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How to Check If a Number Is Prime Using a Finite Definite Integral

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2019年第2期7卷 364-380页

作者： jesús sánchez Independent Researcher Bilbao Spain

In the history of mathematics different methods have been used to detect if a number is prime or not. In this paper a new one will be shown. It will be demonstrated that if the following equation is zero for a certain number p, this number p would be prime. And being m an integer number higher than (the lowest, the most efficient the operation). . If the result is an integer, this result will tell us how many permutations of two divisors, the input number has. As you can check, no recurrent division by odd or prime numbers is done, to check if the number is prime or has divisors. To get to this point, we will do the following. First, we will create a domain with all the composite numbers. This is easy, as you can just multiply one by one all the integers (greater or equal than 2) in that domain. so, you will get all the composite numbers (not getting any prime) in that domain. Then, we will use the Fourier transform to change from this original domain (called discrete time domain in this regards) to the frequency domain. There, we can check, using Parseval’s theorem, if a certain number is there or not. The use of Parseval’s theorem leads to the above integral. If the number p that we want to check is not in the domain, the result of the integral is zero and the number is a prime. If instead, the result is an integer, this integer will tell us how many permutations of two divisors the number p has. And, in consequence information how many factors, the number p has. so, for any number p lower than 2m?- 1, you can check if it is prime or not, just making the numerical definite integration. We will apply this integral in a computer program to check the efficiency of the operation. We will check, if no further developments are done, the numerical integration is inefficient computing-wise compared with brute-force checking. To be added, is the question regarding the level of accuracy needed (number of decimals and number of steps in the numerical integration) to have a r

关键词： Primality Test Number Theory Primes Factorization Fourier Transform Parseval’s Theorem Time Domain Frequency Domain Numerical Computation

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Calculation of the Gravitational Constant <i>G</i>Using Electromagnetic Parameters

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2017年第1期3卷 87-95页

作者： jesús sánchez Independent Researcher Bilbao Spain

In this paper, we will derive the following formula for the value of the gravitational constant G: (1). This equation has only 0.81% error compared to the common accepted value [1]. The parameters in the equation are the following: the fine structure constant, q the elementary charge, the mass of the electron, the permittivity of the free space, e the exponential function and the relation between a circumference and its diameter. values attached: [2], [1], [1], [1], [3], [4], (Planck constant) [1], (speed of light) [1]. As it can be checked, all of them are electromagnetic or mathematical constants and properties of the electron. No constant related to gravity has been used to arrive to this value. This formula has only 0.81% error numerically and has the correct units. And it is the output of this paper. To get to this formula, we will consider space as being composed by the particles that occupy it. These particles include mass particles and force carriers (as photons). The non-uniform distribution of these particles creates distortions in space. These distortions create the warping of space, making gravity appear as an emergent phenomenon. Having in mind these considerations for a special case (an isolated electron emitting photons) we get to this formula that validates the assumptions.

关键词： Quantum Gravity Concept of space Gravitational Constant Emergent Gravity size of a Photon

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Dual-targeted lung cancer therapy via inhalation delivery of UCNP-siRNA-As1411 nanocages

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2022年第7期19卷 1047-1060页

作者： Yu Han Yuming Yang Qiuyang sun Bin Li Caixia Yue Yanlei Liu jesús M.de la Fuente Daxiang Cui Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of EducationShanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment InstrumentDepartment of Instrument Science&EngineeringSchool of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China National Engineering Center for Nanotechnology Collaborative Innovational Center for System BiologyShanghai 200241China Department of Neurosurgery Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China school of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon(INA) Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza 50018Spain

Objective:Although great progress has been made in the field of siRNA gene therapy,safe,efficient,and targeted delivery of siRNA are still major challenges in siRNA ***:We developed an up-conversion nanoparticle-based nanocage *** system protected the siRNA from being degraded by nucleases in organisms and selectively delivered the siRNAs to the tumor sites,due to modifications of targeted molecules on the surfaces of nanocages and local ***:The siRNAs delivered by the up-conversion nanoparticle nanocages were protected from degradation in transit to the tumor sites,where they *** with the passive target and control groups,the up-conversion nanoparticles based on the nanocage system showed a tumor suppressive effect after approximately 3 weeks of ***:The up-conversion nanoparticle nanocages efficiently delivered vascular endothelial growth factor siRNAs to tumor *** with lung tumors treated with tumors targeting up-conversion nanoparticle nanocages showed steady body weight changes,high tumor inhibition ratios,and longer survival times.

关键词： Nanomaterials vEGF siRNA lung cancer gene therapy siRNA delivery

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Context-dependent insect predation pressure on an avian ectoparasite

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Insect science 2023年第6期30卷 1784-1797页

作者： Angela salido jes.s.veiga Joaquín Luis Reyes-López Francisco valera Department of Botany Ecology and Plant PhysiologyUniversity of CórdobaCórdobaSpain Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva Estación Experimental de ZonasÁridas(EEZA-CSIC)AlmeríaSpain Department of Parasitology University of GranadaGranadaSpain MEMEG Department of BiologyLund UniversityLundSweden

Context dependence arises when ecological relationships vary with the conditions under which they are observed. Context dependence of interactions involving parasites is poorly known, even if it is key to understanding host–parasite relationships and food web dynamics. This paper investigates to which extent predation pressure on an avian ectoparasite (Carnus hemapterus) is context-dependent. Based on a predator-exclusion experiment, predation pressure on C. hemapterus pupae in the host's nest for 3 years, and its variation between habitat types are quantified. variation in precipitation and normalized difference vegetation index (NDvI) is also explored as a likely cause of context dependency. We hypothesize that predation pressure should fluctuate with such surrogates of food availability, so that inter-annual and intra-annual differences may emerge. The number of nests with significant reduction of pupae varied widely among years ranging from 24% to 75%. However, average pupae reduction in nests where a significant reduction occurred did not vary between years. No differences in predation rates between habitat types were detected. Precipitation and NDvI varied widely between years and NDvI was consistently lower around nests on cliffs than around nests on trees and farmhouses. Parallels were found between variation in predation pressure and precipitation/NDvI at a wide scale (highest predation the driest year, and much lower the 2 rainier ones), but not at the nest scale. This paper shows clear context-dependent insect predation pressure on an ectoparasite under natural conditions, and that such interaction changes in signs rather than magnitude between years. The causes for these variations require longer-term studies and/or well-designed, large-scale experiments.

关键词： ants arid areas Carnus hemapterus consumer-resource interaction ecosys-tem productivity predator-parasite rainfall

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Characterization by EBsD of Antimony-calcium Rich Phases Formed during Purification of Aluminum scrap

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials science) 2013年第4期28卷 647-649页

作者： MUIZ Rodrigo FLOREs Alfredo ORTIZ Juan RODRíGUEZ Nelly MARTíNEZ Fernando LUNA jesús OROZCO Pilar Faculty of Engineering Autonomous University of Coahuila Camporedondo Unit CINvEsTAv saltillo Unit Department of Metal Mechanics Technological Institute of Saltillo Faculty of Engineering Autonomous University of Zacatecas

We studied the influence of antimony on the modification rate of the silicon eutectic with sodium and/or strontium for castiig of A1-si alloys, and introduced controlled Ca and sb to the system and studied the resulting compounds, which were determined to be Cazsb and A1sb. scanning electron microscopy together with the complementary technique of electron backscatter diffraction （EBsD） were used to characterize the materials. The experimental results provided the basis for us to establish that antimony removal from AI occurs mainly through the reaction （sb）A1 ＋ 2Ca = Ca^sb ＋ A1.

关键词： aluminum alloys antimony contamination modification

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The advent of structural biology in situ by single particle cryo-electron tomography

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Biophysics Reports 2017年第Z1期3卷 17-35页

作者： jesús G.Galaz-Montoya steven J.Ludtke National Center for Macromolecular Imaging Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Baylor College of Medicine

single particle tomography(sPT), also known as subtomogram averaging, is a powerful technique uniquely poised to address questions in structural biology that are not amenable to more traditional approaches like X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and conventional cryoEM single particle analysis. Owing to its potential for in situ structural biology at subnanometer resolution, sPT has been gaining enormous momentum in the last five years and is becoming a prominent, widely used technique. This method can be applied to unambiguously determine the structures of macromolecular complexes that exhibit compositional and conformational heterogeneity, both in vitro and in situ. Here we review the development of sPT, highlighting its applications and identifying areas of ongoing development.

关键词： Cryo-electron tomography single particle tomography subtomogram averaging Direct detection device Contrast transfer function

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Real World Evidence (RWE, Real World Data), of the Effectiveness of Amoxicillin-Clavulanate in the Treatment of Children with Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Tonsillitis, Otitis, sinusitis)

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2024年第3期14卷 77-89页

作者： Maria Gonzalez Yibirin Juan Chirinos David Alberto Rincón Matute Trinidad Coll Miriam Rosales Yuliana Guevara Kuanlin Doried Guitens Pérez Mauribel Figueroa Rosalía Romero Jurgensen Andrea Rojas Gabriel jesús Arismendi González Milagros salcedo Marife Martina Marin Marcano Carolina Mendoza Marycarmen Anuel Maria Morao Raymond Aguilera Diego Ríos Maryenis Rodríguez Loren sánchez Jennyfer Fernández Rafael González Zaidith Zerpa Nelson Rodríguez Mirluis Rojas sixtaime Quijada Mariangel Moya Diego Orsini Chris Gómez Hector Gamero José Rodríguez Laboratorios LETI S.A.V. Guarenas Venezuela Ambulatorio Rural tipo II CPT3 Pampatar Venezuela Ambulatorio Los Robles CPT Dr. Luis Rosas Bravo Los Robles Venezuela Clnica Prevaler Pampatar Venezuela Hospital tipo 1 Dr. David Espinoza Rojas en Salamanca Salamanca Venezuela Centro Mdico Rotary El Valle Venezuela Ambulatorio Rural Tipo II CPT3 Dr. Enrique Albornoz Lares La Asuncin Venezuela

Real-world evidence (RWE) is clinical evidence on a medical product’s safety and efficacy that is generated using real-world data (RWD) resulting from routine healthcare delivery. This study evaluates the clinical efficacy of amoxicillin + clavulanic acid in children with pharyngitis, acute otitis, or acute rhinosinusitis with suspected bacterial origin under normal office and home conditions. Methods: This was a real-life, prospective, observational, pharmacovigilance study. It included children of both sexes between 2 and 12 years old, with a diagnosis of Rhinopharyngitis (tonsillitis), Acute Otitis Media and Rhinosinusitis. The main effectiveness variable evaluated was reduction and time to resolution of symptoms. All patients received Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid suspension 600 mg/42.9 mg/5 mL at a dose of 90 mg/Kg/day in two doses, every 12 hours for 7 days. The evaluations were carried out at the beginning, at 72 hours (3rd day) and at 7 days. All patients underwent culture and antibiogram. Results: The majority of cultures were negative for pathogenic germs, suspecting unidentifiable germs, or viral etiology despite the rigorous selection of subjects following validated scores. The most frequently isolated germ was staphylococcus aureus;growth of gram-negative bacteria was reported in 33.33% of the cultures. There was a significant improvement in symptoms in children with tonsillitis and rhinosinusitis from the first 72 hours of treatment, persisting until the 7 days. In the otitis media group, returning to normal by the tenth day. During the conduction of this investigation, no adverse effects associated with the prescribed therapy were reported.

关键词： Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid Tonsillitis Otitis sinusitis

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Colorectal stenting as first-line treatment in acute colonic obstruction

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2013年第10期5卷 495-501页

作者： jesús García-Cano Department of Digestive Diseases Hospital Virgen de la Luz

Tumoral obstructions in almost the entire gastrointestinal tract can be resolved with interventional digestive endoscopy techniques. self-expanding metal stent(sEMs) insertion in the obstructed colon is a minimally invasive and relatively simple procedure providing an effective first-line treatment for relief of acute malignant obstruction symptoms and serving either as a preoperative or "bridge to surgery" procedure or as palliative definitive care. This technique was introduced in the early 1990s. Although there is still debate about its real value, a lot of reports have been published since then and the procedure is advocated by many surgical groups as the method of choice for the initial treatment of left-sided tumoral colonic obstruction. Before the procedure, colonic obstruction has to be diagnosed by abdominal radiographs, water contrast enema and/or a computed tomography scan. The greatest information is provided by the latter and it is perhaps the method of choice prior to stenting. skills and training are mandatory, as in all interventional procedures. The key step for success is to cross the malignant stricture with a guidewire. Care must be taken not to over insufflate an obstructed colon during the procedure. sEMs slide over the guidewire through the endoscope working channel or in parallel, outside the endoscope. An average 7%perforation rate has been reported during the procedure and other minor complications can appear in the follow up. However, as a whole, this technique seems to compare favorably with surgery.

关键词： self-expanding metal stent Malignant colorectal obstruction Emergency surgery Interventional endoscopy

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Use of fully covered self-expanding metal stents in benign biliary diseases

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2012年第4期4卷 142-147页

作者： jesús García-Cano Department of Digestive Diseases Hospital Virgen de la Luz 16002 Cuenca Spain

Biliary fully covered self-expanding metal stents (FCsEMs) are now being used to treat several benign biliary conditions. Advantages include small predeployment and large postexpansion diameters in addition to an easy insertion technique. Lack of imbedding of the metal into the bile duct wall enables removability. In benign biliary strictures that usually require multiple procedures, despite the substantially higher cost of FCsEMs compared with plastic stents, the use of FCsEMs is offset by the reduced number of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography interventions required to achieve stricture resolution. In the same way, FCsEMs have also been employed to treat complex bile leaks, perforation and bleeding after endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy and as an aid to maintain permanent drainage tracts obtained by means of Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided biliary drainage. Good success rates have been achieved in all these conditions with an acceptable number of complications. FCsEMs were successfully removed in all patients. Comparative studies of FCsEMs and plastic stents are needed to demonstrate efficacy and cost-effectiveness

关键词： Benign biliary strictures Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography complications Endoscopic ultrasound cholangiopancreatography Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage Fully covered self-expanding metal stents

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Digitalization Practice in the spanish Tax Agency

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Belt and Road Initiative Tax Journal 2020年第2期1卷 30-38页

作者： jesús Gascón The spanish Tax Agency(AEAT)

This article will address some digitalization projects that the spanish Tax Agency is developing,most of them fully in-house,either for control or for assistance ***,the real-time vAT reporting system called sII,in place since July 2017,which has enabled a more timely and better control of vAT operations and at the same time has contributed to reducing the administrative burden on ***,the online tools progressively developed for assistance to vAT taxpayers,including the use of AI and the establishment of a new model of assistance through the ADIs,whole of digital assistance offices adding to the walk-in services in the local ***,the reporting obligation of intermediaries in the vacational rentals since year 2018 as a tool to boost voluntary compliance and improve the control of this sector,especially transactions where electronic platforms are involved;and last,but not least,the IT tool developed to hold virtual meetings between tax auditors and taxpayers called vIvIs,which will contribute to the efficiency of the Tax Agency and will also reduce the administrative burden on taxpayers.

关键词： Digitalization spanish Tax Agency value-added tax Real-time reporting virtual assistant Artificial intelligence

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