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Micro-flow structure at regime transition from bubbling to turbulent fluidization in a fluidized bed

Particuology 2024年第6期89卷 117-130页

作者： Chaoyu Yan Yue Yuan Xiaoyang Wei jesse Zhu state Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing Beijing Key Laboratory of Process Fluid Filtration and SeparationCollege of Mechanical and Transportation EngineeringChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China China Beacons Institute The University of NottinghamNingbo315100China Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioN6A 5B9Canada

Gas-solid fluidized beds have found extensive utilization in frontline manufacturing,in particular as low-velocity beds.The fluidization status,the bubbling or turbulent flow regime and the transition in between,determine the system performance in practical applications.Though the convoluted hydrodynamics are quantitively evaluated through numerous data-processing methodologies,none of them alone can reflect all the critical information to identify the transition from the bubbling to the turbulent regime.Accordingly,this study was to exploit a coupling data processing methodology,in the combination of standard deviation,power spectrum density,probability density function,wavelet transform,and wavelet multiresolution method,to jointly explain the micro-flow structure at the regime transition from bubbling to turbulent fluidization.The transient differential pressure fluctuation was measured for the evaluation in a fluidized bed(0.267 m i.d.×2.5 m height)with FCC catalysts(d_(p)=65μm,ρ_(p)=1780kg/m^(3))at different superficial gas velocities(0.02–1.4 m/s).The results show that the onset of turbulent fluidization starts earlier in the top section of the bed than in the bottom section.The wavelet decomposition displays that the fluctuation of differential pressure mainly concentrates on the sub-signals with an intermediate frequency band.These sub-signals could be synthesized into three types of scales(micro-scale,meso-scale,and macro-scale),representing the multi-scale hydrodynamics in the fluidized bed.The micro-scale signal has the characteristic information of bubbling fluidization,and the characteristic information of turbulent fluidization is mainly represented by the meso-scale signal.This work provides a systematic comprehension of fluidization status assessment and serves as an impetus for more coupling analysis in this sector.

关键词： Flow regime transition Bubbling fluidization Turbulent fluidization Micro-flow structure Differential pressure fluctuation

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Perplexity.ai震撼搜索领域

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科技纵览 2024年第4期 8-9页

作者： MATTHEW s.smith 不详

ChatGPT在2022年11月30日发布时受到了热烈的称赞,同时也遭到了不少反对.事实很快清晰起来,人们想把那些向人工智能提出过的问题都抛给谷歌,但ChatGPT往往无法回答.

关键词：人工智能 GPT Chat

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Harnessing endothelial cells and vascularization strategies for nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2337-2338页

作者： Papon Muangsanit Poppy smith Virology and Cell Technology Research Team National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology(BIOTEC)National Science and Technology Development Agency(NSTDA)PathumthaniThailand UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering UCLLondonUK Department of Pharmacology UCL School of PharmacyUCLLondonUK

Peripheral nerves are essential components of the human body’s communication system,transmitting signals between the central nervous system and various body parts.Damage resulting from trauma or disease can result in debilitating sensory and motor deficits.Nerve injuries,particularly those resulting in significant gaps in the nerve tissue,pose a formidable challenge for clinicians and researchers.Despite their limitations,including limited availability and donor site morbidity,nerve autografts remain the clinical gold standard for treating nerve injuries.

关键词： injuries nerves donor

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Utilization of RNA sequencing to investigate olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps:A pilot study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery 2024年第1期10卷 29-36页

作者： Jorge A.Gutierrez III Jeremy L.Barth Rodney J.schlosser Thomas s.Edwards Timothy L.smith Zachary M.soler Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Department of Regenerative Medicine&Cell Biology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery Oregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA

Objectives:Prior research on olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis(CRs)has focused on patients with polyps and suggests that direct inflammation of the olfactory cleft mucosa plays a contributory role.The purpose of this study was to evaluate gene expression in superior turbinate mucosal specimens,comparing normosmic and dysosmic CRs patients without polyps(CRssNP).Methods:Tissue samples were obtained from the superior turbinates of patients with CRssNP at the time of endoscopic sinus surgery.samples subsequently underwent RNA sequencing and functional analysis to investigate biological pathways associated with differentially expressed genes between dysosmic(n=7)and normosmic(n=4)patients.Results:Differential gene expression analysis comparing dysosmic and normosmic CRssNP patients showed upregulation of 563 genes and downregulation of 327 genes.Using stringent criteria for multiple comparisons,one upregulated gene(Immediate Early Response 3[IER3])had an false discovery rate(FDR)correction adjustedP value considered statistically significant(Psis revealed eight biological pathways significantly different between dysosmic and normosmic patients(Psignaling,IL-10 signaling,and rhodopsin-like receptors.Conclusions:RNA sequencing of the superior turbinates in patients with CRssNP can provide valuable information regarding biological pathways and genes involved in olfactory dysfunction.This study supports literature suggesting that Type 2 inflammation may play a role in olfactory dysfunction in at least some patients with CRssNP.This study also prompts questions regarding the role of IL-10,rhodopsin-like receptors,andIER3 in the pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction.

关键词： chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps olfactory dysfunction RNA sequencing

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study of the deformed halo nucleus^(31)Ne with Glauber model based on microscopic self-consistent structures

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第6期65卷 67-75页

作者： shi-Yi Zhong shi-sheng Zhang Xiang-Xiang sun Michael s.smith school of Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China school of Nuclear science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Physics Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge 378^(31)-6354USA

The exotic deformed nucleus^(31)Ne is studied with an approach that combines self-consistent structure and reaction theories.The deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum(DRHBc)is utilized to demonstrate that deformation and pairing correlations give rise to a halo structure with a large-amplitude p-wave configuration in^(31)Ne.Then the valence nucleon wave functions and angle-averaged density distributions of ^(30)Ne from this theory are used as input for the Glauber reaction model to study the observables of neutron-rich neon isotopes to search halo signatures.With NL1 effective interaction,our predictions of the reaction cross sections for these exotic neon isotopes on a carbon target can better reproduce the experimental data than those from the relativistic mean field model for a spherical shape with resonances and pairing correlation contributions,and are roughly 3.3%(∼50 mb)larger than those with Gaussian function-fitted densities of the core nuclei.The calculated one-neutron removal cross section at 240 MeV/nucleon,and the inclusive longitudinal momentum distribution of the 30Ne residues from the^(31)Ne breakup reaction are largely improved over previous theoretical predictions and agree well with data.These reaction evalu-ations indicate a dilute density distribution in coordinate space and are a canonical signature of a halo structure.Moreover,our predictions with the NL3 and PK1 effective interactions give slightly better descriptions of reaction observables for exotic neon isotopes.

关键词： halo relativistic model Glauber model reaction cross section momentum distribution

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Recent advances using cyclopropanols and cyclobutanols in ring-openingasymmetric synthesis

Green Synthesis and Catalysis

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Green synthesis and Catalysis 2022年第3期3卷 219-226页

作者： Hong Yan Gregory s.smith Fen-Er Chen Institute of Pharmaceutical science and Technology College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China Engineering Center of Catalysis and synthesis for Chiral Molecules Department of ChemistryFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Chemistry University of Cape TownRondeboschCape Town 7700South Africa

Due to high ring strain energies,cyclopropanols and cyclobutanols have a strong tendency of breaking theendocyclic C–C bonds to participate in versatile organic transformations.With an inherent three-dimensionalstructure,cyclopropanols and cyclobutanols have the advantage of synthesizing linear or cyclic molecules withstereogenic centers via ring-opening asymmetric synthesis.There are three strategies for the ring-opening ofcyclopropanols and cyclobutanols usually involved in asymmetric synthesis:1)β-carbon elimination of metalalkoxide;2)radical ring-opening;3)ring-opening via semipinacol rearrangement.The present review has high-lighted the progress developed in the last five years.

关键词： Cyclopropanol Cyclobutanol Ring-opening C–C bond cleavage Asymmetric synthesis

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Crystallography of low Z material at ultrahigh pressure:Case study on solid hydrogen

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2020年第3期5卷 40-54页

作者： Cheng Ji Bing Li Wenjun Liu jesse s.smith Alexander Bjoorling Arnab Majumdar Wei Luo Rajeev Ahuja Jinfu shu Junyue Wang stanislav sinogeikin Yue Meng Vitali B.Prakapenka Eran Greenberg Ruqing Xu Xianrong Huang Yang Ding Alexander soldatov Wenge Yang Guoyin shen Wendy L.Mao Ho-Kwang Mao Center for High Pressure science and Technology Advanced Research Beijing 100094China High Pressure Collaborative AccessTeam Geophysical LaboratoryCarnegie Institution of WashingtonArgonneIllinois 60439USA Center for the study of Matter at Extreme Conditions and Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Florida International UniversityMiamiFlorida 33199USA Advanced Photon source Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIllinois 60439USA HPCAT X-Ray Science DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryLemontIllinois 60439USA MAX IV Laboratory Lund University22100 LundSweden Condensed Matter Theory Group Materials Theory DivisionDepartment of Physics and AstronomyUppsala UniversityUppsala S-75120Sweden Center for Advanced Radiation sources University of ChicagoChicagoIllinois 60637USA Department of Engineering sciences and Mathematics Lule°a University of Technology97187 Lule°aSweden Department of Geological sciences Stanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia 94305USA stanford Institute for Materials and Energy sciences SLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryMenlo ParkCalifornia 94025USA

Diamond anvil cell techniques have been improved to allow access to the multimegabar ultrahigh-pressure region for exploring novel phenomena in condensedmatter.However,the onlyway to determine crystal structures of materials above 100 GPa,namely,X-ray diffraction(XRD),especially for lowZ materials,remains nontrivial in the ultrahigh-pressure region,even with the availability of brilliant synchrotron X-ray sources.In thiswork,we performa systematic study,choosing hydrogen(the lowest X-ray scatterer)as the subject,to understand how to better perform XRD measurements of low Z materials at multimegabar pressures.The techniques that we have developed have been proved to be effective in measuring the crystal structure of solid hydrogen up to 254GPa at room temperature[C.Ji et al.,Nature 573,558–562(2019)].Wepresent our discoveries and experienceswith regard to several aspects of thiswork,namely,diamond anvil selection,sample configuration for ultrahigh-pressure XRDstudies,XRDdiagnostics for low Z materials,and related issues in data interpretation and pressure calibration.Webelieve that these methods can be readily extended to other low Z materials and can pave the way for studying the crystal structure of hydrogen at higher pressures,eventually testing structural models of metallic hydrogen.

关键词： ultrahigh solid eventually

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The impact of the Rural Minimum Living standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)Program on child nutrition outcomes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 444-456页

作者： Dian Chen Xiangming Fang Yu Chen Xiaodong Zheng Zhuo Chen Rodney B.W.smith Academy of Global Food Economics and Policy China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China school of Public Health Georgia State UniversityAtlanta 30303USA school of Economics Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou 310018China College of Public Health University of GeorgiaAthens 30602USA Department of Applied Economics University of MinnesotaSaint Paul 55108USA

The Rural Minimum Living standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)is an important unconditional cash transfer program to alleviate poverty in rural China.Despite the importance of children’s nutrition in breaking poverty cycles,little is known about the impact of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes.Using China Family Panel studies(CFPs),this paper examines the effects of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes and investigates potential pathways and heterogeneous effects.We exploit propensity score matching and difference-in-differences techniques to evaluate the effects of the Rural Dibao program on child nutrition outcomes.Our results suggest that Rural Dibao significantly impacts the nutrition outcomes of children up to 15 years of age.specifically,our results suggest that Rural Dibao improves child height-to-age z-scores by 1.05 standard deviations and lowers the probability of stunting by 11.9 percentage points.Additional analyses suggest that increased protein intake is the main pathway through which Rural Dibao participation contributes to better nutrition outcomes.We also find that the effect of the program is more pronounced among girls,children who are non-left-behind or live with highly educated mothers,and those from low-income families and poor areas.Our findings suggest that Rural Dibao participation helps improve child nutrition outcomes through improving diet quality.

关键词： Rural Minimum Living standard Guarantee nutrition height-to-age z-scores stunting rural China

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Polyethylene glycol has immunoprotective effects on sciatic allografts, but behavioral recovery and graft tolerance require neurorrhaphy and axonal fusion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1192-1206页

作者： Tyler A.smith Liwen Zhou Cameron L.Ghergherehchi Michelle Mikesh Cathy Z.Yang Haley O.Tucker JuliAnne Allgood Jared s.Bushman George D.Bittner Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Division of Pharmaceutical sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA

Behavioral recovery using(viable)peripheral nerve allografts to repair ablation-type(segmental-loss)peripheral nerve injuries is delayed or poor due to slow and inaccurate axonal regeneration.Furthermore,such peripheral nerve allografts undergo immunological rejection by the host immune system.In contrast,peripheral nerve injuries repaired by polyethylene glycol fusion of peripheral nerve allografts exhibit excellent behavioral recovery within weeks,reduced immune responses,and many axons do not undergo Wallerian degeneration.The relative contribution of neurorrhaphy and polyethylene glycol-fusion of axons versus the effects of polyethylene glycol per se was unknown prior to this study.We hypothesized that polyethylene glycol might have some immune-protective effects,but polyethylene glycol-fusion was necessary to prevent Wallerian degeneration and functional/behavioral recovery.We examined how polyethylene glycol solutions per se affect functional and behavioral recovery and peripheral nerve allograft morphological and immunological responses in the absence of polyethylene glycol-induced axonal fusion.Ablation-type sciatic nerve injuries in outbred sprague–Dawley rats were repaired according to a modified protocol using the same solutions as polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,but peripheral nerve allografts were loose-sutured(loose-sutured polyethylene glycol)with an intentional gap of 1–2 mm to prevent fusion by polyethylene glycol of peripheral nerve allograft axons with host axons.similar to negative control peripheral nerve allografts not treated by polyethylene glycol and in contrast to polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,animals with loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts exhibited Wallerian degeneration for all axons and myelin degeneration by 7 days postoperatively and did not recover sciatic-mediated behavioral functions by 42 days postoperatively.Other morphological signs of rejection,such as collapsed schwann cell basal lamina tubes,were abse

关键词： allograft rejection axotomy macrophage myelin nerve repair polyethylene glycol(PEG) sciatic nerve T cell transplantation Wallerian degeneration

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Electrobiocorrosion by microbes without outer-surface cytochromes

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mLife 2024年第1期3卷 110-118页

作者： Dawn E.Holmes Trevor L.Woodard Jessica A.smith Florin Musat Derek R.Lovley Department of Microbiology University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusettsUSA Department of Physical and Biological science Western New England UniversitySpringfieldMassachusettsUSA Department of Biomolecular sciences Central Connecticut State UniversityNew BritainConnecticutUSA Department of Biology Section for MicrobiologyAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Facuity of Biology and GeologyBabes-Bolyai UniversityCluj-NapocaRomania

Anaerobic microbial corrosion of iron-containing metals causes extensive economic damage.some microbes are capable of direct metal-to-microbe electron transfer(electrobiocorrosion),but the prevalence of electrobiocorrosion among diverse methanogens and acetogens is poorly understood because of a lack of tools for their genetic manipulation.Previous studies have suggested that respiration with 316L stainless steel as the electron donor is indicative of electrobiocorrosion,because,unlike pure Fe^(0),316L stainless steel does not abiotically generate H2 as an intermediary electron carrier.Here,we report that all of the methanogens(Methanosarcina vacuolata,Methanothrix soehngenii,and Methanobacterium strain IM1)and acetogens(sporomusa ovata and Clostridium ljungdahli)evaluated respired with pure Fe^(0)as the electron donor,but only M.vacuolata,Mx.soehngeni,and s.ovata were capable of stainless steel electrobiocorrosion.The electrobiocorrosive methanogens re-quired acetate as an additional energy source in order to produce methane from stainless steel.Cocultures of s.ovata and Mx.soehngeni demonstrated how acetogens can provide acetate to methanogens during corrosion.Not only was Meth-anobacterium strain IM1 not capable of electrobiocorrosion,but it also did not accept electrons from Geobacter metal-lireducens,an effective electron-donating partner for direct interspecies electron transfer to all methanogens that can directly accept electrons from Fe^(0).The finding that M.vacuolata,Mx.soehngeni,and s.ovata are capable of electrobiocorrosion,despite a lack of the outer-surface c-type cytochromes previously found to be important in other electrobiocorrosive microbes,demonstrates that there are multiple microbial strategies for making electrical contact with Fe^(0).

关键词： acetogen corrosion Fe^(0) methanogen stainless steel

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