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Innate and adaptive immune responses in male and female reproductive tracts in homeostasis and following HIV infection

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第5期11卷 410-427页

作者： Philip V Nguyen jessica K Kafka Victor H Ferreira Kristy Roth Charu Kaushic McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC) and Michael G.DeGroote Institute ot Intectious Dtseas Research (IIDR) Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada

The male and female reproductive tracts are complex microenvironments that have diverse functional demands. The immune system in the reproductive tract has the demanding task of providing a protective environment for a fetal allograft while simultaneously conferring protection against potential pathogens. As such, it has evolved a unique set of adaptations, primarily under the influence of sex hormones, which make it distinct from other mucosal sites. Here, we discuss the various components of the immune system that are present in both the male and female reproductive tracts, including innate soluble factors and cells and humoral and cell-mediated adaptive immunity under homeostatic conditions. We review the evidence showing unique phenotypic and functional characteristics of immune cells and responses in the male and female reproductive tracts that exhibit compartmentalization from systemic immunity and discuss how these features are influenced by sex hormones. We also examine the interactions among the reproductive tract, sex hormones and immune responses following HIV-1 infection. An improved understanding of the unique characteristics of the male and female reproductive tracts will provide insights into improving clinical treatments of the immunological causes of infertility and the design of prophylactic interventions for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections.

关键词： female reproductive tract genital immunity HIV-1 male reproductive tract mucosal immune responses sexhormones sexually transmitted infections

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Risk calculators for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients affected with chronic hepatitis B in Asia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第20期20卷 6244-6251页

作者： Hwai-I Yang Mei-Hsuan Lee jessica Liu Chien-Jen Chen Genomics Research Center Academia Sinica Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science China Medical University Taichung Molecular and Genomic Epidemiology Center China Medical University Hospital Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang Ming University Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine College of Public Health National TaiwanUniversity

Risk calculators are widely used in many clinical fields, and integrate several important risk factors through the conversion of a risk function into a single measure of risk. Several studies have been carried out to create risk calculators for the prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Most of them were hospital-based, with limited sample sizes and insufficient external validation. These study groups collaborated to establish the REACH-B risk score, which incorporated five clinical variables to predict HCC risk. This risk score was then validated in international clinical cohorts. Evidence suggests that quantitative serum HBsAg level provides additional predictability of HCC, especially in patients with low levels of hepatitis B virus DNA. This novel marker was incorporated into a risk calculator and was internally validated. This tool will hopefully be externally validated in the near future. Risk calculators can be used to support clinical practice, and to establish preventive measures; several “off-label” extension usages have also been implemented. Albeit beneficial, several precautions and discussions should be noted in using the risk calculators. The future development of risk calculators for CHB patients can be extended by applying them to additional CHB-related outcomes, and by incorporating emerging risk parameters.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Hepatocellular carcinoma Risk calculator Hepatitis B virus

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Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity of Borophene

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第5期63卷 813-823页

作者： Yue Jia Chun Li Jinwu Jiang Ning Wei Yang Chen Yongjie jessica Zhang School of Mechanics Civil Engineering and ArchitectureNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710129China Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Shanghai UniversityShanghai200433China School of Mechanical Engineering Jiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburgh15213USA

The present work carries out molecular dynamics simulations to compute the thermal conductivity of the borophene nanoribbon and the borophene nanotube using the Müller-Plathe *** investigate the thermal conductivity of the armchair and zigzag borophenes,and show the strong anisotropic thermal conductivity property of *** compare results of the borophene nanoribbon and the borophene nanotube,and find the thermal conductivity of the borophene is orientation *** thermal conductivity of the borophene does not vary as changing the width of the borophene nanoribbon and the perimeter of the borophene *** addition,the thermal conductivity of the borophene is not sensitive to the applied strains and the background temperatures.

关键词： Borophene molecular dynamics thermal conductivity

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Connecting brain and body:Transdiagnostic relevance of connective tissue variants to neuropsychiatric symptom expression

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第10期11卷 805-820页

作者： Harriet Emma Clare Sharp Hugo D Critchley jessica A Eccles Department of Medical Neuroscience Brighton and Sussex Medical SchoolUniversity of SussexBrighton BN19PXEast SussexUnited Kingdom Department of Psychiatry Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation TrustWorthingBN133EPWest SussexUnited Kingdom

The mind is embodied;thoughts and feelings interact with states of physiological arousal and physical integrity of the *** this context,there is mounting evidence for an association between psychiatric presentations and the expression variant connective tissue,commonly recognised as joint *** hypermobility is common,frequently under-recognised,significantly impacts quality of life,and can exist in isolation or as the hallmark of hypermobility spectrum disorders(encompassing joint hypermobility syndrome and hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome).In this narrative review,we appraise the current evidence linking psychiatric disorders across the lifespan,beginning with the relatively well-established connection with anxiety,to *** next consider emerging associations with affective illnesses,eating disorders,alongside less well researched links with personality disorders,substance misuse and *** then review related findings relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders and stress-sensitive medical *** growing understanding of mind-body interactions,we discuss potential aetiopathogenetic contributions of dysautonomia,aberrant interoceptive processing,immune dysregulation and proprioceptive impairments in the context of psychosocial stressors and genetic *** examine clinical implications of these evolving findings,calling for increased awareness amongst healthcare professionals of the transdiagnostic nature of hypermobility and related disorders.A role for early screening and detection of hypermobility in those presenting with mental health and somatic symptoms is further highlighted,with a view to facilitate preventative approaches alongside longer-term holistic management ***,suggestions are offered for directions of future scientific exploration which may be key to further delineating fundamental mind-body-brain interactions.

关键词： Joint hypermobility Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Psychopathology Psychiatric disorders Neurodevelopmental disorders Mind-body relations

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Animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis： a comparison of model validity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第12期13卷 2050-2054页

作者： jessica R.Morrice Cheryl Y.Gregory-Evans Christopher A.Shaw Experimental Medicine Program University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Neuroscience Program University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Department of Pathology. University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

Animal models are necessary to investigate the pathogenic features underlying motor neuron degeneration and for therapeutic development in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis（ALS）. Measures of model validity allow for a critical interpretation of results from each model and caution from over-interpretation of experimental models. Face and construct validity refer to the similarity in phenotype and the proposed causal factor to the human disease, respectively. More recently developed models are restricted by limited phenotype characterization, yet new models hold promise for novel disease insights, thus highlighting their importance. In this article, we evaluate the features of face and construct validity of our new zebrafish model of environmentally-induced motor neuron degeneration and discuss this in the context of current environmental and genetic ALS models, including C9 orf72, mutant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 mouse and zebrafish models. In this mini-review, we discuss the pros and cons to validity criteria in each model. Our zebrafish model of environmentally-induced motor neuron degeneration displays convincing features of face validity with many hallmarks of ALS-like features, and weakness in construct validity. However, the value of this model may lie in its potential to be more representative of the pathogenic features underlying sporadic ALS cases, where environmental factors may be more likely to be involved in disease etiology than single dominant gene mutations. It may be necessary to compare findings between different strains and species modeling specific genes or environmental factors to confirm findings from ALS animal models and tease out arbitrary strain-and overexpression-specific effects.

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor neuron degeneration face validity construct validity zebrafish models mouse models genetic models environmental models

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Global health disparities in vulnerable populations of psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第4期11卷 94-108页

作者： Ailyn Diaz Ritika Baweja jessica K Bonatakis Raman Baweja Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Penn State University College of MedicineHersheyPA 17033United States

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic affects psychiatric patients disproportionately compared to the general *** this narrative review,we examine the impact of the pandemic on significant global health disparities affecting vulnerable populations of psychiatric patients:People of diverse ethnic background and color,children with disabilities,sexual and gender minorities,pregnant women,mature adults,and those patients living in urban and rural *** identified disparities cause worsened mental health outcomes placing psychiatric patients at higher risk for depression,anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder *** psychiatric patients who are ethnic minorities display barriers to care,including collective trauma and structural *** and gender minorities with mental illness face discrimination and limited access to *** women with psychiatric diagnoses show higher exposure to domestic *** with disabilities face a higher risk of worsening *** adults with psychiatric problems show depression due to social *** patients who live in urban communities face pollutants and overcrowding compared to those living in rural communities,which face limited access to telehealth *** suggest that social programs that decrease discrimination,enhance communal resilience,and help overcome systemic barriers of care should be developed to decrease global health disparities in vulnerable population.

关键词： COVID-19 Pandemic Health disparities Global disparities Mental health disparities Access to care

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The landscape of cognitive impairment in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第7期18卷 1427-1433页

作者： Ilaria Martinelli Elisabetta Zucchi Cecilia Simonini Giulia Gianferrari Giovanna Zamboni Marcello Pinti jessica Mandrioli Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly Department of Neurosciences Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di ModenaModenaItaly Department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly

Although mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 gene account for only a minority of total amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases,the discovery of this gene has been crucial for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis *** the identification of superoxide dismutase 1 in 1993,the field of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genetics has considerably widened,improving our understanding of the diverse pathogenic basis of amyotrophic lateral *** this review,we focus on cognitive impairment in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis *** has mostly reported that cognition remains intact in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients,but recent reports highlight frontal lobe function frailty in patients carrying different superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis *** thoroughly reviewed all the various mutations reported in the literature to contribute to a comprehensive database of superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genotype-phenotype *** a resource could ultimately improve our mechanistic understanding of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,enabling a more robust assessment of how the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotype responds to different variants across genes,which is important for the therapeutic strategy targeting genetic *** in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis deserves further longitudinal research since this peculiar frailty in patients with similar mutations can be conditioned by external factors,including environment and other unidentified agents including modifier genes.

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cognitive impairment genotype-phenotype correlation superoxide dismutase 1

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Diurnal feeding as a potential mechanism of osmoregulation in aphids

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Insect Science 2021年第2期28卷 521-532页

作者： Vamsi Nalam Travis Isaacs Sarah Moh jessica Kansman Deborah Finke Tessa Albrecht Punya Nachappa Department of Agricultural Biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA Department of Biology Purdue University Fort WayneFort WayneIndianaUSA Division of Plant Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA

Diurnal variation in phloem sap composition has a strong infuence on aphid *** sugar-rich phloem sap serves as the sole diet for aphids and a suite of physiological mechanisms and behaviors allowv them to tolerate the high osmotic ***,we tested the hypothesis that night-time feeding by aphids is a behavior that takes advantage of the low sugar diet in the night to compensate for osmotic stress incurred while feeding on high sugar diet during the *** the electrical penetration graph(EPG)*** examined the eiects of diurmal rhythm on feeding behaviors of bird cherry-oat aphid(Rhopalosiphurm padi L.)on wheat.A strong diurmal rhythm in aphids as indicated by the presence of a cyclical pattern of expression in a core clock gene did not impact aphid feeding and similar feeding behaviors were observed during day and *** major difference observed between day and night feeding was that aphids spent significantly longer time in phloem salivation during the night compared to the *** contrast,aphid hydration was reduced at the end of the day-time feeding compared to end of the night-time *** expression analysis of *** osmoregulatory genes indicated that sugar break down and water transport into the aphid gut was reduced at *** data suggest that while diumal variation occurs in phloem sap composition,aphids use night time feeding to overcome the high osmotic stress incurred while feeding on sugar-rich phloem sap during the day.

关键词： bird cherry-oat aphid diurnal cycle electrical penetration graph hydraion osmoregulation phloem

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Oesophageal atresia: The growth gap

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第12期26卷 1262-1272页

作者： Isabelle Traini jessica Menzies Jennifer Hughes Steven Thomas Leach Usha Krishnan School of Women’s and Children’s Health University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Sydney Children’s HospitalRandwickNSW 2031Australia Department of Speech Pathology Sydney Children’s HospitalRandwickNSW 2031Australia Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology Sydney Children’s HospitalRandwickNSW 2031Australia

Poor growth is an under-recognised yet significant long-term sequelae of oesophageal atresia(OA)*** studies have specifically explored the reasons for growth impairment in this complex *** association between poor growth with younger age and fundoplication appears to have the strongest supportive evidence,highlighting the need for early involvement of a dietitian and speech pathologist,and consideration of optimal medical reflux management prior to referring for anti-reflux ***,it remains difficult to reach conclusions regarding other factors which may negatively influence growth,due to conflicting findings,inconsistent definitions and lack of validated tool *** swallowing and feeding difficulties are particularly frequent in younger children,their relationship with growth remains *** is possible that these morbidities impact on the diet of children with OA,but detailed analysis of dietary composition and quality,and its relationship with these complications and growth,has not yet been *** potential area of research in OA is the role of the microbiota in growth and *** the microbiota has been linked to growth impairment in other paediatric conditions,it is yet to be investigated in *** research is needed to identify the most important contributory factors to poor growth,the role of the intestinal microbiota,and effective interventions to maximise growth and nutritional outcomes in this cohort.

关键词： Oesophageal atresia Growth Malnutrition Feeding difficulty Dysphagia Microbiota

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In-situ gas contents of a multi-section coal seam in Sydney basin for coal and gas outburst management

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2023年第4期10卷 34-46页

作者： Zhongbei Li Ting Ren Dennis Black Ming Qiao Itmam Abedin jessica Juric Mike Wang School of Civil MiningEnvironmental and Architectural EngineeringUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW 2522Australia South32–Illawarra Metallurgical Coal WollongongNSW 2526Australia School of Safety Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China

The gas content is crucial for evaluating coal and gas outburst potential in underground coal mining. This study focuses on investigating the in-situ coal seam gas content and gas sorption capacity in a representative coal seam with multiple sections (A1, A2, and A3) in the Sydney basin, where the CO_(2) composition exceeds 90%. The fast direct desorption method and associated devices were described in detail and employed to measure the in-situ gas components (Q_(1), Q_(2), and Q_(3)) of the coal seam. The results show that in-situ total gas content (Q_(T)) ranges from 9.48 m^(3)/t for the A2 section to 14.80 m^(3)/t for the A3 section, surpassing the Level 2 outburst threshold limit value, thereby necessitating gas drainage measures. Among the gas components, Q_(2) demonstrates the highest contribution to Q_(T), ranging between 55% and 70%. Furthermore, high-pressure isothermal gas sorption experiments were conducted on coal samples from each seam section to explore their gas sorption capacity. The Langmuir model accurately characterizes CO_(2) sorption behavior, with ft coefcients (R^(2)) greater than 0.99. Strong positive correlations are observed between in-situ gas content and Langmuir volume, as well as between residual gas content (Q_(3)) and sorption hysteresis. Notably, the A3 seam section is proved to have a higher outburst propensity due to its higher Q_(1) and Q_(2) gas contents, lower sorption hysteresis, and reduced coal toughness f value. The insights derived from the study can contribute to the development of efective gas management strategies and enhance the safety and efciency of coal mining operations.

关键词： In-situ coal seam gas content Direct desorption method Gas component Sorption capacity Coal and gas outburst

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