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Free radicals trigger the closure of open pores in lignin-derived hard carbons toward improved sodium-storage capacity

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 551-559页

作者： Wen-Jun ji Zong-Lin Yi Ming-Xin Song Xiao-Qian Guo Yi-Lin Wang Yi-Xuan Mao Fang-Yuan su jing-Peng Chen Xian-Xian Wei Li-jing Xie Cheng-Meng Chen CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials Institute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesTaiyuan 030001ShanxiChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Environment and Safety Taiyuan University of Science and TechnologyTaiyuan 030001ShanxiChina

The chemical activation of various precursors is effective for creating additional closed pores in hard carbons for sodium ***,the formation mechanism of closed pores under the influence of pore-forming agents is not well ***,an effective chemical activation followed by a high-temperature self-healing strategy is employed to generate interconnected closed pores in lignin-derived hard carbon(HCs).By systematic experimental design combined with electron paramagnetic res-onance spectroscopy,it can be found that the content of free radicals in the carbon matrix influences the closure of open pores at high *** high activation temperature(>700 C)leads to a low free radical concentration,making it difficult to achieve self-healing of open pores at high *** activation at 700°C,a balance between pore making and self-healing is achieved in the final hard carbon.A large number of free radicals triggers rapid growth and aggregation of carbon microcrys-tals,blocking pre-formed open micropores and creating additional interconnected closed pores in as-obtained hard *** a result,the optimized carbon anode(LK-700-1300)delivers a high reversible capacity of 330.8 mA h g^(-1) at 0.03 A g^(-1),which is an increase of 86 mA h g^(-1) compared to the pristine lignin-derived carbon anode(L-700-1300),and exhibits a good rate performance(202.1 mA h g^(-1) at 1 A g^(-1)).This work provides a universal and effective guidance for tuning closed pores of hard carbons from otherprecursors.

关键词： Hard carbon Chemical activation Free radical Self-healing Closed pores Sodium ion batteries

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轻骨料水泥基多功能吸波材料的制备及有限元分析

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材料导报 2024年第5期38卷 84-90页

作者：吴子豪苏荣华马超解帅冀志江王英翔王静中国建筑材料科学研究总院绿色建筑材料国家重点实验室北京100024 武汉理工大学材料科学与工程学院武汉430070 军事科学院国防工程研究院北京100850

为分析轻骨料种类及粒径对吸波材料性能的影响,采用五种从微米级至毫米级粒径的轻骨料制备了轻质水泥基吸波材料,测试其电磁参数和反射损耗(RL),采用有限元分析方法构建了二维截面模型,模拟吸波材料内部电磁场分布情况,并测试了吸波材... 详细信息

为分析轻骨料种类及粒径对吸波材料性能的影响,采用五种从微米级至毫米级粒径的轻骨料制备了轻质水泥基吸波材料,测试其电磁参数和反射损耗(RL),采用有限元分析方法构建了二维截面模型,模拟吸波材料内部电磁场分布情况,并测试了吸波材料的力学性能和导热系数。结果表明,增加轻骨料掺量和增大粒径可改善水泥基材料的阻抗匹配性能,提升平均RL,拓宽有效吸波频宽,吸收峰向高频移动。20 mm厚度时,吸波材料在低频1.2 GHz处最优RL为-29.1 dB,在较高频5.9 GHz处最优RL为-20.9 dB,有效吸波频宽最宽可达14.49 GHz。有限元模拟结果表明,轻骨料可改变电磁波传输方向,增加电磁波损耗途径,相邻骨料之间可产生较强损耗,其次是在骨料内部产生损耗,这为骨料种类、粒径选择与轻质吸波材料设计提供理论基础。增大轻骨料粒径会降低吸波材料的密度、力学强度与导热系数,使其吸波效能更好,保温效果更优。

关键词：骨料粒径吸波材料反射损耗有限元分析力学性能导热系数

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Non-contact wide-field viewing system-assisted scleral buckling surgery for retinal detachment in silicone oilfilled eyes

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第4期17卷 761-766页

作者： su-Lan Wu Yi-Qi Chen Li-Jun Shen jian-Bo Mao Li Lin ji-Wei Tao Huan Chen Shi-An Zhang jia-Feng Yu Chen-Xi Wang Center for Rehabilitation Medicine Department of OphthalmologyZhejiang Provincial People’s HospitalAffiliated People’s HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310000Zhejiang ProvinceChina The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University in Hangzhou Hangzhou 310000Zhejiang ProvinceChina

AIM:To evaluate scleral buckling(SB)surgery using a noncontact wide-field viewing system and 23-gauge intraocular illumination for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in silicone oil(SO)-filled ***:Totally 9 patients(9 eyes)with retinal detachment in SO-filled eyes were retrospectively *** patients underwent non-contact wide-field viewing system-assisted buckling surgery with 23-gauge intraocular *** was removed at an appropriate time based on *** patients were followed up for at least 3mo after SO *** reattachment,complications,visual acuity and intraocular pressure(IOP)before and after surgery were ***:Patients were followed up for a mean of 8.22mo(3-22mo)after SO *** patients had retinal *** the final follow-up,visual acuity showed improvement for 8 patients,and no change for 1 *** IOP was high in 3 patients before surgery,but it stabilized after treatment;it was not affected in the other *** of the patients had infections,hemorrhage,anterior ischemia,or any other ***:This new non-contact wide-field viewing system-assisted SB surgery with 23-gauge intraocular illumination is effective and safe for retinal detachment in SO-filled eyes.

关键词： non-contact wide-field viewing system scleral buckling silicone oil-filled retinal detachment

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Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Modules Enabled by Solid-Liquid Two-Step Film Formation

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第9期16卷 571-582页

作者： Juan Zhang Xiaofei ji Xiaoting Wang Liujiang Zhang Leyu Bi Zhenhuang su Xingyu Gao Wenjun Zhang Lei Shi Guoqing Guan Abuliti Abudula Xiaogang Hao Liyou Yang Qiang Fu Alex K.‑Y.Jen Linfeng Lu Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University3‑BunkyochoHirosaki 036‑8561Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Department of ChemistryHong Kong Institute for Clean EnergyCity University of Hong Kong KowloonHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China The Interdisciplinary Research Center Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210People’s Republic of China Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) Zhangjiang LabShanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201204People’s Republic of China jiNNENG Clean Energy Technology Ltd. Jinzhong 030300ShanxiPeople’s Republic of China Hangzhou Zhongneng Photoelectricity Technology Co. Ltd.Hangzhou 310018People’s Republic of China College of Chemical Engineering and Technology Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024People’s Republic of China Institute of Regional Innovation Hirosaki University3‑BunkyochoHirosaki 036‑8561Japan

A considerable efficiency gap exists between large-area perovskite solar modules and small-area perovskite solar *** control of forming uniform and large-area film and perovskite crystallization is still the main obstacle restricting the efficiency of *** this work,we adopted a solid-liquid two-step film formation technique,which involved the evaporation of a lead iodide film and blade coating of an organic ammonium halide solution to prepare perovskite *** method possesses the advantages of integrating vapor deposition and solution methods,which could apply to substrates with different roughness and avoid using toxic solvents to achieve a more uniform,large-area perovskite ***,modification of the NiO_(x)/perovskite buried interface and introduction of Urea additives were utilized to reduce interface recombination and regulate perovskite *** a result,a large-area perovskite film possessing larger grains,fewer pinholes,and reduced defects could be *** inverted PSM with an active area of 61.56 cm^(2)(10×10 cm^(2)substrate)achieved a champion power conversion efficiency of 20.56%and significantly improved *** method suggests an innovative approach to resolving the uniformity issue associated with large-area film fabrication.

关键词： Inverted perovskite solar cells Perovskite solar modules Two-step film formation Crystallization Defect passivation

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Ambient formaldehyde concentrations in summer in 30 Chinese cities and impacts on air cleaning of built environment

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Energy and Built Environment 2024年第4期5卷 493-499页

作者： Shuolin Qiu Zirui He Guangdong Liu Zhen Ding Zhongming Bu jianping Cao Wenjing ji Wei Liu Chunxiao su Xinke Wang Fan Liu Ting Li Hua Qian Cong Liu School of Energy and Environment Southeast UniversityNanjingJiangsu210096China China Green Development Investment Group Co.LTD Beijing100000China Department of Environmental Health Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjingJiangsu210009China Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering Zhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhouZhejiang310023China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510006China School of Civil and Resource Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Institute for Health and Environment Chongqing University of Science and TechnologyChongqing401331China School of Environment and Architecture University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049ShaanxiChina Tsinghua University Beijing100084China

Formaldehyde is an important carcinogen commonly found *** indoor sources have been intensively *** study on outdoor formaldehyde concentration,which is potentially an important source to indoors,remains *** study attempts to characterize temporal and spatial distribution of the atmospheric formalde-hyde concentration in Chinese *** variation of ambient formaldehyde was examined in 6 cities and peak hours were identified between 12:00 pm and 3:00 ***,outdoor formaldehyde concentrations were measured in the peak hours in 30 cities during the summer months of Jul.-Aug.,*** formaldehyde concentrations in the peak hours fell into a range of 0.005-0.087 mg/m^(3)(median value is 0.027 mg/m^(3)),87.7%of which have exceeded the chronic reference exposure criteria of 0.009 mg/m^(3) set by Office of Environmental Health Hazard *** risk analysis suggests that exposure to ambient formaldehyde could cause a median carcinogenic risk of 1.9×10^(−5)(3.17×10^(−6)-6.13×10^(−5)),higher than threshold limit of 10−*** correlation analysis of the 30 cities shows that ambient summertime atmospheric formaldehyde concentrations of the city are positively correlated with its Gross Domestic Product(r=0.48).We also found that the outdoor formaldehyde concentrations in urban areas(median:0.017 mg/m^(3))is slightly higher than those in suburban areas(median:0.013 mg/m^(3)).Results here prove that outdoor formaldehyde is ubiquitous in Chinese cities and reduces effectiveness of ventilation in dilution indoor *** it would underestimate air cleaner capacity needed by a factor of about *** should be accounted for in health analysis and air quality engineering control design of built environment in the future.

关键词： Atmospheric formaldehyde Temporal distribution Health risk Ventilation efficiency

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金属网格-透明导电氧化物复合型透明电极的瑞利分析和仿真

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物理学报 2024年第14期73卷 201-213页

作者：丁怡洋邹帅孙华苏晓东苏州大学物理科学与技术学院江苏省薄膜材料重点实验室苏州215006 江苏省先进负碳技术重点实验室苏州215123

以氧化铟锡(indium tin oxide,ITO)为代表的透明导电氧化物(transparent conducting oxide,TCO)在当前光电器件中的重要性日益增长.通过在TCO中引入金属网格构成复合电极,可以在保持良好透明性的前提下有效提升电学性能,同时降低对铟的... 详细信息

以氧化铟锡(indium tin oxide,ITO)为代表的透明导电氧化物(transparent conducting oxide,TCO)在当前光电器件中的重要性日益增长.通过在TCO中引入金属网格构成复合电极,可以在保持良好透明性的前提下有效提升电学性能,同时降低对铟的需求量,并为可穿戴设备所需的柔性电极提供可能方案.对此类电极的电学性能分析,如复合电极方阻随金属网格结构参数的变化,可为电极设计与制备提供基本的出发点,但相关理论尚十分缺乏.本文针对典型的方孔方格型金属网格-TCO复合电极,分别展开基于瑞利模型和基于有限元仿真的电学性能分析.结果表明,孔型近似导致的金属通道显著畸变是复合电极的电学计算中瑞利模型在中高开口率下失效的主要原因.据此,我们采用格型修正,通过提升瑞利模型中的原胞外边界对称性来改善金属通道的畸变.与电极仿真的对比表明,修正后瑞利模型的适用范围明显扩大,其结果可与实验数据很好地拟合,为此类复合透明电极的电学数据分析与结构设计提供了简洁高效的理论工具.

关键词：透明导电体金属网格电极复合介质有限元仿真

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Thiol Ligand-Modified Au for Highly Efficient Electroreduction of Nitrate to Ammonia

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Precision Chemistry 2024年第3期2卷 112-119页

作者： Yuheng Wu Xiangdong Kong Yechao su jiankang Zhao Yiling Ma Tongzheng ji Di Wu Junyang Meng Yan Liu Zhigang Geng jie Zeng Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics of Chinese Academy of SciencesKey Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesDepartment of Chemical PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui 230026P.R.China School of Chemistry&Chemical Engineering Anhui University of TechnologyMa’anshanAnhui 243002P.R.China

Electroreduction of nitrate(NO_(3)-)to ammonia(NH_(3))is an environmentally friendly route for NH_(3)production,serving as an appealing alternative to the Haber-Bosch ***,various noble metal-based electrocatalysts have been reported for electroreduction of NO_(3)-.However,the application of pure metal electrocatalysts is still limited by unsatisfactory performance,owing to the weak adsorption of nitrogen-containing intermediates on the surface of pure metal *** this work,we report thiol ligand-modified Au nanoparticles as the effective electrocatalysts toward electroreduction of NO_(3)-.Specifically,three mercaptobenzoic acid(MBA)isomers,thiosalicylic acid(ortho-MBA),3-mercaptobenzoic acid(meta-MBA),and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid(para-MBA),were employed to modify the surface of the Au *** the NO_(3)-electroreduction,para-MBA modified Au(denoted as para-Au/C)displayed the highest catalytic activity among these Au-based ***-1.0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(vs RHE),para-Au/C exhibited a partial current density for NH_(3)of 472.2 mA cm^(-2),which was 1.7 times that of the pristine Au ***,the Faradaic efficiency(FE)for NH_(3)reached 98.7%at-1.0 V vs RHE for para-Au/*** modification of para-MBA significantly improved the intrinsic activity of the Au/C catalyst,thus accelerating the kinetics of NO_(3)-reduction and giving rise to a high NH_(3)yield rate of para-Au/C.

关键词： Ammonia synthesis NO_(3)-electroreduction Au nanoparticles thiol ligand modification electronic structure

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中国存款保险费率体系

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上海经济研究 2024年第2期 111-128页

作者：苏育洲姚帅吴思斌周镕基澳门科技大学商学院中国澳门999078 美国得克萨斯大学大河谷分校商学院 78541 衡阳师范学院经济与管理学院 421002

道德风险是中国存款保险制度设计过程面临的核心难题,定价体系是解决道德风险问题的重要途径,但国内现有定价文献对中国现实问题关注不足。设计存款保险费率定价体系要从中国国情出发,重视中国独特的储蓄结构和社会体制现实。本文基于... 详细信息

道德风险是中国存款保险制度设计过程面临的核心难题,定价体系是解决道德风险问题的重要途径,但国内现有定价文献对中国现实问题关注不足。设计存款保险费率定价体系要从中国国情出发,重视中国独特的储蓄结构和社会体制现实。本文基于彭博违约风险模型和彭博估值定价模型设计出一个最新的存款保险定价表,并制定了一个融合量化矩阵体系和综合评价体系的银行评分表。结合定价约束和评分约束,提出一种新的存款保险费率定价体系,综合考虑银行风险承担、政府注资承诺、银行类型差异、信用评级范围、差别费率体系和惩戒机制。为验证新费率体系的合理性,基于累积正确率曲线对生成的差别费率结果进行评估,进一步推算出基金目标规模并进行充裕性测度验证。研究结果显示:新费率体系下国有大型商业银行适用0.005%~0.095%的差别费率区间,全国性商业银行适用0.020%~0.100%的差别费率区间,地区性商业银行适用级距鲜明的0.025%~0.200%的差别费率区间,这种新费率体系能够通过累积正确率曲线评估和基金充裕性验证。本文将弥补中国存款保险差别费率设计的部分理论缺陷,并为存款保险基金管理公司的政策制定提供实证支持。

关键词：存款保险道德风险风险浮动保费定价模型中国特色

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Semi-quantitative analysis of the structural evolution of mesophase pitch-based carbon foams by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy

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新型炭材料（中英文） 2024年第4期39卷 668-680页

作者： LIU Yue CHANG Sheng-kai su Zhan-peng HUANG Zu-jian QIN ji YANG jian-xiao Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology College of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082China

Graphitized carbon foams(GFms)were prepared using mesophase pitch(MP)as a raw material by foaming(450℃),pre-oxidation(320℃),carbonization(1000℃)and graphitization(2800℃).The differences in structure and properties of GFms prepared from different MP precursors pretreated by ball milling or liquid phase extraction were investigated and compared,and semi-quantitative calculations were conducted on the Raman and FTIR spectra of samples at each preparation ***-quantitat-ive spectroscopic analysis provided detailed information on the structure and chemical composition changes of the MP and GFm de-rived from *** with microscopic observations,the change from precursor to GFm was *** results showed that ball milling concentrated the distribution of aromatic molecules in the pitch,which contributed to uniform foaming to give a GFm with a uniform pore distribution and good *** phase extraction helped remove light components while retaining large aromatics to form graphitic planes with the largest average size during post-treatment to produce a GFm with the highest degree of graphitization and the fewest open pores,giving the best compression resistance(2.47 MPa),the highest thermal conductivity(64.47 W/(m·K))and the lowest electrical resistance(13.02μΩ·m).Characterization combining semi-quantitative spectroscopic ana-lysis with microscopic observations allowed us to control the preparation of the MP-derived GFms.

关键词： Mesophase pitch Carbon foams Raman FTIR Graphitization

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Multiphase cooperation for multilevel strain accommodation in a single-crystalline BiFeO3 thin film

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第9期33卷 57-66页

作者： Wooseon Choi Bumsu Park Jaejin Hwang Gyeongtak Han Sang-Hyeok Yang Hyeon Jun Lee sung su Lee ji Young Jo Albina Y.Borisevich Hu Young Jeong Sang Ho Oh Jaekwang Lee Young-Min Kim Department of Energy Science Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)Suwon 16419Republic of Korea Samsung Electronics Hwaseong 18448Republic of Korea Department of Physics Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241Republic of Korea LG Energy Solution Daejeon 34122Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Kangwon National UniversityRepublic of Korea School of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology(GIST)Gwangju 61005Republic of Korea Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryTN 37831USA Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology(UNIST)Ulsan 44919Republic of Korea Department of Energy Engineering KENTECH Institute for Energy Materials and DevicesKorea Institute of Energy Technology(KENTECH)Naju 58330Republic of Korea

The functionalities and diverse metastable phases of multiferroic BiFeO3(BFO)thin films depend on the misfit *** mixed phase-induced strain relaxation in multiphase BFO thin films is well known,it is unclear whether a singlecrystalline BFO thin film can accommodate misfit strain without the involvement of its ***,understanding the strain relaxation behavior is key to elucidating the lattice strain–property *** this study,a correlative strain analysis based on dark-field inline electron holography(DIH)and quantitative scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)was performed to reveal the structural mechanism for strain accommodation of a single-crystalline BFO thin *** nanoscale DIH strain analysis results indicated a random combination of multiple strain states that acted as a primary strain relief,forming irregularly strained *** STEM-based bond length measurement of the corresponding strained nanodomains revealed a unique strain accommodation behavior achieved by a statistical combination of multiple modes of distorted structures on the unit-cell *** globally integrated strain for each nanodomain was estimated to be close to􀀀1.5%,irrespective of the nanoscale strain states,which was consistent with the fully strained BFO film on the SrTiO3 *** functional theory calculations suggested that strain accommodation by the combination of metastable phases was energetically favored compared to single-phase-mediated *** discovery allows a comprehensive understanding of strain accommodation behavior in ferroelectric oxide films,such as BFO,with various low-symmetry polymorphs.

关键词： BiFeO_(3) scanning transmission electron microscopy electron holography multiferroic material strain mapping

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