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DNA recovery and analysis from skeletal material in modern forensic contexts

Forensic Sciences Research 2019年第1期4卷 51-59页

作者： Krista E.Latham jessica j.miller Biology Department Human Identification CenterUniversity of IndianapolisIndianapolisINUSA

The generation of a DNA profile from skeletal remains is an important part of the identifica-tion process in both mass disaster and unidentified person cases. Since bones and teeth are often the only biological materials remaining after exposure to environmental conditions, intense heat, certain traumatic events and in cases where a significant amount of time has passed since the death of the individual, the ability to purify large quantities of informative DNA from these hard tissues would be beneficial. Since sampling the hard tissues for gen-etic analysis is a destructive process, it is important to understand those environmental and intrinsic factors that contribute to DNA preservation. This will serve as a brief introduction to these topics, since skeletal sampling strategies and molecular taphonomy have been dis-cussed in depth elsewhere. Additionally advances in skeletal DNA extraction and analysis will be discussed. Currently there is great variation in the DNA isolation methods used by laboratories to purify DNA from the hard tissues;however, a standardized set of short tan-dem repeat (STR) loci is analyzed by many US laboratories to allow for comparisons across samples and jurisdictions. Recent advances have allowed for the generation of DNA profiles from smaller quantities of template DNA and have expanded the number of loci analyzed for greater discriminatory power and predictions regarding the geographic ancestry and phenotype of the individual. Finally, utilizing databases and expanding the number of com-parison samples will be discussed in light of their role in the identification process.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic anthropology forensic genetics individual identification molecular taphonomy skeletal DNA Extraction DNA profiles DNA databases

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Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System (OSIICS) Version 15

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 599-604页

作者： john W.Orchard Ebonie Rio Kay M.Crossley jessica j.Orchard Margo Mountjoy School of Public Health University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3083Australia Department of Family Medicine McMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8Canada

Background:Sports medicine(injury and illnesses)requires distinct coding systems because the International Classification of Diseases is insuf-ficient for sports medicine *** Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System(OSIICS)is one of two sports medicine coding systems recommended by the International Olympic *** updates of coding systems are ***:For Version 15,updates for mental health conditions in athletes,sports cardiology,concussion sub-types,infectious diseases,and skin and eye conditions were considered particularly ***:Recommended codes were added from a recent International Olympic Committee consensus statement on mental health conditions in *** landmark sports cardiology papers were used to update a more comprehensive list of sports cardiology *** union protocols on head injury assessment were used to create additional concussion ***:It is planned that OSIICS Version 15 will be translated into multiple new languages in a timely fashion to facilitate international *** large number of recently published sport-specific and discipline-specific consensus statements on athlete surveillance warrant regular updating of OSIICS.

关键词： Sports cardiology Dermatology Eye injuries Concussion Infectious diseases Sports injury classification

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HIIT对高脂喂养ApoE敲除鼠骨骼肌氧化应激的影响及肌肉因子BAIBA的保护作用

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北京体育大学学报 2024年第4期47卷 144-156页

作者：王杨文洁 jessica Lavier 花卫成 Gregoire P Millet 张缨北京体育大学运动与体质健康教育部重点实验室北京100084 北京体育大学运动人体科学学院北京100084 瑞士洛桑大学体育科学系瑞士洛桑1015

目的:探讨高强度间歇训练(high-intensity interval training,HIIT)对高脂喂养的载脂蛋白E(ApoE)敲除(Apo^(E-/-))小鼠骨骼肌氧化应激的改善作用以及肌肉因子β-氨基异丁酸(β-aminoisobutyic acid,BAIBA)在其中的可能调节机制。方法:9周龄健康雄性C57BL/6j小鼠和Apo^(E-/-)小鼠分别喂食标准和高脂饲料,其中C57BL/6j小鼠为基线对照组(WT,n=6),Apo^(E-/-)小鼠经高脂饲料喂养12周后随机分为Apo^(E-/-)安静组(Apo^(E-/-),n=10)和Apo^(E-/-)高强度间歇训练组(Apo^(E-/-)HIIT,n=10),Apo^(E-/-)HIIT组进行6周HIIT,WT和Apo^(E-/-)组在笼中自由活动。最后一次运动后48 h取小鼠两侧腿部腓肠肌进行氧化损伤、抗氧化及BAIBA生成相关指标的检测。随后采用L-BAIBA预孵育C2C12细胞,后用过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))诱导氧化应激,结合干预条件随机分为Control、H_(2)O_(2)和L-BAIBA+H_(2)O_(2)组。相差显微镜观察细胞形态,并检测细胞ROS水平和Nrf2介导的抗氧化通路的相关指标。结果:1)与WT组相比,Apo^(E-/-)组小鼠骨骼肌氧化损伤相关的4-HNE修饰蛋白、蛋白质羰基含量和ROS水平显著升高,而抗氧化相关的p-Nrf2蛋白表达和GSH含量显著降低;而与Apo^(E-/-)组相比,Apo^(E-/-)HIIT组小鼠骨骼肌4-HNE修饰蛋白和蛋白质羰基含量明显降低,p-Nrf2蛋白表达和GSH含量明显升高。2)Apo^(E-/-)HIIT组小鼠骨骼肌生成BAIBA的相关酶基因Acads和Hadha mRNA的表达水平显著高于Apo^(E-/-)组。3)与Control组相比,H_(2)O_(2)干预后C2C12细胞明显皱缩,活细胞数量降低,ROS水平显著增加;而与H_(2)O_(2)组相比,L-BAIBA+H_(2)O_(2)组活细胞数量增加,形态较饱满,ROS水平明显降低。4)与Control组相比,H_(2)O_(2)显著降低了细胞Nrf2、p-Nrf2及其介导的抗氧化酶SOD1、NQO1和CAT蛋白以及合成GSH的相关酶基因Gss、Gsr和Gclm mRNA的表达水平,并显著降低了细胞GSH含量;而L-BAIBA+H_(2)O_(2)组较H_(2)O_(2)组则显著增加了p-Nrf2、SOD1和NQO1蛋白以及Gss、Gsr、Gclc和Gclm mRNA的表达量,同时细胞GSH含量也显著增加。结论:6周HIIT降低了高脂喂养的Apo^(E-/-)小鼠骨骼肌的氧化损伤,其中肌肉因子BAIBA对Nrf2介导的抗氧化信号的激活可能起着一定的作用。

关键词： HIIT BAIBA 骨骼肌氧化应激 C2C12细胞

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Psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy:population co-occurrence,genetic correlations and causal effects

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General Psychiatry 2024年第1期37卷 103-111页

作者： Viktor H Ahlqvist Christina Dardani Paul Madley-Dowd Harriet Forbes jessica Rast Caichen Zhong Renee M Gardner Christina Dalman Kristen Lyal cRAIG Newschaffer Torbjorn Tomson Michael Lundberg Daniel Berglind Neil M Davies Brian K Lee Cecilia Magnusson Dheeraj Rai Department of Global Public Health Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK Centre for Academic Mental Health Population Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK A.j.Drexel Autism Institute Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA College of Health and Human Development Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePAUSA Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine Region StockholmStockholmSweden K.G jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology Department of Public Health and NursingNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway Division of Psychiatry University Collge LondonLondonUK Department of Statistical Sciences University Cllge LondonLondonK NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University of BristoBristolUK Avon and Wiltshire Partnership NHS Mental Health TrustBristolUK

Background Psychiatric comorbidities are common in patients with *** for the co-occurrence of psychiatric conditions and epilepsy remain poorly *** We aimed to triangulate the relationship between epilepsy and psychiatric conditions to determine the extent and possible origins of these *** Using nationwide Swedish health registries,we quantified the lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with *** then used summarydata from genome-wide association studies to investigate whether the identified observational associations could be attributed to a shared underlying genetic aetiology using cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score ***,we assessed the potential bidirectional relationships using two-sample Mendelian *** In a cohort of 7628495 individuals,we found that almost half of the 94435 individuals diagnosed with epilepsy were also diagnosed with a psychiatric condition in their lifetime(adjusted lifetime prevalence,44.09%;95%confidence interval(Cl)43.78%to 44.39%).We found evidence for a genetic correlation between epilepsy and some neurodevelopmental and psychiatric *** example,we observed a genetic correlation between epilepsy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(r,=0.18,95%Cl 0.09 to 0.27,p<0.001)—a correlation that was more pronounced in focal epilepsy(r=0.23,95%CI 0.09 to 0.36,p<0.001).Findings from Mendelian randomisation using common genetic variants did not support bidirectional effects between epilepsy and neurodevelopmental or psychiatric *** Psychiatric comorbidities are common in patients with *** correlations may partially explain some comorbidities;however,there is little evidence of a bidirectional relationship between the genetic liability of epilepsy and psychiatric *** findings highlight the need to understand the role of environmental factors or rare genetic variations in the origins of psy

关键词： epilepsy Psychiat lifetime

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Coordination chemistry of surface-associated ligands for solid-liquid adsorption of rare-earth elements

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journal of Rare Earths 2023年第1期41卷 1-18页

作者： jessica L.Hovey Timothy M.Dittrich Matthew j.Allen Department of Chemistry Wayne State University5101 Cass AvenueDetroitMI48202USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 5050 Anthony Wayne DriveWayne State UniversityDetroitMIl48202USA

General guidelines for the design of ligands for the enrichment of rare-earth elements by solid-liquid adsorption are described using coordination *** properties of ligands include selectivity of metal ions based on adjustment of donor atom polarizability,denticity,and the pKarange of the binding *** selectivity of solid-phase materials for the enrichment of rare-earth ions by the ligand design guidelines is outlined,with special consideration of additional variable factors including steric hindrance,saturated binding sites,variability in speciation caused by the identity of counterions and ionic strength,and size-exclusivity in ligands stemming from differences in bite angle,preo rganization of ligands,or intraligand *** review analyzes some principles of selectivity of rare-earth elements with ligands organized by donor type from examples collected from reports published between 2009 and 2021.

关键词： Chelating ligand Coordination chemistry Solid-phase material Rare-earth element Separation Solid-liquid extraction

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Growth and differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell(hiPSC)-derived kidney organoids using fully synthetic peptide hydrogels

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第3期21卷 142-156页

作者： Niall j.Treacy Shane Clerkin jessica L.Davis Ciar´an Kennedy Aline F.miller Alberto Saiani jacek K.Wychowaniec Dermot F.Brougham john Crean Diabetes Complications Research Centre University College Dublin(UCD)Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and BelfieldDublin 4Ireland UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science BelfieldDublin 4Ireland Department of Materials&Manchester Institute of Biotechnology(MIB) School of Natural SciencesFaculty of Science and EngineeringThe University of ManchesterUK UCD School of Chemistry University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland

Human induced pluripotent stem cell(hiPSC)-derived kidney organoids have prospective applications ranging from basic disease modelling to personalised ***,there remains a necessity to refine the bio-physical and biochemical parameters that govern kidney organoid *** within fully-controllable and physiologically relevant 3D growth environments will be critical to improving organoid reproducibility and ***,we matured hiPSC-derived kidney organoids within fully synthetic self-assembling peptide hydrogels(SAPHs)of variable stiffness(storage modulus,G′).The resulting organoids con-tained complex structures comparable to those differentiated within the animal-derived matrix,***-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)was then used to compare organoids matured within SAPHs to those grown within Matrigel or at the air-liquid interface.A total of 13,179 cells were analysed,revealing 14 distinct *** compositional analysis revealed a larger proportion of nephron cell types within Transwell-derived organoids,while SAPH-derived organoids were enriched for stromal-associated cell ***,dif-ferentiation within a higher G’SAPH generated podocytes with more mature gene expression ***-tionally,maturation within a 3D microenvironment significantly reduced the derivation of off-target cell types,which are a known limitation of current kidney organoid *** work demonstrates the utility of syn-thetic peptide-based hydrogels with a defined stiffness,as a minimally complex microenvironment for the selected differentiation of kidney organoids.

关键词： Human kidney organoids Fully synthetic matrices Self-assembling peptide hydrogels Single-cell RNA sequencing

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Analysis of PFAAs in American alligators part 2： Potential dietary exposure of South Carolina hunters from recreationally harvested alligator meat

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第11期29卷 31-38页

作者： jessica j.Tipton Louis j.Guillette jr Susan Lovelace Benjamin B.Parrott Thomas R.Rainwater jessica L.Reiner College of Charleston Charleston SC 29724 USA Medical University of South Carolina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Charleston SC 29425 USA University of Georgia Odum School of Ecology Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Jackson SC 29831 USA Torn Yawkey Wildlife Center & Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science Clemson University P.O. Box 59(5 Georgetown SC 29442 USA National Institute of Standards and Technology Chemical Sciences Division Hollings Marine Laboratory Charleston SC 29412 USA

Exposure to perfluorinated alkyl acids（PFAAs） has been linked to many harmful health effects including reproductive disorders, developmental delays, and altered liver and kidney function. Most human exposure to environmental contaminants, including PFAAs,occurs through consumption of contaminated food or drinking water. This study uses PFAA data from meat samples collected from recreationally harvested American alligators（Alligator mississippiensis） in South Carolina to assess potential dietary exposure of hunters and their families to PFAAs. Consumption patterns were investigated using intercept surveys of 23 hunters at a wild game meat processor. An exposure scenario using the average consumption frequency, portion size, and median perfluorooctane sulfonic acid（PFOS） concentration in alligator meat from all hunt units found the daily dietary exposure to be 2.11 ng/kg body weight per day for an adult human. Dietary PFOS exposure scenarios based on location of harvest suggested the highest daily exposure occurs with alligator meat from the Middle Coastal hunt unit in South Carolina. Although no samples were found to exceed the recommended threshold for no consumption of PFOS found in Minnesota state guidelines, exposure to a mixture of PFAAs found in alligator meat and site-specific exposures based on harvest location should be considered in determining an appropriate guideline for vulnerable populations potentially exposed to PFAAs through consumption of wild alligator meat.

关键词： Public hunt American alligator Dietary exposure PFOS Consumption advisory Contaminant consumption

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Analysis of PFAAs in American alligators part 1： Concentrations in alligators harvested for consumption during South Carolina public hunts

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第11期29卷 24-30页

作者： jessica j.Tipton Louis j.Guillette jr Susan Lovelace Benjamin B.Parrott Thomas R.Rainwater jessica L.Reiner College of Charleston Charleston SC 29424 USA Medical University of South Carolina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Charleston SC 29425 USA University of Georgia Odum School of Ecology Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Jackson SC 29831 USA Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center & Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science Clemson University P.O. Box 596 Georgetown SC 29442 USA National Institute of Standards and Technology Chemical Sciences Division Hollings Marine Laboratory Charleston SC 29412 USA

Environmental contamination resulting from the production or release of harmful chemicals can lead to negative consequences for wildlife and human health. Perfluorinated alkyl acids（PFAAs） were historically produced as protective coatings for many household items and currently persist in the environment, wildlife, and humans. PFAAs have been linked to immune suppression, endocrine disruption, and developmental toxicity in wildlife and laboratory studies. This study examines the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis,as an important indicator of ecosystem contamination and a potential pathway for PFAA exposure in humans. Alligator meat harvested in the 2015 South Carolina（SC） public hunt season and prepared for human consumption was collected and analyzed for PFAAs to determine meat concentrations and relationships with animal body size（total length）, sex, and location of harvest. Of the 15 PFAAs analyzed, perfluorooctane sulfonate（PFOS） was found in all alligator meat samples and at the highest concentrations（median 6.73 ng/g）. No relationship was found between PFAA concentrations and total length or *** of one or all compounds varied significantly across sampling locations, with alligators harvested in the Middle Coastal hunt unit having the highest PFOS concentrations（median 16.0 ng/g; p = 0.0001）. Alligators harvested specifically from Berkley County, SC（located in the Middle Coastal hunt unit） had the highest PFOS concentrations and the greatest number of PFAAs detected（p 〈 0.0001）. The site-specific nature of PFAA concentrations in alligator meat observed in this study suggests a source of PFAA contamination in Berkley County, SC.

关键词： Perfluorinated alkyl acids American alligators South Carolina Perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) Dietary exposure

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In vitro and in vivo evaluation of cerium oxide nanoparticles in respiratory syncytial virus infection

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第6期24卷 124-135页

作者： Akhil Patel jessica Kosanovich Sameera Sansare Sricharani Balmuri Vinayak Sant Kerry M.Empey Shilpa Sant Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of PharmacyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA15261USA Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Pharmacy and TherapeuticsSchool of PharmacyClinical and Translational Science InstituteDepartment of ImmunologySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA15261USA Department of Bioengineering Swanson School of EngineeringMcGowan Institute for Regenerative MedicineUPMC Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA15261USA

Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)is the most common cause of viral bronchiolitis among children worldwide,yet there is no vaccine for RSV *** study investigates the potential of cube and sphere-shaped cerium oxide nanoparticles(CNP)to modulate reactive oxygen(ROS)and nitrogen(RNS)species and immune cell phenotypes in the presence of RSV infection in vitro and in *** and sphere-shaped CNP were synthesized by hydrothermal and ultrasonication methods,***-chemical characterization confirmed the shape of sphere and cube CNP and effect of various parameters on their particle size distribution and zeta *** vitro results revealed that sphere and cube CNP differentially modulated ROS and RNS levels in j774 ***,cube CNP significantly reduced RSV-induced ROS levels without affecting RNS levels while sphere CNP increased RSV-induced RNS levels with minimal effect on ROS *** CNP drove an M1 phenotype in RSV-infected macrophages in vitro by increasing macrophage surface expression of CD80 and CD86 with a concomitant increase in TNFαand IL-12p70,while simultaneously decreasing M2 CD206 *** administration of sphere and cube-CNP were well-tolerated with no observed toxicity in BALB/c ***,cube CNP preferentially accumulated in murine alveolar macrophages and induced their activation,avoiding enhanced uptake and activation of other inflammatory cells such as neutrophils,which are associated with RSV-mediated *** conclusion,we report that sphere and cube CNP modulate macrophage polarization and innate cellular responses during RSV infection.

关键词： Cerium oxide nanoparticles Reactive oxygen species Respiratory syncytial virus Macrophage phenotypes Immunomodulation Nanoparticle shape Bioactive nanoparticles

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Recent advancements in noninvasive brain modulation for individuals with autism spectrum disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第6期18卷 1191-1195页

作者： jessica R.Griff jake Langlie Nathalie B.Bencie Zachary j.Cromar jeenu Mittal Idil Memis Steven Wallace Alexander E.Marcillo Rahul Mittal Adrien A.Eshraghi Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory Department of OtolaryngologyNeurotology DivisionUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Neurological Surgery University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of MiamiCoral GablesFLUSA Department of Pediatrics University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA

Autism spectrum disorder is classified as a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders with an unknown definitive *** with autism spectrum disorder show deficits in a variety of areas including cognition,memory,attention,emotion recognition,and social *** no definitive treatment or cure,the main interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder are based on behavioral ***,noninvasive brain modulation techniques including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,intermittent theta burst stimulation,continuous theta burst stimulation,and transcranial direct current stimulation have been studied for their therapeutic properties of modifying neuroplasticity,particularly in individuals with autism spectrum *** evidence from small cohort studies,pilot studies,and clinical trials suggests that the various noninvasive brain stimulation techniques have therapeutic benefits for treating both behavioral and cognitive manifestations of autism spectrum ***,little data is available for quantifying the clinical significance of these findings as well as the long-term outcomes of individuals with autism spectrum disorder who underwent transcranial *** objective of this review is to highlight the most recent advancements in the application of noninvasive brain modulation technology in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.

关键词： autism spectrum disorder behavior cognition neurostimulation interventions noninvasive brain modulation theta burst stimulation transcranial direct current stimulation transcranial magnetic stimulation

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