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Design Strategies for Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries with High Zinc Utilization: From Metal Anodes to Anode-Free Structures

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第4期16卷 305-349页

作者： Xianfu Zhang long Zhang Xinyuan jia Wen Song Yongchang Liu School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing30 College RoadBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Institute for Advanced Materials and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and MaterialsUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China

Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage due to the excellent safety, environmental friendliness, natural abundance, high theoretical specific capacity, and low redox potential of zinc(Zn) metal. However,several issues such as dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and passivation of Zn metal anodes cause irreversible loss of the active materials. To solve these issues, researchers often use large amounts of excess Zn to ensure a continuous supply of active materials for Zn anodes. This leads to the ultralow utilization of Zn anodes and squanders the high energy density of AZMBs. Herein, the design strategies for AZMBs with high Zn utilization are discussed in depth, from utilizing thinner Zn foils to constructing anode-free structures with theoretical Zn utilization of 100%, which provides comprehensive guidelines for further research. Representative methods for calculating the depth of discharge of Zn anodes with different structures are first summarized. The reasonable modification strategies of Zn foil anodes, current collectors with pre-deposited Zn, and anode-free aqueous Zn metal batteries(AF-AZMBs) to improve Zn utilization are then detailed. In particular, the working mechanism of AF-AZMBs is systematically introduced. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for constructing high-utilization Zn anodes are presented.

关键词： Aqueous zinc metal batteries Zinc anodes High zinc utilization Depth of discharge Anode-free structures

From dichotomy to diversity:deciphering the multifaceted roles of tumor-associated macrophages in cancer progression and therapy

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第2期21卷 132-138页

作者： Xiumei Wang jun Chen Guangshuai jia Department of Immunology and Microbiology Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China Jinfeng Laboratory Chongqing 401329China GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510182China

Macrophages are innate immune cells that are ubiquitously distributed throughout the vertebrate body.Macrophages orchestrate sophisticated processes in development,homeostasis,immunity,and disease1.Macrophages residing in tumor tissues are commonly known as tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)and promote or inhibit tumor growth depending on the activation state2.

关键词： immunity homeostasis tumor

Differential bonding behaviors of sodium/potassium-ion storage in sawdust waste carbon derivatives

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 496-501页

作者： jun-Ming Cao Kai-Yang Zhang jia-Lin Yang Zhen-Yi Gu Xing-long Wu MOE Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China Department of Chemistry Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries(PIBs) are the most promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries, and thus have drawn intensive research attention. Porous carbon materials from different precursors have been widely used as anode materials owing to their compatible storage effectiveness of both larger radii sodium and potassium ions. However, the differential bonding behaviors of Na and K ions with porous carbon-based anode are the significant one worth investigating, which could provide a clean picture of alkali ions storage mechanism. Therefore, in this work, we prepare a porous carbon network derived from sawdust(SDC) wastes, to further analyze the differences on sodium and potassium ions storage behaviors in terms of bond-forming process. It is found that, as-prepared SDC anodes could deliver stable sodium and potassium storage capacities, however, there are notable distinctions in terms of electrochemical behaviors and diffusion processes. By virtue of ex-situ XRD and Raman spectroscopy, the phase transition reaction of potassium ions could be well-observed, and the results shows that the multiple intercalated compounds was formed in SDC network during ions insertion, further resulting in slower diffusion kinetics and larger resistance compared to non-bonded process of sodium ions storage. This study provides more insights into the differences between sodium and potassium ions storage, as well as the energy storage mechanism of porous carbon as anodes for secondary batteries.

关键词： Porous carbon Sodium-ion storage Potassium-ion storage Bonding behaviors Batteries

China stroke surveillance report 2021

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Military Medical Research 2024年第3期11卷 374-399页

作者： Wen-jun Tu long-De Wang 无 Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100070China School of Public Health Peking UniversityBeijing 100191China Special Writing Group of China Stroke Surveillance Report

Since 2015,stroke has become the leading cause of death and disability in China,posing a significant threat to the health of its citizens as a major chronic non-communicable disease.According to the China Stroke High-risk Population Screening and Intervention Program,an estimated 17.8 million[95%confidence interval(CI)17.6–18.0million]adults in China had experienced a stroke in 2020,with 3.4 million(95%CI 3.3–3.5 million)experiencing their first-ever stroke and another 2.3 million(95%CI 2.2–2.4 million)dying as a result.Additionally,approximately 12.5%(95%CI 12.4%–12.5%)of stroke survivors were left disabled,as defined by a modified Rankin Scale score greater than 1,equating to 2.2 million(95%CI 2.1–2.2 million)stroke-related disabilities in 2020.As the population ages and the prevalence of risk factors like diabetes,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia continues to rise and remains poorly controlled,the burden of stroke in China is also increasing.A large national epidemiological survey initiated by the China Hypertension League in 2017 showed that the prevalence of hypertension was 24.7%;the awareness,treatment,and control rates in hypertensive patients were:60.1%,42.5%,and 25.4%,respectively.A nationally representative sample of the Chinese mainland population showed that the weighted prevalence of total diabetes diagnosed by the American Diabetes Association criteria was 12.8%,suggesting there are 120 million adults with diabetes in China,and the awareness,treatment,and control rates in diabetic patients were:43.3%,49.0%,and 49.4%,respectively.The“Sixth National Health Service Statistical Survey Report in 2018”showed that the proportion of the obese population in China was 37.4%,an increase of 7.2 points from 2013.Data from 1599 hospitals in the Hospital Quality Monitoring System and Bigdata Observatory Platform for Stroke of China(BOSC)showed that a total of 3,418,432 stroke cases[mean age±standard error(SE)was(65.700±0.006)years,and 59.1%were male]were admitted during 2020.Of those,over 80.0%(81.9%)were ischemic

关键词： Stroke Epidemiological characteristics Treatment Prognosis China

New method for multibody dynamics based on unknown constraint force

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 791-808页

作者： TIAN Ying jia YingHong ZHANG jun School of Astronautics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Beijing Institute of Control Engineering Beijing 100190China National Laboratory of Space Intelligent Control Beijing 100190China

This paper presents a new method for the dynamics of multibody systems based on unknown constraint force. The method can uniformly solve multibody systems with typical configurations, including the system with rigid-flexible coupling, the system in tree topology, and the system with loop constraints. Unlike common methods, the proposed method can model the loop system without “cutting off” loop constraints, leading to the exact same modelling process as the tree-like system performs. Based on graph theory, a topological record matrix M_(rec) is proposed to capture the arbitrary system configuration. Moreover, constraint forces are selected as the key variables in semi-recursive framework. With the recursive kinematics relationship between adjacent bodies, the constraint force equation is further assembled to achieve the full-state system solution. The numerical simulations demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method.

关键词： multibody system dynamic modelling rigid-flexible coupling unknown constraint force graph theory semi-recursive algorithm

Unraveling the complex roles of macrophages in obese adipose tissue:an overview

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Frontiers of Medicine 2024年第2期18卷 205-236页

作者： Chang Peng jun Chen Rui Wu Haowen jiang jia Li Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou310000China State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201203China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Department of Prosthodontics Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and MaterialsShanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology&Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai Ninth People’s HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200011China

Macrophages,a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells,exhibit remarkable plasticity and play pivotal roles in coordinating immune responses and maintaining tissue homeostasis within the context of metabolic diseases.The activation of inflammatory macrophages in obese adipose tissue leads to detrimental effects,inducing insulin resistance through increased inflammation,impaired thermogenesis,and adipose tissue fibrosis.Meanwhile,adipose tissue macrophages also play a beneficial role in maintaining adipose tissue homeostasis by regulating angiogenesis,facilitating the clearance of dead adipocytes,and promoting mitochondrial transfer.Exploring the heterogeneity of macrophages in obese adipose tissue is crucial for unraveling the pathogenesis of obesity and holds significant potential for targeted therapeutic interventions.Recently,the dual effects and some potential regulatory mechanisms of macrophages in adipose tissue have been elucidated using single-cell technology.In this review,we present a comprehensive overview of the intricate activation mechanisms and diverse functions of macrophages in adipose tissue during obesity,as well as explore the potential of drug delivery systems targeting macrophages,aiming to enhance the understanding of current regulatory mechanisms that may be potentially targeted for treating obesity or metabolic diseases.

关键词： obesity inflammation adipose tissue macrophages adipose tissue homeostasis

Survey on performance of vertical slot and nature-like fishways at Angu hydropower station, Southwest China

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Water Science and Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 83-91页

作者： jun-jian Sun jia-yue Shi Qi Zhang Xiao-tao Shi jun-jun Tan PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited Hangzhou 311122China Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China

To restore dam-blocked natural fish migratory passages,a growing number of artificial fishways have been built in water conservancy and hydropower projects in China.The Angu hydropower station involved diverse important fish habitats in the lower reaches of the Daduhe River in Southwest China.Therefore,a vertical slot fishway(VSF)and a nature-like fishway(NLF)were built near the backwater area of the reservoir to connect the upstream and downstream habitats.Hydrodynamic and aquatic ecological surveys were conducted after the completion of the project to estimate the fish passing effect of the two fishways.The results indicated that both fishways were in effective operation and could maintain the desired hydrodynamic conditions and be used by several local fish species.During the survey,149 fish from 15 species and 111 fish from 17 species were captured by the traps in the VSF and NLF,respectively,while 1263 fish from 27 species were found in the downstream area.Some species captured in the VSF were not found in the NLF,and vice versa,which implied the different preferences of fish.Meanwhile,3789 signals including 2099 upward ones and 1690 downward ones were monitored with an ultrasonic fish detector at the inlet of the VSF.These findings revealed the characteristics of fish species observed in and near the fishways and provided valuable insights into the different fish passing capabilities of VSFandNLF.

关键词： Vertical slot fishway Nature-like fishway Aguatic ecological survey Fishwaymonitoring Statistical analysis

Distributed Nash Equilibrium Seeking Strategies Under Quantized Communication

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第1期11卷 103-112页

作者： Maojiao Ye Qing-long Han Lei Ding Shengyuan Xu Guobiao jia IEEE the School of Automation Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China the School of Science Computing and Engineering TechnologiesSwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourne VIC 3122Australia the Institute of Advanced Technology Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China

This paper is concerned with distributed Nash equi librium seeking strategies under quantized communication. In the proposed seeking strategy, a projection operator is synthesized with a gradient search method to achieve the optimization o players' objective functions while restricting their actions within required non-empty, convex and compact domains. In addition, a leader-following consensus protocol, in which quantized informa tion flows are utilized, is employed for information sharing among players. More specifically, logarithmic quantizers and uniform quantizers are investigated under both undirected and connected communication graphs and strongly connected digraphs, respec tively. Through Lyapunov stability analysis, it is shown that play ers' actions can be steered to a neighborhood of the Nash equilib rium with logarithmic and uniform quantizers, and the quanti fied convergence error depends on the parameter of the quan tizer for both undirected and directed cases. A numerical exam ple is given to verify the theoretical results.

关键词： Consensus distributed Nash equilibrium seeking projected gradient play quantized communication

On the Difference Between the Skew-rank of an Oriented Graph and the Rank of Its Underlying Graph

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2024年第1期40卷 129-136页

作者： jia-min Zhu Bo-jun Yuan Yi Wang School of Mathematical Sciences Anhui UniversityHefei230601China School of Science Zhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhou310023China

Let G be a simple graph and G~σ be the oriented graph with G as its underlying graph and orientation σ.The rank of the adjacency matrix of G is called the rank of G and is denoted by r(G).The rank of the skew-adjacency matrix of G~σ is called the skew-rank of G~σ and is denoted by sr(G~σ).Let V(G)be the vertex set and E(G) be the edge set of G.The cyclomatic number of G,denoted by c(G),is equal to |E(G)|-|V(G)|+ω(G),where ω(G) is the number of the components of G.It is proved for any oriented graph G~σ that-2c(G)≤sr(G~σ)-r(G)≤2c(G).In this paper,we prove that there is no oriented graph G~σwith sr(G~σ)-r(G)=2c(G)-1,and in addition,there are infinitely many oriented graphs G~σ with connected underlying graphs such that c(G)=k and sr(G~σ)-r(G)=2c(G)-l for every integers k,l satisfying 0 ≤l≤4k and l≠1.

关键词： cyclomatic number rank skew-rank