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国外管理方法在中国的应用

科技导报 1985年第4期 30-32页

作者：华家熙杨为民美国斯陶弗(Stuffer)化学工业公司发展研究部主任本刊编委工业化学家

为了实现现代化的目标、提高中国人民的生活水平,中国经济必须以高度的工业劳动生产率来加强。在提高劳动生产率的多种途径中,良好的管理是最重要的一项,它是使人力、物力取得最大经济效果的一种手段。如果没有恰当的方式来合理组织经济... 详细信息

为了实现现代化的目标、提高中国人民的生活水平,中国经济必须以高度的工业劳动生产率来加强。在提高劳动生产率的多种途径中,良好的管理是最重要的一项,它是使人力、物力取得最大经济效果的一种手段。如果没有恰当的方式来合理组织经济,使所作的努力取得最大效果,就会出现浪费和缺乏效率,这种情况对中国是十分不利的。近来,中国对管理有了很大兴趣,这种广义的管理实质上包括企业组织、生产经济学、工业管理、计划与发展以及行为科学(以工作人员的态度为研究对象)。从中国派出代表团考察国外管理的经验和方法、

关键词：中华人民共和国劳动生产率美国联邦政府日本企业企业管理领导人

An international survey of classification and treatment choices for group D retinoblastoma

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第6期10卷 961-967页

作者： christina Scelfo Jasmine H Francis Vikas Khetan Thomas Jenkins Brian Marr David H Abramson carol L Shields Jacob Pe’er Francis Munier jesse Berry J.William Harbour Andrey Yarovoy Evandro Lucena Timothy G Murray Pooja Bhagia Evelyn Paysse Samuray Tuncer Guillermo L chantada Annette c Moll Tatiana Ushakova David A Plager Islamov Ziyovuddin carlos A Leal Miguel A Materin Xun-Da Ji Jose W cursino Rodrigo Polania Hayyam Kiratli charlotta All-Ericsson Rejin Kebudi Santosh G Honavar Vicktoria Vishnevskia-Dai Sidnel Epelman Anthony B Daniels Jeanie D Ling Fousseyni Traore Marco A Ramirez-Ortiz Ophthalmic Oncology Service Department of Surgery Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York 10065 USA Department of Ophthalmology Weill-Cornell Medical Center New York 10065 USA Department of Vitreoretinal and Ocular Oncology Sankara Nathralaya Chennai 600066 India Ocular Ontology Service Wills Eye Hospital Thomas Jefferson University Pennsylvania 19107 USA Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical center Jerusalem 91120 Israel jules-Gonin Eye Hospital Lausanne 1004 Switzerland USc Roski Eye Institute Children＇s Hospital of Los Angeles California 90033 USA Ocular Oncology Service Bascom Palmer Eye Institute University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Florida 33136 USA Ocular Oncology Department S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution Moscow 127486 Russia Department of Ocular Oncology Instituto Nacional de Cancer Rio de Janeiro 1122 Brazil Murray Ocular Oncology and Retina Miami Children＇s Hospital Florida 33143 USA St. Joseph＇s children＇s Hospital New Jersey 07504 USA Department of Ophthalmology Baylor College of Medicine Texas 77030 USA Department of Ophthalmology Ocular Oncology Istanbul Medical Faculty Istanbul University Istanbul 34452 Turkey Oncology Department Hospital JP Garrahan Buenos Aires 1245 Argentina Department of Ophthalmology VU University Medical Center Amsterdam 1081 the Netherlands Department of Head and Neck Tumors Science Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center Moscow 115478 Russia Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus Riley Hospital for Children Indiana University Medical Center Indiana 46202 USA National Oncology center of Uzbekistan Tashkent 110508 Uzbekistan nstituto Nacional de Pediatria Coyoacan 04530 Mexico Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale New Haven CT 06520 USA Xin Hua Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200092 China Department of Ophthalmology Santa Casa Mi

AIM： To determine which IIRc scheme was used by retinoblastoma centers worldwide and the percentage of D eyes treated primarily with enucleation versus globe salvaging therapies as well as to correlate trends in treatment choice to IIRc version used and geographic region. METHODS： An anonymized electronic survey was offered to 115 physicians at 39 retinoblastoma centers worldwide asking about IIRc classification schemes and treatment patterns used between 2008 and 2012. Participants were asked to record which version of the IIRc was used for classification, how many group D eyes were diagnosed, and how many eyes were treated with enucleation versus globe salvaging therapies. Averages of eyes per treatment modality were calculated and stratified by both IIRc version and geographic region. Statistical significance was determined by chi-square, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests using Prism. RESULTS： The survey was completed by 29% of physicians invited to participate. Totally 1807 D eyes were diagnosed. Regarding IIRc system, 27% of centers used the children＇s Hospital of Los Angeles （cHLA） version, 33% used the children＇s Oncology Group （cOG） version, 23% used the Philadelphia version, and 17% were unsure. The rate for primary enucleation varied between 0 and 100% and the mean was 29%. By IIRc version, primary enucleation rates were： Philadelphia, 8%; cOG, 34%; and cHLA, 37%. By geographic region, primary enucleation rates were： Latin America, 57%; Asia, 40%; Europe, 36%; Africa, 10%, US, 8%; and Middle East, 8%. However, systemic chemoreduction was used more often than enucleation in all regions except Latin America with a mean of 57% per center （P〈0.0001）. cONcLUSION： Worldwide there is no consensus on which IIRc version is used, systemic chemoreduction was the most frequently used initial treatment during the study period followed by enucleation and primary treatment modality, especially enucleation, varied greatly with regards to IIRc version used and geographic r

关键词： retinoblastoma oncology retina enucleation chemotherapy intra-arterial chemotherapy ophthalmic arterychemosurgery cancer

一例早发癫痫性脑病42型患儿的临床表型及基因变异分析

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中华医学遗传学杂志 2021年第2期38卷 127-130页

作者：冉颜吕远白华李闯李岭中国医科大学人民医院产科沈阳110016 中国医科大学附属盛京医院妇产科辽宁省母胎医学重点实验室沈阳110004 四川大学华西医院生物治疗国家重点实验室成都610041

目的探讨一例早发癫痫性脑病42型患儿的基因型与表型特征。方法详细询问患儿的病史,结合其临床表型、影像学及遗传学特征进行临床诊断,并对其父母进行Sanger测序验证,明确致病变异的来源。结果患儿无意识头向一侧轻度歪斜,眼球向同侧斜... 详细信息

目的探讨一例早发癫痫性脑病42型患儿的基因型与表型特征。方法详细询问患儿的病史,结合其临床表型、影像学及遗传学特征进行临床诊断,并对其父母进行Sanger测序验证,明确致病变异的来源。结果患儿无意识头向一侧轻度歪斜,眼球向同侧斜视,脑电图异常放电。磁共振成像显示左额后皮层可疑异常信号,伴右侧上颌窦及筛窦炎症。全外显子组测序提示患儿携带cAcNA1A基因c.5789G>A杂合变异,Sanger测序提示父母双方并未携带相同的变异,提示其为新发变异。结论先证者cAcNA1A基因c.5789G>A杂合变异可能是导致其早发癫痫性脑病42型的原因。

关键词：全外显子组测序 cAcNA1A基因早发癫痫性脑病42型磁共振成像

非遗传因素与基因多态性对华法林临床用药稳定维持剂量的影响

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中华医学遗传学杂志 2015年第5期32卷 629-634页

作者：侯江龙董鑫王玉庆王刚董力李岭四川大学华西医院心血管外科成都610041 成都新基因格医学检验所四川大学生命科学学院遗传医学研究所

目的评价非遗传因素和基因多态性对中国人群患者华法林用药稳定剂量的影响，为华法林个体化用药提供临床指导。方法选取正在服用华法林进行抗凝、连续2次国际标准化比值（internationalnormalizedratio，INR）达标的门诊及住院患者200... 详细信息

目的评价非遗传因素和基因多态性对中国人群患者华法林用药稳定剂量的影响，为华法林个体化用药提供临床指导。方法选取正在服用华法林进行抗凝、连续2次国际标准化比值（internationalnormalizedratio，INR）达标的门诊及住院患者200人，记录其基本信息和临床用药情况，用Sanger直接测序法进行4种基因共8种多态性的检测，用统计学分析评价遗传与非遗传因素对华法林用药剂量的影响并建立数学模型。结果在非遗传因素中，年龄和身高对华法林用药剂量有显著的影响，用药剂量随年龄增长有降低的趋势，而随身高的增长有升高的趋势。20岁年龄组与60岁年龄组华法林用药剂量差异达到1．81mg／天，身高140cm组与180cm组的用药剂量差异达1．06mg／天。在遗传因素中，VKORcI-1639G／A位点、cyP2c9430c／T位点、cYP2c9107SA／c位点、cyf）4F2V433M位点对华法林用药剂量有显著影响，野生型和突变型患者华法林用药剂量的差异从0．35mg／天到0．84mg／天不等。结论遗传和非遗传因素均为影响华法林个体化用药的重要因素，临床上应尽可能全面地考虑这些因素。建立合理的华法林稳定剂量的预测算法对华法林用药的安全性和有效性具有重要的意义。

关键词：华法林抗凝基因多态性个性化用药

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一个Ⅱ型轴前多指家系的基因突变检测

中华医学遗传学杂志 2019年第6期36卷 610-612页

作者：张志涛吕远李岭刘彩霞中国医科大学附属盛京医院妇产科辽宁省母胎医学重点实验室沈阳110004 四川大学生物治疗国家重点实验室成都610041

目的检测1个Ⅱ型轴前多指家系的基因突变.方法收集先证者及其家系成员的临床资料及外周血样本.用试剂盒提取基因组DNA,用PcR扩增SHH基因的调控元件“极化活性区调控序列”(zone of polarizing activity regulatory sequence,ZRS),对Pc... 详细信息

目的检测1个Ⅱ型轴前多指家系的基因突变.方法收集先证者及其家系成员的临床资料及外周血样本.用试剂盒提取基因组DNA,用PcR扩增SHH基因的调控元件“极化活性区调控序列”(zone of polarizing activity regulatory sequence,ZRS),对PcR产物进行双向Sanger测序,以确定致病突变位点.结果该家系表现为典型的Ⅱ型轴前多指.基因检测结果提示家系中患者均携带ZRS第105位的c>G杂合突变,在家系的正常成员及100例正常对照中均未发现相同的突变.结论 SHH基因调控元件ZRS内第105位c>G杂合突变是该家系的致病原因.

关键词： Ⅱ型轴前多指极化活性区调控序列点突变

一例成骨不全家系致病变异的鉴定及胚胎植入前遗传学检测

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中华医学遗传学杂志 2022年第1期39卷 21-25页

作者：李闯侯瑞刘彩霞李欢李岭吕远中国医科大学附属盛京医院妇产科辽宁省母胎医学重点实验室沈阳110004 四川大学华西第二医院遗传科成都610041

目的明确一例成骨不全(osteogenesis imperfecta,OI)家系的致病变异并为其提供胚胎植入前遗传学检测(preimplantation genetic testing,PGT)。方法应用高通量测序结合Sanger测序的方法鉴定患者的候选变异,用直接检测变异的方法对胚胎进... 详细信息

目的明确一例成骨不全(osteogenesis imperfecta,OI)家系的致病变异并为其提供胚胎植入前遗传学检测(preimplantation genetic testing,PGT)。方法应用高通量测序结合Sanger测序的方法鉴定患者的候选变异,用直接检测变异的方法对胚胎进行PGT检测,同时筛查囊胚的染色体非整倍体情况。在孕期对胎儿羊水样本进行染色体检查和基因诊断。在分娩后对胎盘的不同部位进行染色体检测。结果先证者携带cOL1A1基因c.544-2A>G杂合变异,其双亲均未查见同样的变异。PGT检测提示,该家系的3个囊胚中,1个为纯合野生型,但携带有16p13.3-11.2区重复(嵌合体),其余两个胚胎均携带杂合变异。经遗传咨询后,移植纯合野生型囊胚,羊水检测结果提示胎儿染色体正常且未携带致病变异。胎盘不同部位的染色体拷贝数变异检测提示拷贝数正常。结论对于患有单基因病的家系,在明确其致病变异后,可用直接检测变异位点的方法进行PGT检测,之后必须进行产前诊断。

关键词：成骨发育不全 cOL1A1基因变异嵌合体植入前遗传学检测

Orally administered extract from Prunella vulgaris attenuates spontaneous colitis in mdr1a^(-/-) mice

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2015年第4期6卷 223-237页

作者： Kelley MK Haarberg Meghan J Wymore Brand Anne-Marie c Overstreet catherine c Hauck Patricia A Murphy jesse M Hostetter Amanda E Ramer-Tait Michael J Wannemuehler Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Iowa State University Department of Veterinary Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University Department of Food Science and Technology University of Nebraska-Lincoln

AIM: To investigate the ability of a Prunella vulgaris(P. vulgaris) ethanolic extract to attenuate spontaneous typhlocolitis in mdr1a-/- mice. METHODS: Vehicle(5% ethanol) or P. vulgaris ethanolic extract(2.4 mg/d) were administered daily by oral gavage to mdr1a-/- or wild type FVBWT mice from 6 wk of age up to 20 wk of age. clinical signs of disease were noted by monitoring weight loss. Mice experiencingweight loss in excess of 15% were removed from the study. At the time mice were removed from the study, blood and colon tissue were collected for analyses that included histological evaluation of lesions, inflammatory cytokine levels, and myeloperoxidase activity. RESULTS: Administration of P. vulgaris extracts to mdr1a-/- mice delayed onset of colitis and reduced severity of mucosal inflammation when compared to vehicle-treated mdr1a-/- mice. Oral administration of the P. vulgaris extract resulted in reduced(P cXcL9(1319.0 ± 277 vs 3901.0 ± 858), and TNFα(9.9 ± 3 vs 14.8 ± 1) as well as reduced gene expression by more than two-fold for ccl2, ccl20, cxcl1, cxcl9, IL-1 α, Mmp10, VcAM-1, IcAM, IL-2, and TNFα in the colonic mucosa of mdr1a-/- mice compared to vehicle-treated mdr1a-/-mice. Histologically, several microscopic parameters were reduced(P ce, as was myeloperoxidase activity in the colon(2.49 ± 0.16 vs 3.36 ± 0.06, P cD4+ T cells(2031.9 ± 412.1 vs 5054.5 ± 809.5) and germinal center B cells(2749.6 ± 473.7 vs 4934.0 ± 645.9) observed in the cecal tonsils of P. vulgaris-treated mdr1a-/- were significantly reduced(P cle-treated mdr1a-/- mice. Vehicle-treated mdr1a-/- mice were found to produce serum antibodies to antigens derived from members of the intestinal microbiota, indicative of severe colitis and a loss of adaptive tolerance to the members of the microbiota. These serum antibodies were greatly reduced or absent in P. vulga

关键词： Prunella vulgaris Spontaneous colitis Inflammatory

一例Ⅰ型cornelia de Lange综合征胎儿的临床表型及基因变异分析

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中华医学遗传学杂志 2021年第1期38卷 67-70页

作者：吕远刘彩霞李闯李欢李岭李美慧中国医科大学附属盛京医院妇产科沈阳110004 辽宁省母胎医学重点实验室沈阳110004 四川大学华西医院生物治疗国家重点实验室成都610041

目的对1例疑诊为cornelia de Lange综合征的引产儿及其亲代进行基因检测,为遗传咨询和产前诊断提供依据。方法详细询问妊娠史及家族史,结合孕期影像学检查及引产儿表型做出临床诊断。收集引产儿组织及其亲代的静脉血样,提取基因组DNA,... 详细信息

目的对1例疑诊为cornelia de Lange综合征的引产儿及其亲代进行基因检测,为遗传咨询和产前诊断提供依据。方法详细询问妊娠史及家族史,结合孕期影像学检查及引产儿表型做出临床诊断。收集引产儿组织及其亲代的静脉血样,提取基因组DNA,进行全外显子组测序分析,筛查与表型相关的变异位点,并通过Sanger测序进行验证。结果孕期超声提示胎儿前臂及手形态异常、小脑蚓部发育不良、下颌偏小、双肾实质回声增强,引产后可见上肢及面部畸形。全外显子组测序提示胎儿携带NIPBL基因c.2118delG(***706fs)杂合移码变异,其父母未检出相同变异。结论NIPBL基因c.2118delG杂合移码变异可能是胎儿的致病原因。上述结果可为家系遗传咨询及指导再生育提供依据。

关键词： cornelia de Lange综合征 NIPBL基因移码变异全外显子组测序

产前影像学结合全外显子组测序诊断骨发育不全2型一例

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中华医学遗传学杂志 2020年第7期37卷 767-770页

作者：李洁孟伊琳李美慧刘彩霞李岭吕远中国医科大学附属盛京医院妇产科辽宁省母胎医学重点实验室沈阳110004 四川大学华西医院生物治疗国家重点实验室成都610041

目的对1例影像学检查提示长骨短小的胎儿进行全外显子组测序,为其产前诊断提供依据。方法收集胎儿的临床及影像学检查结果,采集羊水样本提取DNA,通过全外显子组测序结果筛选疑似致病变异,用Sanger测序进行家系验证。结果超声提示胎儿四... 详细信息

目的对1例影像学检查提示长骨短小的胎儿进行全外显子组测序,为其产前诊断提供依据。方法收集胎儿的临床及影像学检查结果,采集羊水样本提取DNA,通过全外显子组测序结果筛选疑似致病变异,用Sanger测序进行家系验证。结果超声提示胎儿四肢短小,但未见其他明显异常。全外显子组测序提示胎儿携带SLc26A2基因两处未见报道的杂合性致病变异c.484G>T和c.1436dupA,分别源自其母亲和父亲。结论产前超声检查结合全外显子组测序诊断胎儿为骨发育不全2型。SLc26A2基因复合杂合变异为其致病原因,该结果为胎儿的产前诊断及其父母的再生育提供了依据。

关键词：骨发育不全2型 SLc26A2基因变异全外显子组测序