellar modeling,a nearly tenfold increase in the thermonuclear rate ratio of the break-out ^(19)F(p,γ)^(20) Ne reaction with respect to the competing ^(19)F(p,α)^(16) O back-processing reaction is required to reproduce the observed calcium *** performed a direct measurement of this break-out reaction at the China Jinping underground *** measurement was performed down to the low-energy limit of E_(c.m.)=186 keV in the center-of-mass *** key resonance was observed at 225.2 keV for the first *** a temperature of approximately 0.1 GK,this new resonance enhanced the thermonuclear ^(19)F(p,γ)^(20) Ne rate by up to a factor of≈7.4,compared with the previously recommended NACRE *** is of particular interest to the study of the evolution of the first stars and implies a stronger breakdown in their“warm”CNO cycle through the ^(19)F(p,γ)^(20) Ne reaction than previously *** break-out resulted in the production of the calcium observed in the oldest stars,enhancing our understanding of the evolution of the first stars.

关键词： Nuclear astrophysics First stars Abundance of calcium Reaction cross section Reaction rate China Jinping underground laboratory(CJPL) JUNA

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乡村振兴战略再思考:逻辑主线、规律趋势和推进方略

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中国人口·资源与环境 2024年第2期34卷 1-12页

作者：廖茂林彭浩瀚贾晋中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院北京102488 中国社会科学院生态文明研究所北京100710 西南财经大学中国西部经济研究院四川成都611130

乡村振兴战略推进实施已经5年多,亟待从政策逻辑、任务逻辑和理论逻辑对乡村振兴实践进行再审视和再梳理,立足规律和趋势对乡村发展历程进行再探究和再研判,以期对未来乡村振兴方略进行再思考和再谋划。研究认为:①政策逻辑层面,乡村振... 详细信息

乡村振兴战略推进实施已经5年多,亟待从政策逻辑、任务逻辑和理论逻辑对乡村振兴实践进行再审视和再梳理,立足规律和趋势对乡村发展历程进行再探究和再研判,以期对未来乡村振兴方略进行再思考和再谋划。研究认为:①政策逻辑层面,乡村振兴顶层设计已经完善,其系统架构、政策主线和关键问题日渐清晰。任务逻辑层面,乡村振兴重点工作围绕“二十字”方针和五大振兴领域全面铺开,政策精度和实践准度亟待提高。理论逻辑层面,乡村振兴理论研究滞后于实践探索,对未来发展具有指导性、学理化的阐释和架构还有待进一步突破。②规律趋势方面,在农业产业份额和就业份额逐年降低的背景下,乡村产业发展出现“超预期裂变”趋势,主要体现为产业容量逐年扩张、产业效率快速提升以及产业形态加快重塑。随着城乡互动发展迈入新阶段、乡村内部演化出现新特征、乡村治理建设涌现新动能,乡村空间经济社会呈现“分类转型发展”的趋势,其功能形态、特征表现与路径模式逐渐特色化、多元化。城乡生产要素流动已突破空间约束,由单向互斥性流动过渡为双向协同耦合性流动,呈现“双向跨界窗口”趋势。2020—2035年是破除城乡二元结构、健全城乡融合发展体制机制的窗口期。③结合乡村发展的规律和趋势,推进乡村振兴必须坚持底线思维,围绕极端问题构建战略底线保障体系;坚持融合思维,培育城乡融合区域协同发展新活力;坚持转型思维,探索未来乡村建设实践进路;坚持窗口思维,抢抓数字化、生态化发展机遇;坚持改革思维,激活乡村发展内生动力。

关键词：乡村振兴逻辑主线规律趋势发展战略

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Patient-Reported Outcomes of Postoperative NSCLC Patients with or without Staged Chinese Herb Medicine Therapy during Adjuvant Chemotherapy(NALLC 2): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第11期30卷 963-973页

作者： ZHANG Yi-lu jiaO Li-jing GONG Ya-bin XU jian-fang NI jian SHEN Xiao-yong ZHANG Jie ZHOU Di QIAN Cheng-xin WANG Qin YAO jia-lin YANG Wen-xiao SU Ling-zi WANG Li-yu LI jia-qi YAO Yi-qin ZHANG Yuan-hui WANG Yi-chao CHEN zhi-wei XU Ling Oncology Department Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology Department Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Shanghai Tongji University Thoracic Surgery Department Huadong Hospital Shanghai Fudan University Thoracic Surgery Department Shanghai Cancer Hospital Shanghai Fudan University Oncology Department Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Objective:To investigate whether the combination of chemotherapy with staged Chinese herbal medicine(CHM) therapy could enhance health-related quality of life(QoL) in non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients and prolong the time before deterioration of lung cancer symptoms,in comparison to chemotherapy ***:A prospective,double-blind,randomized,controlled trial was conducted from December 14,2017 to August 28,2020.A total of 180 patients with stage ⅠB-ⅢA NSCLC from 5 hospitals in Shanghai were randomly divided into chemotherapy combined with CHM(chemo+CHM) group(120 cases) or chemotherapy combined with placebo(chemo+placebo) group(60 cases) using stratified blocking *** European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer(EORTC) Quality-of-Life-Core 30 Scale(QLQ-C30) was used to evaluate the patient-reported outcomes(PROs) during postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early-stage *** events(AEs) were assessed in the safety ***:Out of the total 180 patients,173 patients(116in the chemo+CHM group and 57 in the chemo+placebo group) were included in the PRO *** initial mean QLQ-C30 Global Health Status(GHS)/QoL scores at baseline were 57.16±1.64 and 57.67±2.25 for the two respective groups(P>0.05).Compared with baseline,the chemo+CHM group had an improvement in QLQ-C30GHS/QoL score at week 18 [least squares mean(LSM) change 17.83,95% confidence interval(CI) 14.29 to 21.38].Conversely,the chemo+placebo group had a decrease in the score(LSM change-13.67,95% CI-22.70 to-4.63).A significant between-group difference in the LSM GHS/QoL score was observed,amounting to 31.63 points(95% CI25.61 to 37.64,P<0.001).The similar trends were observed in physical functioning,fatigue and appetite *** week 18,patients in the chemo+CHM group had a higher proportion of improvement or stabilization in GHS/QoL functional and symptom scores compared to chemo+placebo group(P<0.001).The median time to deterioration

关键词： Chinese herbal medicine adjuvant chemotherapy health-related quality of life non-small-cell lung cancer patient-reported outcome

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伦理先行:生成式人工智能的治理策略

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云南社会科学 2024年第4期 60-71页

作者：支振锋刘佳琨中国社会科学院法学研究所中国社会科学院大学法学院

生成式人工智能的迅猛发展为数字经济发展提供新动力,为社会民生创造新福祉,同时也引发了一系列现实挑战。中国现行立法已为生成式人工智能的发展划定了基本的安全保障底线,但该技术的发展方向和产业发展均处在高度不确定性当中,部分安... 详细信息

生成式人工智能的迅猛发展为数字经济发展提供新动力,为社会民生创造新福祉,同时也引发了一系列现实挑战。中国现行立法已为生成式人工智能的发展划定了基本的安全保障底线,但该技术的发展方向和产业发展均处在高度不确定性当中,部分安全风险可能是被制造的焦虑,以国家立法形式进行规制为时尚早。生成式人工智能的治理需要伦理先行,坚持激励相容精神,为人工智能新技术新应用创新留下充分空间,以伦理治理的方式推动技术社区、产业群体、社会组织、社会公众、治理机构共同进行探索磨合,凝聚共识,待实践经验充足、立法时机成熟时,再将共识性规范纳入法律框架之中。

关键词：生成式人工智能伦理治理科技伦理多元治理

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Identification of deuterons at BESIII

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第1期48卷 1-6页

作者：王维郑波秦佳佳王至勇 University of South China Hengyang 421001China Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy Design and Safety Ministry EducationHengyang 421001China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The identification of deuterons with momenta in the range of 0.52−0.72 GeV/c is studied with specific ionization energy loss information using a data sample collected by the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.009 and 4.946 *** deuteron samples are selected using time of flight *** all data samples,the deuteron identification efficiencies are higher than 95%,with a maximum difference of%between data and Monte Carlo *** verifies the effectiveness of the deuteron identification method based on specific ionization energy loss and provides valuable information for future studies on processes involving deuterons in the final state at BESIII.

关键词： specific ionization energy loss BESIII identification of deuterons particle identification efficiency

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矿渣-白泥固化黄土的力学性能与微观机理

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中国公路学报 2024年第6期37卷 181-192页

作者：薛志佳罗江晏长根张营张英立贾小龙长安大学公路学院陕西西安710064 成都市市政工程设计研究院有限公司四川成都610023 宁夏交通建设股份有限公司宁夏银川750002

为探究矿渣与白泥固废材料应用于黄土路基加固的可行性,并解决传统石灰固化黄土强度较低以及生产污染大的问题,制备了矿渣-白泥胶凝材料,随后使用不同掺量(0%、5%、10%、15%)的矿渣-白泥胶凝材料对黄土进行固化,结合基本物理化学性质,... 详细信息

为探究矿渣与白泥固废材料应用于黄土路基加固的可行性,并解决传统石灰固化黄土强度较低以及生产污染大的问题,制备了矿渣-白泥胶凝材料,随后使用不同掺量(0%、5%、10%、15%)的矿渣-白泥胶凝材料对黄土进行固化,结合基本物理化学性质,探究了固化黄土的无侧限抗压强度以及耐久性(干湿和冻融)的变化规律,并通过XRD、TG/DTG和SEM揭示了其微观机理。试验结果表明:矿渣-白泥胶凝材料中矿渣占比越高强度增长潜力越大,但矿渣占比超过70%时,会导致试样无法成型;适当增加其中的白泥占比,可以提高pH值以及早期强度,综合成本来看其最佳配比为60∶40;未浸水条件下,10%掺量时矿渣-白泥固化黄土28 d无侧限抗压强度为4.9 MPa,相比于石灰固化黄土提高2.2倍,水稳定系数提高0.45倍,满足路基填料强度要求;矿渣-白泥胶凝材料可以显著提高黄土的耐久性,10%与15%掺量时固化黄土经14次冻融后强度和质量变化均小于2%,固化黄土的强度随干湿循环次数先增加后降低,并且12次干湿循环后强度均高于28 d强度。微观测试表明:白泥能促进矿渣的水化作用,矿渣-白泥胶凝材料的主要水化产物为CSH等凝胶,CSH凝胶的胶结作用是固化黄土强度和耐久性提升的主要来源,而填充效果起到次要作用。

关键词：路基工程固化黄土力学强度测试矿渣-白泥耐久性

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美式选举原则异化与政治极化

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江苏行政学院学报 2024年第3期 71-78页

作者：佟德志黄佳雯天津师范大学政治与行政学院天津300387

美式选举原则在实践中出现异化并加剧了政治极化。其中,竞争原则的异化使无序竞争取代合作妥协,造成了美国两党与民众意识形态的两极分化。多数原则的异化使竞选者为了获取一锤定音式的胜利,过分关注少数群体的利益而忽视多数群体的诉求... 详细信息

美式选举原则在实践中出现异化并加剧了政治极化。其中,竞争原则的异化使无序竞争取代合作妥协,造成了美国两党与民众意识形态的两极分化。多数原则的异化使竞选者为了获取一锤定音式的胜利,过分关注少数群体的利益而忽视多数群体的诉求,加剧了社会矛盾与极化倾向。资本介入下的代表原则发生异化,使美国政党与意识形态更为极化的资本集团捆绑在一起,为了迎合资本集团的需要,政党忽视了民众的根本利益,极化倾向愈发突出。这些选举原则都是为确保选举的公平与民主设计的,但在实践中却不可避免地走向其对立面,不仅没有带来真实有效的民主,反而加剧了政治极化,造成了不同群体的割裂。

关键词：美式选举政治极化竞争原则多数原则代表原则

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Deep learning framework for comprehensive molecular and prognostic stratifications of triple-negative breast cancer

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Fundamental Research 2024年第3期4卷 678-689页

作者： Shen Zhao Chao-Yang Yan Hong Lv Jing-Cheng Yang Chao You Zi-Ang Li Ding Ma Yi Xiao jia Hu Wen-Tao Yang Yi-Zhou jiang Jun Xu zhi-Ming Shao Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai Department of Breast SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200032China Institute for AI in Medicine School of Artificial IntelligenceNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Pathology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200032China Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine Guangzhou 511466China Department of Radiology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200032China

Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is the most challenging breast cancer *** stratification and target therapy bring clinical benefit for TNBC patients,but it is difficult to implement comprehensive molecular testing in clinical ***,using our multi-omics TNBC cohort(N=425),a deep learning-based framework was devised and validated for comprehensive predictions of molecular features,subtypes and prognosis from pathological whole slide *** framework first incorporated a neural network to decompose the tissue on WSIs,followed by a second one which was trained based on certain tissue types for predicting different ***-omics molecular features were analyzed including somatic mutations,copy number alterations,germline mutations,biological pathway activities,metabolomics features and immunotherapy *** was shown that the molecular features with therapeutic implications can be predicted including the somatic PIK3CA mutation,germline BRCA2 mutation and PD-L1 protein expression(area under the curve[AUC]:0.78,0.79 and 0.74 respectively).The molecular subtypes of TNBC can be identified(AUC:0.84,0.85,0.93 and 0.73 for the basal-like immune-suppressed,immunomodulatory,luminal androgen receptor,and mesenchymal-like subtypes respectively)and their distinctive morphological patterns were revealed,which provided novel insights into the heterogeneity of TNBC.A neural network integrating image features and clinical covariates stratified patients into groups with different survival outcomes(log-rank P<0.001).Our prediction framework and neural network models were externally validated on the TNBC cases from TCGA(N=143)and appeared robust to the changes in patient *** potential clinical translation,we built a novel online platform,where we modularized and deployed our framework along with the validated *** can realize real-time one-stop prediction for new *** summary,using only pathological WSIs,our proposed framework

关键词： Triple-negative breast cancer Deep learning Digital pathology Patient stratification Online platform

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In-situ deposited anti-aging TiN capping layer for Nb superconducting quantum circuits

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第9期33卷 133-137页

作者： Hao-Ran Tao Lei Du Liang-Liang Guo Yong Chen Hai-Feng Zhang Xiao-Yan Yang Guo-Liang Xu Chi Zhang zhi-Long jia Peng Duan Guo-Ping Guo CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Origin Quantum Computing Company Limited Hefei 230088China

The performance of Nb superconducting quantum devices is predominantly limited by dielectric loss at the metal–air interface,where Nb2O5 is considered the main loss ***,we suppress the formation of native oxides by in-situ deposition of a TiN capping layer on the Nb *** TiN capping layers,no Nb2O5 forms on the surface of the Nb *** quality factor Qi of the Nb resonator increases from 5.6×10^(5) to 7.9×10^(5) at low input power and from 6.8×10^(6) to 1.1×10^(7)at high input ***,the TiN capping layer also shows good aging resistance in Nb resonator devices,with no significant performance fluctuations after one month of *** findings highlight the effectiveness of TiN capping layers in enhancing the performance and longevity of Nb superconducting quantum devices.

关键词： anti-aging oxidation dielectric loss Nb superconducting quantum circuits

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