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Arctic sea-ice extent: No record minimum.in 2023 or recent years

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 52-55页

作者： Ola m.Johannessen Tor i.Olaussen Nansen Scientific Society BergenNorway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center BergenNorway

Arctic sea-ice extent reaches its minimum each year in September. On 11 September 2023 the minimum was 4.969 million square kilometers(***^(2)). This was not a record low, which occurred in 2012, when the minimum was 4.175 ***^(2), 0.794 ***^(2) less than the minimum.in 2023. However, the ice extent had decreased by 0.432 ***^(2) compared with 2022. Nevertheless, the summer melting in 2023 was remarkably less than expected when considering the strong heat waves in the atmosphere and ocean, with record temperatures set around the world. in general, there is a high correlation between the long-term decrease in sea-ice extent and the increasing CO_(2) in the atmosphere, where the increase of CO_(2) in recent decades explains about 80% of the decrease in sea ice in September, while the rem.inder is caused by natural variability.

关键词： Sea ice Arctic minimum.ice Climate

16.48% Efficient solution-processed CiGS solar cells with crystal growth and defects engineering enabled by Ag doping strategy

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 59-65页

作者： mengyu Xu Shaocong Yan Ting Liang jia jia Shengjie Yuan Dongxing Kou Zhengji Zhou Wenhui Zhou Yafang Qi Yuena meng Litao Han Sixin Wu Key Laboratory for Special Functional materials of mOE National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology School of Nanoscience and Materials Engineering Henan University

Solution-processed Cu（in,Ga）Se2（CiGS） solar cells suffer from serious carrier recom.ination and power conversion efficiency（PCE） loss because of the poor film properties and easy formation of ***, we propose Ag&Se co-selenization strategy to enhance the crystallization and passivate harmful defects of the CiGS films. The formation of Ag-Se phase during the selenization process enables the formation of large grains and suppresses the deep level defects. it is found that Ag doping can enlarge the depletion region width, lower the Urbach energy and prolong the carrier lifetime. As a result, a cham.ion solution-processed CiGS solar cell presents a high efficiency of 16.48% with the highly improved opencircuit voltage（VOC） of 662 m V and fill factor（FF） of 75.8%. This work provides an efficient strategy to prepare high quality solution-processed CiGS films for high-performance CiGS solar cells.

关键词： CiGS solar cells Solution-processed method Ag doping Crystal growth Defects engineering

Record-breaking bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst accomplished by a data-driven approach for zinc-air batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 144-145页

作者： Deviprasath Chinnadurai Zhi wei Seh institute of materials Research and Engineering (imRE) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR)

Rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs) have recently drawn great attention in energy research due to their high theoretical capacity,low costs, and inherently safe nature [1–3]. However, the sluggish cathode reactions necessitate the development of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts with lower ΔE indicator values. The ΔE indicator is commonly employed to quantitatively evaluate the electrocatalytic activity of a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst,representing the overall overpotential from oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) to oxygen evolution reaction(OER).

关键词： Data-driven approach Bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst Record breaking performance Zinc-air batteries

inhibiting SHP2 reduces glycolysis, promotes microglial m1 polarization, and alleviates secondary inflammation following spinal cord injury in a mouse model

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 858-872页

作者： Xintian Ding Chun Chen Heng Zhao Bin Dai Lei Ye Tao Song Shuai Huang jia Wang Tao You Department of Orthopedics The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina Department of Orthopedics Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina

Reducing the secondary inflammatory response, which is partly mediated by microglia, is a key focus in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2(SHP2), encoded by PTPN11, is widely expressed in the human body and plays a role in inflammation through various mechanisms. Therefore, SHP2 is considered a potential target for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. However, its role in secondary inflammation after spinal cord injury rem.ins unclear. in this study, SHP2 was found to be abundantly expressed in microglia at the site of spinal cord injury. inhibition of SHP2 expression using siRNA and SHP2 inhibitors attenuated the microglial inflammatory response in an in vitro lipopolysaccharide-induced model of inflammation. Notably, after treatment with SHP2 inhibitors, mice with spinal cord injury exhibited significantly improved hind limb locomotor function and reduced residual urine volume in the bladder. Subsequent in vitro experiments showed that, in microglia stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, inhibiting SHP2 expression promoted m2 polarization and inhibited m1 polarization. Finally, a co-culture experiment was conducted to assess the effect of microglia treated with SHP2 inhibitors on neuronal cells. The results demonstrated that inflammatory factors produced by microglia promoted neuronal apoptosis, while inhibiting SHP2 expression mitigated these effects. Collectively, our findings suggest that SHP2 enhances secondary inflammation and neuronal damage subsequent to spinal cord injury by modulating microglial phenotype. Therefore, inhibiting SHP2 alleviates the inflammatory response in mice with spinal cord injury and promotes functional recovery postinjury.

关键词： apoptosis glycolysis inflammatory response microglia neurons polarization spinal cord injury Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2

Boosting Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance on NiFe‑Based Catalysts Through d‑Orbital Hybridization

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Nano-micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 281-292页

作者： Xing Wang wei Pi Sheng Hu Haifeng Bao Na Yao wei Luo State Key Laboratory of New Textile materials and Advanced Processing Technology Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Applications of Hubei ProvinceSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200People’s Republic of China College of Chemistry and molecular Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072People’s Republic of China

Anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers(AEmWEs)for green hydrogen production have received intensive attention due to their feasibility of using earth-abundant NiFe-based *** introducing a third metal into NiFe-based catalysts to construct asymmetrical m-NiFe units,the d-orbital and electronic structures can be adjusted,which is an important strategy to achieve sufficient oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance in ***,the ternary NiFem(m:La,mo)catalysts featured with distinct m-NiFe units and varying d-orbitals are reported in this *** and theoretical calculation results reveal that the doping of La leads to optimized hybridization between d orbital in NiFem and 2p in oxygen,resulting in enhanced adsorption strength of oxygen intermediates,and reduced rate-determining step energy barrier,which is responsible for the enhanced OER *** critically,the obtained NiFeLa catalyst only requires 1.58 V to reach 1 A cm^(−2) in an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer and demonstrates excellent long-term stability of up to 600 h.

关键词： NiFe-based catalysts d-orbital coupling Oxygen evolution reaction Anion exchange membrane electrolyzer

müller cells are activated in response to retinal outer nuclear layer degeneration in rats subjected to simulated weightlessness conditions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2116-2128页

作者： Yuxue mu Ning Zhang Dongyu wei Guoqing Yang Lilingxuan Yao Xinyue Xu Yang Li Junhui Xue Zuoming Zhang Tao Chen Aerospace Clinical medical Center School of Aerospace MedicineAir Force Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxi ProvinceChina Department of Aviation medicine Xijing HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxi ProvinceChina Department of Emergency medicine Wuhan No.1 HospitalWuhanHubei ProvinceChina Third Regiment School of Basic MedicineAir Force Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxi ProvinceChina Fourth Regiment School of Basic MedicineAir Force Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxi ProvinceChina

A microgravity environment has been shown to cause ocular damage and affect visual acuity,but the underlying mechanisms rem.in ***,we established an animal model of weightlessness via tail suspension to examine the pathological changes and molecular mechanisms of retinal damage under *** 4 weeks of tail suspension,there were no notable alterations in retinal function and morphology,while after 8 weeks of tail suspension,significant reductions in retinal function were observed,and the outer nuclear layer was thinner,with abundant apoptotic *** investigate the mechanism underlying the degenerative changes that occurred in the outer nuclear layer of the retina,proteomics was used to analyze differentially expressed proteins in rat retinas after 8 weeks of tail *** results showed that the expression levels of fibroblast growth factor 2(also known as basic fibroblast growth factor)and glial fibrillary acidic protein,which are closely related to müller cell activation,were significantly *** addition,müller cell regeneration and müller cell gliosis were observed after 4 and 8 weeks,respectively,of simulated *** findings indicate that müller cells play an important regulatory role in retinal outer nuclear layer degeneration during weightlessness.

关键词： glial fibrous acidic protein gliosis müller cells nerve growth factor neural differentiation neurodegeneration proteomic retinal degeneration retinal outer nuclear layer simulated weightlessness

integration of Electrical Properties and Polarization Loss modulation on Atomic Fe–N‑RGO for Boosting Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

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Nano-micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 517-532页

作者： Kaili Zhang Yuefeng Yan Zhen Wang Guansheng ma Dechang jia Xiaoxiao Huang Yu Zhou State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding&Joining of materials and Structures Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001People’s Republic of China School of materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001People’s Republic of China m.iT Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural‑Functional integration materials&Green manufacturing Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001People’s Republic of China

Developing effective strategies to regulate graphene’s conduction loss and polarization has become a key to expanding its application in the electromagnetic wave absorption(EmWA)*** on the unique energy band structure of graphene,regulating its bandgap and electrical properties by introducing heteroatoms is considered a feasible ***,metal-nitrogen doping reduced graphene oxide(m–N-RGO)was prepared by embedding a series of single metal atoms m–N_(4) sites(m=mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Nb,Cd,and Sn)in RGO using an N-coordination atom-assisted *** composites had adjustable conductivity and polarization to optimize dielectric loss and impedance matching for efficient EmWA *** results showed that the minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))of Fe–N-RGO reaches−74.05 dB(2.0 mm)and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EAB_(max))is 7.05 GHz(1.89 mm)even with a low filler loading of only 1 wt%.Com.ined with X-ray absorption spectra(XAFS),atomic force microscopy,and density functional theory calculation analysis,the Fe–N_(4) can be used as the polarization center to increase dipole polarization,interface polarization and defect-induced polarization due to d-p orbital hybridization and structural ***,electron migration within the Fe further leads to conduction loss,thereby synergistically promoting energy *** study demonstrates the effectiveness of metal-nitrogen doping in regulating the graphene′s dielectric properties,which provides an important basis for further investigation of the loss mechanism.

关键词： Electromagnetic wave absorption Fe-N-RGO Dipole polarization Conduction loss impedance matching

20μm Li metal modified with phosphate rich polymer-inorganic interphase applied in commercial carbonate electrolyte

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第1期76卷 233-238,I0006页

作者： Lin Lin wei Lu Feipeng Zhao Siru Chen jia Liu Haiming Xie Yulong Liu School of Chemistry Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024JilinChina Key Laboratory of Functional materials Physics and Chemistry ministry of Education Jilin Normal UniversityChangchun 130103JilinChina College of information Technology Jilin Normal UniversitySiping 13600oJilinChina Department of mechanical and materials Engineering Western UniversityLondon N6A 3K7Canada

Li metal batteries are supposed to reach real application in order to fulfill the high-energy density requirement of energy storage ***,the commonly used carbonate electrolyte react with pristine Li,which result in short lifetime of lithium metal *** alleviate the side reactions of Li metal with liquid electrolyte,here we propose a phosphate rich polymer-inorganic layer as an *** to the inert properties of lithium phosphate derived from LiPO_(2)F_(2)and poly-ether,the side-reaction of carbonate solvent are *** a result,lithium metal anode sustains for 800 cycles in symmetrical cell test under 1 m A cm^(-2).Even under strict condition(20μm Li,capacity ratio N/P=2.3,electrolyte/active material=3μL mg^(-1)),coin cell test still runs stable for 150 cycles with high Coulom.ic ***,both LiFePO_(4)and LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)mn_(0.1)O_(2)pouch cell under 5μL m A^(-1)h^(-1)condition also exhibit good stability at 0.5 C and 2 C *** this approach,high-energy and high-power Li metal batteries are approaching to real application in the near future.

关键词： Lithium metal anode Lithium phosphate Ultra-thin Lithium Solid electrolyte interphase

TETRAHEDRAL C^m.iNTERPOLATiON BY RATiONAL FUNCTiONS

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Journal of Computational mathematics 2001年第2期19卷 131-138页

作者： Guo-liang Xu Chuan i Chu wei-min Xue State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering ComputingAcademy of Mathematics an d Systems SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080China Department of mathematics Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloonHong Kong

A general local C-m(m greater than or equal to 0) tetrahedral interpolation scheme by polynomials of degree 4m + 1 plus low order rational functions from the given data is proposed. The scheme can have either 4m + 1 order algebraic precision if C-2m data at vertices and C-m data on faces are given or k + E[k/3] + 1 order algebraic precision if C-k (k less than or equal to 2m) data are given at vertices. The resulted interpolant and its partial derivatives of up to order m are polynomials on the boundaries of the tetrahedra.

关键词： C-m.interpolation rational functions tetrahedra