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A Weakly-Supervised Crowd Density Estimation Method Based on Two-Stage Linear Feature Calibration

IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 965-981页

作者： Yong-Chao Li Rui-Sheng jia Ying-Xiang Hu Hong-Mei {1. the College of Computer Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590 the Faculty of Information Science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266000China the College of Computer Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China the College of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210000China

In a crowd density estimation dataset,the annotation of crowd locations is an extremely laborious task,and they are not taken into the evaluation *** this paper,we aim to reduce the annotation cost of crowd datasets,and propose a crowd density estimation method based on weakly-supervised learning,in the absence of crowd position supervision information,which directly reduces the number of crowds by using the number of pedestrians in the image as the supervised *** this purpose,we design a new training method,which exploits the correlation between global and local image features by incremental learning to train the ***,we design a parent-child network(PC-Net)focusing on the global and local image respectively,and propose a linear feature calibration structure to train the PC-Net simultaneously,and the child network learns feature transfer factors and feature bias weights,and uses the transfer factors and bias weights to linearly feature calibrate the features extracted from the Parent network,to improve the convergence of the network by using local features hidden in the crowd *** addition,we use the pyramid vision transformer as the backbone of the PC-Net to extract crowd features at different levels,and design a global-local feature loss function(L2).We combine it with a crowd counting loss(LC)to enhance the sensitivity of the network to crowd features during the training process,which effectively improves the accuracy of crowd density *** experimental results show that the PC-Net significantly reduces the gap between fullysupervised and weakly-supervised crowd density estimation,and outperforms the comparison methods on five datasets of Shanghai Tech Part A,ShanghaiTech Part B,UCF_CC_50,UCF_QNRF and JHU-CROWD++.

关键词： Crowd density estimation linear feature calibration vision transformer weakly-supervision learning

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Passivation remediation of weakly alkaline Cd-contaminated soils using combined treatments of biochar and sepiolite

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 40-52页

作者： Yuxin Zhang Shan Gao Hongtao jia Tao {1. Shunan Zheng Shihang Wu Yuebing {1. Key Laboratory of Original AgroEnvironmental Pollution Prevention and Control Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety Agro–Environmental Protection InstituteMARA College of Resources and Environment Sciences Xinjiang Agricultural University Rural Energy and Environment Agency Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

Background Cadmium(Cd) pollution in agricultural soils has become a priority environmental concern globally. A reasonable application of passivators is critical to address the problem. In this study, we examined the remediation effects of rice husk biochar(r BC) and sepiolite(Sep) as single and combined(r BC + Sep) treatments on Cd pollution in a weakly alkaline soil using three maize cultivars(Liyu 1., Zhengdan 958, and Sanbei 21.) as test crops. We also explained the mechanisms involved in the remediation *** The pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and Langmuir model could well describe the adsorption process of r BC + Sep for Cd2+. Compared with the control treatment(CK), soil available Cd concentration decreased by 29.51.36.34% under r BC + Sep treatment(p1., Zhengdan 958, and Sanbei 21. decreased by 38.08–47.85%, 37.25–45.61., and 33.96–46.1.%, respectively(p1.(0.05–0.09) and Sanbei 21.(0.05–0.09) were lower than those of Zhengdan 958(0.07–0.1.). In addition, r BC +Sep treatment increased soil p H and soil electrical conductivity, but the differences were not significant(p> 0.05).Conclusions The application of 0.2% r BC + 0.5% Sep composite passivation material to weakly alkaline Cd-contaminated soil can effectively reduce the Cd concentration of soil and maize.

关键词： Cd Rice husk biochar Sepiolite Passivation restoration Weakly alkaline soil Maize

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High-rate lithium-ion battery performance of a ternary sea urchin-shaped CoNiO_(2)@NiP_(6)Mo_(1.)/CNTs composites

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第9期96卷 516-525页

作者： Li-ping Cui Shuang sun Kai Yu Shu Zhang Mei-lin Wang {1.-{1. Chen Bai-bin Zhou Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Normal UniversityHarbin 150025HeilongjiangChina State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Department of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005FujianChina

Bimetallic oxides are attractive anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to their large theoretical ***,the low conductivity,short cycle life,and poor rate capability are the bottlenecks for their further *** overcome above issues,the basket-like polymolybdate(NiP_(6)Mo_(1.))and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)were uniformly embedded on the urchin-shaped CoNiO_(2)nanospheres to yield a ternary composites CoNiO_(2)@NiP_(6)Mo_(1.)/CNTs via electrostatic *** multi-level morphology of urchin spinules accelerates the diffusion rate of Li^(+);CNT improves the conductivity and enhances cycle stability of the material;and heteropoly acid contributes more redox activity ***,CoNiO_(2)@NiP_(6)Mo_(1.)/CNTs as an anode of LIBs exhibits a high initial capacity(1.96.7 mA h g^(−1.at 0.1.A g^(−1.),long-term cycling stability(750.2 mA h g^(−1.after 300 cycles),and rate performance(450.3 mA h g^(−1.at 2 A g^(−1.),which are superior to reported metallic oxides anode of *** density functional theory(DFT)and kinetic mechanism suggest that CoNiO_(2)@NiP_(6)Mo_(1.)/CNTs delivers an outstanding pseudocapacitance and rapid Li^(+)diffusion behaviors,which is due to the rich surface area of the urchin-like CoNiO_(2)with the uniform embeddedness of NiP_(6)Mo_(1.)and *** study provides a new idea for optimizing the performance of bimetallic oxides and developing high-rate lithium-ion battery composites.

关键词： Bi-metal oxides Transition metal oxides Polyoxometalates Nanocomposite LIBs

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Heat dissipation of carbon shell in ZrC-SiC/TaC coating to improve protective ability against ultrahigh temperature ablation

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第7期13卷 1080-1091页

作者： Yuyu Zhang Xuemeng Zhang Hongkang Ou Bozhe Wang jia {1. Qiangang Fu Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light-Weight CompositesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China System Design Institute of Hubei Aerospace Technology Academy Wuhan 430040China

To efficiently decrease ablation heat accumulation and improve the ability of ZrC-SiC/TaC coatings to protect carbon/carbon(C/C)composites,a thermally conductive nanonetwork with a ceramic@carbon core-shell structure was designed and ***-derived SiC/TaC with a graphene carbon shell was synthesized and introduced into a ZrC coating by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying(SAPS).Graphene shell paths increased the heat transfer capability by lowering the surface temperature to approximately 200℃during oxyacetylene *** heat dissipation of the graphene shell in the ZrC-SiC/TaC@C coating reduced the volatilization of low-melting-point phases and delayed the sintering of ZrO_(2) ***,the graphene shell in ZrC-SiC/TaC@C coating decreased the mass and linear ablation rates by 91.4%and 93.7%compared to ZrC-SiC/TaC coating,*** work provided a constructive idea for improving the ablation resistance of the coatings by incorporating carbon nanomaterials as a function of heat dissipation.

关键词： carbon/carbon(C/C)composites carbon nanomaterials core-shell structure polymer-derived ceramic(PDC) ablation resistance

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Endurance time history analysis of the seismic behavior and performance assessment of hydro-chemo-mechanical degradation-affected hydraulic tunnels with service time

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Underground Space 2024年第4期17卷 207-225页

作者： Benbo sun Pengxiao Wang Gangqin Zhang Ming{1.ng Deng Weiying Liu {1. Xu School of Water Conservancy and Transportation Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Xinjiang Ertix River Basin Development and Construction Management Bureau Urumqi 830000China

Subjected to the coupling action of multiple hazards in hydraulic engineering,hydraulic tunnels may be corroded and damaged to varying degrees during their service lives,which will decrease the seismic performance of these ***,the research and seismic design of significant hydraulic engineering projects focus on investigating the structural response based on the design material parameters,which may overestimate the seismic capacity of structures during their service *** this paper,research is performed to identify the effect of hydro-chemo-mechanical corrosion on the seismic performance of hydraulic tunnels with different burial depths.A plastic damage model of time-varying concrete degradation induced by the hydro-chemo-mechanical effect is first determined and implemented,and the endurance time acceleration records are generated in ***,a study of the endurance time relationship of hydro-chemomechanical corrosion-affected hydraulic tunnels,considering the fluid–structure-surrounding rock interaction systems throughout the service period,is undertaken to directly associate the structural response with the predefined evaluation ***,this research constructs 3D time-varying fragility surfaces considering the hydro-chemo-mechanical effect and seismic *** results show that the relative displacement of hydro-chemo-mechanical corrosion-affected hydraulic tunnels is larger than that of nonaffected hydraulic ***-chemo-mechanical effect-induced material deterioration will lead to an increase in the cumulative damage(crack)area and damage degree of hydraulic ***,the seismic fragility analysis shows that the longer the service time of hydro-chemo-mechanical corrosion-affected hydraulic tunnels,the more likely they are to ***,attention should be given to improving the aseismic capacity of hydro-chemo-mechanical corrosion-affected hydraulic tunnels in future seismic design and performance asses

关键词： Hydro-chemo-mechanical effect Time-varying Hydraulic tunnels Fragility surface

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Univariate Time Series Anomaly Detection Based on Hierarchical Attention Network

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第4期29卷 1181-1193页

作者： Zexi Chen Dongqiang jia Yushu {1. Lin Yang Wenjie Jin Ruoxi Liu State Grid Beijing Electric Power Company Beijing 100031China Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

In order to support the perception and defense of the operation risk of the medium and low voltage distribution system, it is crucial to conduct data mining on the time series generated by the system to learn anomalous patterns, and carry out accurate and timely anomaly detection for timely discovery of anomalous conditions and early alerting. And edge computing has been widely used in the processing of Internet of Things (IoT) data. The key challenge of univariate time series anomaly detection is how to model complex nonlinear time dependence. However, most of the previous works only model the short-term time dependence, without considering the periodic long-term time dependence. Therefore, we propose a new Hierarchical Attention Network (HAN), which introduces seven day-level attention networks to capture fine-grained short-term time dependence, and uses a week-level attention network to model the periodic long-term time dependence. Then we combine the day-level feature learned by day-level attention network and week-level feature learned by week-level attention network to obtain the high-level time feature, according to which we can calculate the anomaly probability and further detect the anomaly. Extensive experiments on a public anomaly detection dataset, and deployment in a real-world medium and low voltage distribution system show the superiority of our proposed framework over state-of-the-arts.

关键词： edge computing anomaly detection univariate time series self-attention

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Synthetic auxotrophs accelerate cell factory development through growth-coupled models

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第9期18卷 73-87页

作者： Liangpo Li Linwei Yu Xinxiao sun Qipeng Yuan Xiaolin Shen {1. Wang State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

The engineering of microbial cell factories for the production of high-value chemicals from renewable resources presents several challenges,including the optimization of key enzymes,pathway fluxes and metabolic *** these challenges involves the development of synthetic auxotrophs,a strategy that links cell growth with enzyme properties or biosynthetic *** linkage allows for the improvement of enzyme properties by in vivo directed enzyme evolution,the enhancement of metabolic pathway fluxes under growth pressure,and remodeling of metabolic networks through directed strain *** advantage of employing synthetic auxotrophs lies in the power of growth-coupled selection,which is not only high-throughput but also labor-saving,greatly simplifying the development of both strains and *** auxotrophs play a pivotal role in advancing microbial cell factories,offering benefits from enzyme optimization to the manipulation of metabolic networks within single ***,this strategy extends to coculture systems,enabling collaboration within microbial *** review highlights the recently developed applications of synthetic auxotrophs as microbial cell factories,and discusses future perspectives,aiming to provide a practical guide for growth-coupled models to produce value-added chemicals as part of a sustainable biorefinery.

关键词： synthetic auxotrophs growth-coupled directed enzyme evolution pathway flux directed strain evolution coculture

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Si/TiO_(2) carbon fiber core encapsulated in hierarchical multiple MXene@Co-MoS_(2) shells for constructing a free-standing anode of lithium storage

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Rare Metals 2024年第9期43卷 4222-4233页

作者： Xian-ping Du Ying Huang jia-ming Wang Zhen-he Feng Xu {1. MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources Shanghai 200245China Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University Ningbo 315103China

Silicon-based(Si-based) materials offer more possibilities for generating new portable electronic devices due to their high specific capacities. However, their inferior electrical conductivity and volume expansion during cycling seriously limit their development. The optimum solution is to select specific materials to establish an exceptionally conductive and volume buffer structure,which can assist Si materials in developing their excellent lithium storage properties. In this study, Si particles were confined in TiO_(2)carbon fibers(TiO_(2)CFs) via electrospinning, after which they were encapsulated with MXene and Co-MoS_(2)(CMS) nanosheets to fabricate hierarchical ST-2@MXene@CMS films. TiO_(2)CF, MXene and CMS were employed to establish a coherent conductive network with one-, two-and three-dimensional electronic pathways to permit the unimpeded flow of electrons inside the electrode material. TiO_(2)CF, MXene and CMS acted precisely as multilayered buffers to ameliorate the volume change of Si particles during cycling. In addition, the CMS nanosheets were involved in lithium storage, contributing to the final electrochemical performance. Ultimately, the ST-2@MXene@CMS films served as free-standing electrodes, avoiding the impact of inactive interfaces on the electrochemical performance and fulfilling the lightweight requirement for new energy storage devices.

关键词： Si particles MXene Co-MoS_(2)nanosheets Hierarchical structure Lithium-ion batteries

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Special Unipotent Representations of Simple Linear Lie Groups of Type A

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第3期40卷 707-716页

作者： Dan BARBASCH jia Jun MA Bin Yong {1. Chen Bo ZHU Department of Mathematics Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA School of Mathematical Sciences Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005P.R.China Department of Mathematics Xiamen University Malaysia CampusSepangSelangor Darul Ehsan43900Malaysia Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics&New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058P.R.China Department of Mathematics National University of Singapore10 Lower Kent Ridge RoadSingapore 119076

Let G be a special linear group over the real,the complex or the quaternion,or a special unitary *** this note,we determine all special unipotent representations of G in the sense of Arthur and Barbasch-Vogan,and show... 详细信息

关键词： Special unipotent representations unitary representations coherent continuation Weyl group representations

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Effects of serum inflammatory factors,health index and disease activity scores on ankylosing spondylitis patients with sleep disorder

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第6期14卷 866-875页

作者： Hui Wang jia-Ying {1. Yue Zhang Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001Heilongjiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Patients with ankylosing spondylitis(AS)frequently suffer from comorbid sleep disorders,exacerbating the burden of the disease and affecting their quality of *** To investigate the clinical significance of serum inflammatory factors,health index and disease activity scores in patients with AS complicated by sleep *** A total of 1.6 AS patients with comorbid sleep disorders were included in the *** patients were grouped into the desirable and undesirable prognosis groups in accordance with their clinical *** serum levels of inflammatory factors,including C-reactive protein,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,interleukin(IL)-6,tumour necrosis factor-αand IL-1.,were *** activity scores,such as the Bath AS functional index,Bath AS disease activity index,Bath AS metrology index and AS disease activity score,were *** health index was obtained through the Short Form-36 *** The study found significant associations amongst serum inflammatory factors,health index and disease activity scores in AS patients with comorbid sleep *** correlations were found between serum inflammatory factors and disease activity scores,indicating the influence of heightened systemic inflammation on disease severity and functional ***,negative correlations were found between disease activity scores and health index parameters,highlighting the effect of disease activity on various aspects of healthrelated quality of *** regression analysis further confirmed the predictive value of these factors on patient outcomes,underscoring their potential utility in risk assessment and *** The findings demonstrate the intricate interplay amongst disease activity,systemic inflammation and patientreported health outcomes in AS patients complicated by sleep *** results emphasise the need for comprehensive care strategies that address the diverse needs and challe

关键词： Inflammatory factors Disease activity scores Health index Ankylosing spondylitis Sleep disorders

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