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Contributions of neurotropic human herpesviruses herpes simplex virus 1 and human herpesvirus 6 to neurodegenerative disease pathology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第2期13卷 211-221页

作者： jessica M.Hogestyn David J.Mock Margot Mayer-Proschel Department of Neuroscience University of Rochester Department of Biomedical Genetics University of Rochester

Human herpesviruses （HVs） have developed ingenious mechanisms that enable them to traverse the defenses of the central nervous system （CNS）. The ability of HVs to enter a state of latency, a defining char- acteristic of this viral family, allows them to persist in the human host indefinitely. As such, HVs represent the most frequently detected pathogens in the brain. Under constant immune pressure, these infections are largely asymptomatic in healthy hosts. However, many neurotropic HVs have been directly connected with CNS pathology in the context of other stressors and genetic risk factors. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which neurotropic HVs contribute to neurodegenerative disease （NDD） patholo- gy by highlighting two prominent members of the HV family, herpes simplex virus 1 （HSV-1） and human herpesvirus 6 （HHV-6）. We （i） introduce the infectious pathways and replicative cycles of HSV-1 and HHV-6 and then （ii） review the clinical evidence supporting associations between these viruses and the NDDs Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） and multiple sclerosis （MS）, respectively. We then （iii） highlight and dis- cuss potential mechanisms by which these viruses exert negative effects on neurons and glia. Finally, we （iv） discuss how these viruses could interact with other disease-modifying factors to contribute to the initiation and/or progression of NDDs.

关键词： herpes simplex virus 1 human herpesvirus 6 central nervous system neurodegeneration demyelination Alzheimer's disease multiple sclerosis viral latency viral reactivation

Immuno-oncology combinations： raising the tail of the survival curve

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2016年第2期13卷 171-193页

作者： Samuel J. Harris jessica Brown Juanita Lopez Timothy A. Yap Drug Development Unit Royal Marsden Hospital and The Institute of Cancer Research London SM2 5PT UK Lung Unit Royal Marsden Hospital and The Institute of Cancer Research London SM2 5PT UK

There have been exponential gains in immuno-oncology in recent times through the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Already approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for advanced melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer,immune checkpoint inhibitors also appears to have significant antitumor activity in multiple other tumor types. An exciting component of immunotherapy is the durability of antitumor responses observed, with some patients achieving disease control for many years. Nevertheless, not all patients benefit, and efforts should thus now focus on improving the efficacy of immunotherapy through the use of combination approaches and predictive biomarkers of response and resistance. There are multiple potential rational combinations using an immunotherapy backbone, including existing treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy or molecularly targeted agents, as well as other immunotherapeutics. The aim of such antitumor strategies will be to raise the tail on the survival curve by increasing the number of long term survivors, while managing any additive or synergistic toxicities that may arise with immunotherapy combinations. Rational trial designs based on a clear understanding of tumor biology and drug pharmacology remain paramount. This article reviews the biology underpinning immuno-oncology, discusses existing and novel immunotherapeutic combinations currently in development, the challenges of predictive biomarkers of response and resistance and the impact of immuno-oncology on early phase clinical trial design.

关键词： Combination drug therapy oncology clinical trials PD-1 PD-L1 CTLA4 biomarkers immunotherapy

Functional in vivo assessment of stem cell-secreted pro-oligodendroglial factors

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2194-2196页

作者： jessica Schira-Heinen Iria Samper Agrelo Veronica Estrada Patrick Küry Department of Neurology Neuroregeneration LaboratoryMedical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany

The role of adult neural stem cells(NSCs)in demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system(CNS):Multipotent NSCs hold great potential for cell replacement in diseases and upon injury of the *** from radial glial cells during nervous system development,adult NSCs are localized in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone(SVZ)of the lateral brain ventricles,the main neurogenic zones of the adult *** precursor cells(type 1 cells)exhibiting properties of radial glial cells give rise to granule neurons through distinct intermediate precursor cells,and integrate into the hippocampal circuitry[reviewed by Kempermann et al.(2015)].Likewise,under physiological conditions,neuron generation by mouse SVZ-derived NSCs(also known as type B cells)is the predominant cell fate,which thereby results in large numbers of transient amplifying precursor cells(also known as type C cells)which in turn differentiate into neuroblasts(type A cells).These cells migrate along the rostral migratory stream into the olfactory bulb where they undergo maturation into local *** structure of the rodent SVZ differs from that of the human SVZ since the proliferative capacity is reduced,and migration of neuroblasts is a rare event in adult humans[reviewed by Lim and Alvarez-Buylla(2016)].

关键词： thereby migrate predominant

Bismuth zinc niobate:BZN-BT,a new lead-free BaTiO_(3)-based ferroelectric relaxor?

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Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 2020年第6期10卷 69-80页

作者： jessica Marshall David Walker Pam Thomas Department of Physics University of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventryCV47ALUK

The novel lead-free ferroelectric relaxor system x(Bi(Zn_(2/3) Nb_(1/3))O_(3))(1−x)BaTiO3(xBZN(1−x)BT)has received interest as a high-capacity relaxor dielectric *** quantities(4.0%showed the onset of dielectric relaxation alongside a drop in polarization coincident with a drop in the tetragonal c_(T)/a_(T) ratio and the onset of the cubic phase at 295 *** piezoelectric,dielectric and polarization values occurred over the range 3.8%5.0%,showing a transition from lossy relaxor dielectric to low-loss relaxor dielectric at x>10.0%.

关键词： Relaxors lead-free ferroelectrics crystallography piezoelectrics dielectrics

CONTRALATERAL SUPPRESSION OF DISTORTION PRODUCT OTOACOUSTIC EMISSION IN CHILDREN WITH AUDITORY PROCESSING DISORDERS

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Journal of Otology 2014年第1期9卷 21-26页

作者： jessica Oppee SUN Wei Nancy Stecker Center for Hearing & Deafness Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences State University of New York at Buffalo

Previous research has demonstrated that the amplitude of evoked emissions decreases in human sub-jects when the contralateral ear is stimulated by noise. The medial olivocochlear bundle (MOCB) is be-lieved to control this phenomenon. Recent research has examined this effect in individuals with auditory pro-cessing disorders (APD), specifically with difficulty understanding speech in noise. Results showed tran-sient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were not affected by contralateral stimulation in these sub-jects. Much clinical research has measured the function of the MOCB through *** study will use an alternative technique, distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), to examine this phenomenon and evaluate the function of the MOCB. DPOAEs of individuals in a control group with normal hearing and no significant auditory processing difficulties were compared to the DPOAEs of children with signifi-cant auditory processing *** showed that the suppression effect was observed in the control group at 2 kHz with 3 kHz of narrowband noise. For the auditory processing disorders group, no significant suppression was ***, DPOAEs showed suppression with contralateral noise, while the APD group levels increased *** results provide further evidence that the MOCB may have reduced function in children with APD.

关键词： Auditory processing disorder Otoacoutic emissions Medial olivocochlear bundle

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Grassland Research 2024年第1期3卷 57-68页

作者： Stella Woeltjen jessica Gutknecht Jacob Jungers Department of Soil Water and ClimateUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA

Background:Standing root biomass stocks are larger in the perennial grain intermediate wheatgrass(IWG;Thinopyrum intermedium[Host]Barkworth and Dewey)than annual spring wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).However,previous studies have not separated root growth from root decomposition,which presents a signiﬁcant gap in our understanding of how roots can contribute to soil organic carbon(C)accrual or other soil properties through ***:We used paired sequential coring and root ingrowth cores to measure standing root stock,new root production,root decomposition,and decomposed root C and N from 0 to 15 cm soil depth of 1-year-old IWG(IWG-1),2-year-old IWG(IWG-2),and annual spring ***:Standing root stock was 3.2–6.5 and 6.3–9.9 times higher in IWG-1 and IWG-2 than *** root production was 1.7 times greater in IWG-1 than ***,root decomposition almost doubled from 1.39 to 2.43 kg m-3 between IWG-1 and ***:In IWG,decreased root production and increased root decomposi-tion with stand age suggest a change in growth strategy that could reduce the contribution of root-derived C to stabilized soil C pools as IWG stands age.

关键词： intermediate wheatgrass Kernza perennial grain root decomposition root growth root

Peptide nucleic acid-based targeting of microRNAs:possible therapeutic applications for glioblastoma

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2019年第7期4卷 28-40页

作者： Roberto Gambari jessica Gasparello Alessia Finotti Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology University of FerraraFerrara 44121Italy Interuniversity Consortium for Biotechnology(CIB) Trieste 34149Italy.

A large and incremental number of non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently demonstrated to play a very important role in human pathologies, including cancer. Therefore, microRNAs have been proposed as therapeutic targets and molecules exhibiting anti-miRNA activity or mimicking functional miRNAs have been developed. Among biomolecules proposed in anti-miRNA therapy, peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are appealing, in consideration of their stability and efficacy in recognizing RNA targets. PNAs against tumor associated miRNAs have proven to be efficient in inducing anti-tumor effects both in vitro and in vivo. For instance, PNAs targeting miR-155-5p are able to induce apoptosis in glioma cell lines and to enhance the sensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ) in TMZ resistant glioma cells. In vivo, PNAs anti-miR-21 were found to exhibit anti-tumor effects associated with improved survival when administered to animals with intracranial gliomas.

关键词： Peptide nucleic acids glioma microRNAs miRNA targeting delivery apoptosis temozolomide

Implications of denitrification in the ecological status of an urban river using enzymatic activities in sediments as an indicator

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第1期31卷 255-268页

作者： jessica Unda-Calvo Miren Martínez-Santos Estilita Ruiz-Romera Juan Luis Lechuga-Crespo Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of the Basque Country

A better understanding of the effects of a number of environmental factors on denitrification is vital for analyzing its role as nitrogen sink and providing deeper knowledge about the ecological status of a nitrate-rich ecosystem. Since few studies have addressed the occurrence and implications of denitrification in river sediments, and complexity of interactions among all these environmental factors makes comprehension of the process difficult, the potential of sediments from the Deba River to attenuate nitrate excess through denitrification was investigated. For this purpose, we adapted an in vitro method to measure activities of two enzymes contributing to the entire multiple-step nitrate reduction: Nitrate Reductase and Nitrite Reductase. The environmental features that influence both or single enzymatic activities were identified as oxygen availability,regulated directly by the moisture content or indirectly through the aerobic respiration,organic matter and nitrate content of sediments, and electrical conductivity and exchangeable sodium percentage of water. Additionally, our results showed that Nitrate Reductase catalyzes the principal limiting step of denitrification in sediments. Therefore,taking this enzymatic activity as an indicator, the southern part of the Deba River catchment presented low potential to denitrify but nitrate-limited sediments, whereas the middle and northern parts were characterized by high denitrification potential but nitraterich sediments. In general, this study on denitrifying enzymatic activities in sediments evaluates the suitability of the management of the effluents from wastewater treatment plants and municipal sewages to ensure a good ecological status of the Deba River.

关键词： Urban catchment Sediments Denitrification Enzymatic activity Ecological status

Eating practices during pregnancy:perceptions of select Maasai women in Northern Tanzania

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Global Health Research and Policy 2017年第1期2卷 292-300页

作者： jessica Lennox Pammla Petrucka Sandra Bassendowski Graduate Student College of NursingUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonCanada College of Nursing University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonCanada

Background:Globally,pregnant women are challenged to meet sufficient and necessary dietary intake in order to improve maternal and neonatal *** challenges are amplified in traditional communities,such as the Maasai,where the historical and cultural practices may further curtail,or impact on this dyad’s potential *** research is intended to enhance understanding of Maasai women’s pregnancy and nutrition traditions as well as their ***:Interviews with 12 pregnant Maasai women,all originally from the(Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority NCAA)area and have spent most or all of their adult lives in the NCAA,sought to answer two research questions:how do these women describe their current dietary pattern and what do they believe is the role of nutrition during ***:Interpretive description methodology was used to reveal five themes:(1)Eating less food makes baby come easier,(2)Not producing food means more dependence,(3)Working hard harms my baby,(4)Knowing what is needed for a good pregnancy and(5)Preferring our traditional ways for pregnancy and ***:There is an imperative to address nutrition throughout the perinatal period within the Maasai population and the women recognize how important nutrition is for them and their *** to incorporate cultural values and practices must be embedded in programmes/services to achieve success and *** is important for future prenatal programming with the Maasai in northern Tanzania and other vulnerable groups of pregnant women to build on the women’s knowledge of what leads to good pregnancy outcomes.

关键词： Prenatal care Maternal nutrition Maasai Tanzania Interpretive description Pregnancy