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Circadian rhythms in liver metabolism and disease

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2015年第2期5卷 113-122页

作者： jessica m.ferrell John Y.L.Chiang Department of Integrative medical Sciences Northeast Ohio Medical University

mounting research evidence demonstrates a significant negative impact of circadian disruption on human health. Shift work, chronic jet lag and sleep disturbances are associated with increased incidence of metabolic syndrome, and consequently result in obesity, type 2 diabetes and ***, these associations are reviewed with respect to liver metabolism and disease.

关键词： Circadian rhythm Liver metabolic syndrome Type 2 diabetes

Bile acid receptors and signaling crosstalk in the liver, gut and brain

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Liver Research 2021年第3期5卷 105-118页

作者： jessica m.ferrell John Y.L.Chiang Integrative medical Sciences Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOHUSA

Bile acids are physiological detergents derived from cholesterol that aid in digestion and nutrient ab-sorption,and they play roles in glucose,lipid,and energy metabolism and in gut microbiome and metabolic *** acids mediate crosstalk between the liver and gut through bactericidal modulation of the gut microbiome,while gut microbes influence the composition of the circulating bile acid *** research indicates bile acids may also be important mediators of neurological disease by acting as peripheral signaling molecules that activate bile acid receptors in the blood-brain barrier and in the brain *** review highlights the role of bile acids in maintaining liver and gut microbe homeostasis,as well as their function as mediators of cellular signaling in the liver-gut-brain axis.

关键词： Bile acid metabolism Farnesoid X receptor(FXR) Gut-brain axis microbiome Neurodegenerative disease Takeda G protein-coupled receptor(TGR5)

Up to date on cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) in bile acid synthesis

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Liver Research 2020年第2期4卷 47-63页

作者： John Y.L.Chiang jessica m.ferrell Department of Integrative medical Sciences Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOHUSA

Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase(CYP7A1,EC1.14)is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the classic bile acid synthesis *** progress has been made in understanding the transcriptional regulation of CYP7A1 gene expression and the underlying molecular mechanisms of bile acid feedback regulation of CYP7A1 and bile acid synthesis in the last three *** of bile acid-activated receptors and their roles in the regulation of lipid,glucose and energy metabolism have been translated to the development of bile acid-based drug therapies for the treatment of liver-related metabolic diseases such as alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases,liver cirrhosis,diabetes,obesity and hepatocellular *** review will provide an update on the advances in our understanding of the molecular biology and mechanistic insights of the regulation of CYP7A1 in bile acid synthesis in the last 40 years.

关键词： Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase(CYP7A1) Bile acid metabolism Farnesoid X receptor(FXR) Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5) Bile acid receptors Liver metabolism

Altered serotonin metabolism in Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 knockout mice protects against diet-induced hepatic fibrosis

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Liver Research 2022年第4期6卷 214-226页

作者： jessica m.ferrell matthew Dilts Zachary Stahl Shannon Boehme Sabita Pokhrel Xinwen Wang John Y.L.Chiang Department of Integrative medical Sciences Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOHUSA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOHUSA

Background and aims:Diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome can trigger the progression of fatty liver disease to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis,which is a major public health *** acids regulate metabolic homeostasis and inflammation in the liver and gut via the activation of nuclear farnesoid X receptor(Fxr)and the membrane receptor Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(Tgr5).Tgr5 is highly expressed in the gut and skeletal muscle,and in cholangiocytes and Kupffer cells of the ***5 is implicated in the mediation of liver and gut inflammation,as well as the maintenance of energy ***,we used a high fat,high fructose,and high sucrose(HFS)diet to determine how bile acid signaling through Tgr5 may regulate metabolism during the progression from fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and *** and methods:Female C57BL/6J control wild type(WT)and Tgr5 knockout(Tgr5^(-/-))mice were fed HFS(high fat(40%kcal),high fructose,and 20%sucrose water)diet for 20 *** phe-notypes were characterized through examination of bile acid synthesis pathways,lipid and cholesterol metabolism pathways,and fibrosis and inflammation ***:Tgr5^(-/-)mice were more glucose intolerant when fed HFS diet,despite gaining the same amount of weight as WT ***5^(-/-)mice accumulated significantly more hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides on HFS diet compared to WT mice,and gene expression of lipogenic genes was significantly *** cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase(Cyp7a1)gene expression was consistently elevated in Tgr5^(-/-)mice,while oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase(Cyp7b1),sterol 27-hydroxylase(Cyp27a1),Fxr,and small heterodimer partner(Shp)were downregulated by HFS ***,hepatic inflammation and fibrosis were also significantly reduced in Tgr5^(-/-)mice fed HFS diet,which may be due to altered se-rotonin signaling in the ***:Tgr5^(-/-)mice may be protected from high fat,high sugar-

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) Liver fibrosis Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5) Serotonin(5-HT) High fat,high fructose,and high sucrose (HFS)

Application of DInSAR for short period monitoring of initial subsidence due to longwall mining in the mountain west United States

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International Journal of mining Science and Technology 2020年第1期30卷 33-37页

作者： jessica m.Wempen Department of mining Engineering University of UtahSalt Lake City 84112USA

Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(DInSAR),a satellite-based remote sensing technique,has application for monitoring subsidence with high resolution over short *** uses radar images to measure centimeter-level surface *** the images,ground resolution can be relatively high,with each data point(pixel)representing the average displacement over an area of several square *** image data are acquired regularly which allows subsidence to be monitored sequentially over short periods;imaging periods typically range from weeks to *** subsidence over short periods with high spatial resolution has potential to provide insight into the dynamics of subsidence and into relationships between mine advance and *** this study,for three longwall mines in the western United States,initial subsidence occurring at the start of longwall advance is quantified over short periods(12–72 days).C-band interferometric wide swath Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)images from the Sentinel satellites are used to quantify the ***,the data show initial development of subsidence,expansion of the subsidence trough,and the advance of subsidence in the direction of mining.

关键词： Longwall mining Interferometry Subsidence

Quantifying relationships between subsidence and longwall face advance using DInSAR

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International Journal of mining Science and Technology 2021年第1期31卷 91-94页

作者： Bailey S.Simmons jessica m.Wempen Department of mining Engineering University of UtahUT 84112United States

Surface subsidence that results from longwall mining can be large magnitude and can affect significant *** methods for subsidence monitoring include leveling,global positioning system(GPS),and photogrammetric *** sensing techniques including,aerial LiDAR,terrestrial laser scanning,and satellite-based Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(DInSAR),are also used to measure deformation associated with *** data are different than data from conventional subsidence *** capture data over large areas(hundreds of kilometers),and each pixel(data point)in an image quantifies the average displacement over an area of square *** data can have fairly high time resolution;imaging periods typically range from weeks to *** data can be useful to monitor subsidence sequentially over short *** monitoring subsidence may help define if caving is progressing normally and can establish relationships between surface deformation and longwall face advance,which has potential to help quantify possible risks to mine *** this study,subsidence at a longwall trona mine is monitored over short periods,typically 12 days,as the longwall face is advanced through a panel.C-band interferometric wide swath synthetic aperture radar(SAR)images from the sentinel satellites are used to quantify the *** onset of subsidence occurs close in time to the beginning of the longwall face advance,and overall,the development of subsidence closely follows the longwall face advance.

关键词： DInSAR Subsidence monitoring Longwall Trona

Comparison of L-band and X-band differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar for mine subsidence monitoring in central Utah

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International Journal of mining Science and Technology 2017年第1期27卷 159-163页

作者： jessica m.Wempen michael K.mcCarter Department of mining Engineering University of UtahSalt Lake City 84112USA

Differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar(DIn SAR), a satellite-based remote sensing technique, has potential application for measuring mine subsidence on a regional scale with high spatial and temporal resolutions. However, the characteristics of synthetic aperture radar(SAR) data and the effectiveness of DIn SAR for subsidence monitoring depend on the radar band(wavelength). This study evaluates the effectiveness of DIn SAR for monitoring subsidence due to longwall mining in central Utah using L-band(24 cm wavelength) SAR data from the advanced land observing satellite(ALOS)and X-band(3 cm wavelength) SAR data from the Terra SAR-X mission. In the Wasatch Plateau region of central Utah, which is characterized by steep terrain and variable ground cover conditions, areas affected by longwall mine subsidence are identifiable using both L-band and X-band DIn ***, using L-band data, subsidence magnitudes are measurable. Compared to X-band, L-band data are less affected by signal saturation due to large deformation gradients and by temporal decorrelation due to changes in the surface conditions over time. The L-band data tend to be stable over relatively long periods(months). Short wavelength X-band data are strongly affected by signal saturation and temporal decorrelation, but regions of subsidence are typically identifiable over short periods(days). Additionally,though subsidence magnitudes are difficult to precisely measure in the central Utah region using X-band data, they can often be reasonably estimated.

关键词： mine subsidence DInSAR Terra SAR-X ALOS Interferometry

Some insights into how barnacles survive as sessile organisms

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第4期4卷 395-401页

作者： John S.BUCKERIDGE jessica m.REEVES Earth and Oceanic Systems Research Group RMIT UniversityMelbourneAustralia

During routine chemical analyses of the stalked ibliform barnacle Chaetolepas calcitergum Buckeridge&Newman 2006,peaks of more than 7%(by dry mass)of bromine were *** bromine ions occur in seawater(up to 66 ppm),this level of accumulation,in the soft tissue of the barnacle,is *** concentration of bromine compounds occurs in a number of invertebrates,such as algae and sponges,but this is the first record of elevated bromine in goose *** high accumulation of bromine compound(s)is most likely a defense *** present paper includes a review of the mechanisms deployed by barnacles to repel predators.

关键词： bromine Chaetolepas calcitergum Cirripedia defense mechanisms Ibliformes.

Extrinsic inhibitors in axon sprouting and functional recovery after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第5期9卷 460-461页

作者： jessica m.meves Binhai Zheng Neurosciences Graduate Program Department of Neurosciences University of California San Diego School of Medicine 9500 Gilman DriveMC 0691 La Jolla CA USA

The limited axonal growth after central nervous system （CNS） injury such as spinal cord injury presents a major challenge in promoting repair and recovery. The literature in axonal repair has focused mostly on frank regeneration of injured axons. Here, we argue that sprouting of uninjured axons, an innate repair mech- anism of the CNS, might be more amenable to modulation in order to promote functional repair. Extrinsic inhibitors of axonal growth modulate axon sprouting after injury and may serve as the first group of therapeutic targets to promote functional repair.

关键词： CNS Omgp Extrinsic inhibitors in axon sprouting and functional recovery after spinal cord injury