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Masking“My Face,”Unmasking“My Soul”:Bert Williams’s Double Consciousness,Carnivalesque Inversion,and Nobodiness

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Journal of Foreign Languages and Cultures 2022年第2期6卷 99-108页

作者： Jia Zhang University of Massachusetts Amherst

Known as the representative figure of black minstrelsy.Bert Williams’s revolutionary-success on Broadway and in the Zicgfeld Follies created a landmark opportunity for black voices to be heard in high-profile setting in a white world.The performance most notably preferred by his white audiences was Williams’s minstrel song“Nobody,”which from Williams’s perspective was also an irreplaceable piece.Visually echoing his minstrel song,Williams’s cakewalk performance success in the 1890s laid the basis for the song’s popularity.Both the song and Williams’s camivalesquc performance blurred the color line and transcended black minstrel stereotypes by taking African Americans’voices in the Jim Crow and lynching eras into serious consideration.However,though black minstrelsy has been largely misunderstood as exclusively racial stereotypes,what Bakhtin describes as the permeating camivalesquc inversion in black minstrel performance helps sharpen and clarify the double consciousness ideology between the burnt cork blackened face mask and the soul of black minstrel performers.

关键词： Bert Williams black minstrelsy "Nobody "double consciousness camivalesque inversion

Planted forest is catching up with natural forest in China in terms of carbon density and carbon storage

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Fundamental Research 2022年第5期2卷 688-696页

作者： Boyi Liang jia Wang Zheyuan zhang Jia Zhang Junping zhang Elizabeth L.Cressey Zong Wang College of Forestry Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Precision Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Mapping and 3S Technology Center Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Geography College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX44RJUK

Over the last several decades,China has taken multiple measures for afforestation and natural forest protection,including setting the goal of carbon neutrality by the middle of 21th century.In order to support the practice of relevant policies from the scientific perspective,it is essential to precisely estimate the carbon storage of arbor forest,as it plays an important role in the carbon cycle of ecosystems.In this study,we first used the latest four phases of national forest inventory data to investigate the variation of carbon storage for both natural and planted arbor forest in China during the covered period(1999-2018).Then we used machine leaning methods to simulate the carbon density based on various kinds of environmental factors and analyzed the contribution of each influencing factor.Our results demonstrate that the total carbon storage for arbor forest in China kept increasing over the last two decades,but this increment was mainly brought about by the continuous expansion of forest land.The gap of carbon sequestration between natural forest and planted forest showed a significant trend of reduction.Additionally,tree age was identified as the dominant factor for influencing the spatiotemporal variation of carbon density among all the independent variables while the impact of climatic factor was limited.Therefore,the future improvement of carbon sequestration of arbor forest in should mainly rely on additional projects of afforestation,reforestation,green space conservation and reduction of emissions in China.Conclusions of this study have important implications for policy makers and other stakeholders to evaluate the previous achievement of environmental projects and can also help to set future plans and finally realize the goals of carbon neutrality.

关键词： National forestry inventory Forest stand volume Carbon storage Carbon density Machine learning

Improving inherent soil productivity underpins agricultural sustainability

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Pedosphere 2023年第1期33卷 3-5页

作者： jia Bao zhang State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China)

There is now increasing attention to how to raise global food production and security due to the expanding population worldwide.Stable and high yield of crops depends on soil quality improvement,which relies on inherent soil productivity increase.Improvement in inherent soil productivity can provide a range of benefits for soil structure,microorganisms,nutrient cycling,and carbon sequestration.The underlying mechanisms related to inherent soil productivity improvement under different agricultural management practices on large scales need to be further clarified.Therefore,to achieve agricultural sustainability,efforts need to focus on developing technologies related to straw return,tillage management,and cover cropping and understanding their relationships with inherent soil productivity improvement.

关键词： soil crops return

Alginate-gelatin emulsion droplets for encapsulation of vitamin A by 3D printed microfluidics

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Particuology 2022年第5期20卷 164-170页

作者： Jia Zhang Ruotong zhang Yage zhang Yi Pan Ho Cheung Shum Zhuo jiang College of Food Science South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

Microfluidics is characterized by the manipulation of fluids in submillimeter channels and has great application potential in encapsulation.To further extend the application of microfluidics in food industries,a 3D printed microfluidic device is used to encapsulate vitamin A and improve its stability.Two natural macromolecules,sodium alginate and gelatin,are added to water as the continuous phase to generate monodisperse emulsion.Under different flow rate ratios,the diameter of droplets decreases with the increase of continuous flow rate.However,at the same flow rate ratio,varying the dispersed and continuous flow rates does not significantly change the diameter and size distribution of emulsion collected.The prepared O/W(oil/water)single emulsion can form microgel particles and avoid degradation of vitamin A by simulated gastric acid;the encapsulated vitamin A will not be released until particles reach simulated intestinal tract.In the simulated digestion in vitro,no vitamin A is released for 2 h in the acidic environment;under an alkaline or neutral environment such as those in intestinal fluids,vitamin A can be released from the microgel particles within 2.5 h.Using the presented approach,emulsions encapsulating vitamin A have been prepared and can potentially be applied to encapsulate other oil-soluble substances in the food industry.

关键词： Microfluidics 3D printed Vitamin A Alginate Gelatin

Rational design of bimetallic catalysts for electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction:A review

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Science China Chemistry 2023年第5期66卷 1288-1317页

作者： Minhan Li jia-Nan zhang College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

The electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR)is a compelling approach to convert CO_(2)into high-value fuels and chemicals using renewable energies.The rational design of catalysts is of great importance for achieving outstanding performance of this process.Metal-based catalysts have been drawing enormous attention in eCO_(2)RR due to their excellent catalytic performance and flexible selectivity.In the pursuit of overcoming the inherent disadvantages of monometallic catalysts and achieving breakthroughs in the catalytic performance,bimetallic strategy has been receiving extensive concerns and achieving remarkable results over decades.In this review,we attempt to give a comprehensive review on the bimetallic catalysts that are used for eCO_(2)RR.The effects in bimetallic catalysts that contribute to the enhanced eCO_(2)RR performance are first analyzed,demonstrating the superiority of bimetallic strategy.Then,the structural design of bimetallic catalysts is discussed as it plays a key role in eCO_(2)RR.Finally,the current advances and rules of selectivity of bimetallic catalysts in eCO_(2)RR are summarized based on the selectivity behaviors.By reviewing efforts devoted in this field,this review is believed to present a timely overview of the progress of bimetallic eCO_(2)RR catalysts and to offer potential future directions in the aim of developing highly efficient catalysts for eCO_(2)RR.

关键词： electrochemical CO_(2)reduction bimetallic catalyst electronic effect tandem effect structural design

Design Strategies for Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries with High Zinc Utilization: From Metal Anodes to Anode-Free Structures

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第4期16卷 305-349页

作者： Xianfu zhang Long zhang Xinyuan jia Wen Song Yongchang Liu School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing30 College RoadBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Institute for Advanced Materials and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and MaterialsUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China

Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage due to the excellent safety, environmental friendliness, natural abundance, high theoretical specific capacity, and low redox potential of zinc(Zn) metal. However,several issues such as dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and passivation of Zn metal anodes cause irreversible loss of the active materials. To solve these issues, researchers often use large amounts of excess Zn to ensure a continuous supply of active materials for Zn anodes. This leads to the ultralow utilization of Zn anodes and squanders the high energy density of AZMBs. Herein, the design strategies for AZMBs with high Zn utilization are discussed in depth, from utilizing thinner Zn foils to constructing anode-free structures with theoretical Zn utilization of 100%, which provides comprehensive guidelines for further research. Representative methods for calculating the depth of discharge of Zn anodes with different structures are first summarized. The reasonable modification strategies of Zn foil anodes, current collectors with pre-deposited Zn, and anode-free aqueous Zn metal batteries(AF-AZMBs) to improve Zn utilization are then detailed. In particular, the working mechanism of AF-AZMBs is systematically introduced. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for constructing high-utilization Zn anodes are presented.

关键词： Aqueous zinc metal batteries Zinc anodes High zinc utilization Depth of discharge Anode-free structures

Elevated level of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I as a predictor of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

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Chinese Medical Journal 2023年第18期136卷 2195-2202页

作者： Hongyu Hu Jingjin Li Xin Wei Jia Zhang jiayu Wang Department of Cardiovascular Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100070China Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100070China Department of Neurocardiology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100070China

Background:The relationship between the elevation of cardiac troponin and the increase of mortality and hospitalization rate in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is clear.This study investigated the association between the extent of elevated levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I(hs-cTnI)and the prognosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients.Methods:A retrospective cohort study consecutively enrolled 470 patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction from September 2014 to August 2017.According to the level of hs-cTnI,the patients were divided into the elevated level group(hs-cTnI>0.034 ng/mL in male and hs-cTnI>0.016 ng/mL in female)and the normal level group.All of the patients were followed up once every 6 months.Adverse cardiovascular events were cardiogenic death and heart failure hospitalization.Results:The mean follow-up period was 36.2±7.9 months.Cardiogenic mortality(18.6%[26/140]vs.1.5%[5/330],P<0.001)and heart failure(HF)hospitalization rate(74.3%[104/140]vs.43.6%[144/330],P<0.001)were significantly higher in the elevated level group.The Cox regression analysis showed that the elevated level of hs-cTnI was a predictor of cardiogenic death(hazard ratio[HR]:5.578,95%confidence interval[CI]:2.995-10.386,P<0.001)and HF hospitalization(HR:3.254,95%CI:2.698-3.923,P<0.001).The receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated that a sensitivity of 72.6%and specificity of 88.8%for correct prediction of adverse cardiovascular events when a level of hs-cTnI of 0.1305 ng/mL in male and a sensitivity of 70.6%and specificity of 90.2%when a level of hs-cTnI of 0.0755 ng/mL in female were used as the cut-off value.Conclusion:Significant elevation of hs-cTnI(≥0.1305 ng/mL in male and≥0.0755 ng/mL in female)is an effective indicator of the increased risk of cardiogenic death and HF hospitalization in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients.

关键词： Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I Cardiogenic mortality Heart failure hospitalization

Neoantigens in precision cancer immunotherapy:from identification to clinical applications

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第11期135卷 1285-1298页

作者： Qiao zhang Qingzhu jia Jing zhang Bo Zhu Institute of Cancer Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing 400037China Department of Hematology and Oncology The 988th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLAKaifengHenan 475003China Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Engineering MedicineSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing 100083China.

Immunotherapies targeting cancer neoantigens are safe,effective,and precise.Neoantigens can be identified mainly by genomic techniques such as next-generation sequencing and high-throughput single-cell sequencing;proteomic techniques such as mass spectrometry;and bioinformatics tools based on high-throughput sequencing data,mass spectrometry data,and biological databases.Neoantigen-related therapies are widely used in clinical practice and include neoantigen vaccines,neoantigen-specific CD8+and CD4+T cells,and neoantigen-pulsed dendritic cells.In addition,neoantigens can be used as biomarkers to assess immunotherapy response,resistance,and prognosis.Therapies based on neoantigens are an important and promising branch of cancer immunotherapy.Unremitting efforts are needed to unravel the comprehensive role of neoantigens in anti-tumor immunity and to extend their clinical application.This review aimed to summarize the progress in neoantigen research and to discuss its opportunities and challenges in precision cancer immunotherapy.

关键词： Precision cancer immunotherapy Neoantigen Anti-tumor immunity T cells Vaccination

Shear-induced Precursors of Fibrillar Crystals of Poly(butene-1):A Rheological Study

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2022年第6期40卷 618-623页

作者： jia-Qi zhang Quan Chen State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China

Strong preshear flow stretches poly(butene-1)chains to form flow-induced precursors of fibrillar crystals.The formation leads to further growth of shear/normal stress after the stress reaches the steady state.In this study,stress relaxation measurements are performed after intervals of a strong flow during which the precursors form.The small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)and wide-angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD)measurements are conducted to characterize the crystalline structure formed after the preshear and relaxation processes,each of different periods.A combination of the stress relaxation and scattering results reveal that for the precursors formed within 5 s,the stress can fully relax and the orientation of the subsequent crystals(formed upon quenching the sample at different stress levels)decays gradually with the relaxation.In comparison,for those precursors formed after 5 s,the stress hardly relaxes during~10^(4) s,and the orientation of the subsequent crystals hardly decays,suggesting that the precursors have been somehow stabilized during the shear.These features have been discussed with respect to the percolation of the precursors to form a reversible network.

关键词： PB-1 Rheology Precursor Fibrillar crystal