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Bile acid metabolism and signaling in health and disease:molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets

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signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2014-2064页

作者： Joshua s.Fleishman sunil Kumar Department of Pharmaceutical sciences College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt.John’s UniversityQueensNYUSA

Bile acids,once considered mere dietary surfactants,now emerge as critical modulators of macronutrient(lipid,carbohydrate,protein)metabolism and the systemic pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory *** acid metabolism and signaling pathways play a crucial role in protecting against,or if aberrant,inducing cardiometabolic,inflammatory,and neoplastic conditions,strongly influencing health and *** curative treatment exists for any bile acid influenced disease,while the most promising and well-developed bile acid therapeutic was recently rejected by the ***,we provide a bottom-up approach on bile acids,mechanistically explaining their biochemistry,physiology,and pharmacology at canonical and non-canonical *** this mechanistic model of bile acids,we explain how abnormal bile acid physiology drives disease pathogenesis,emphasizing how ceramide synthesis may serve as a unifying pathogenic feature for cardiometabolic *** provide an in-depth summary on pre-existing bile acid receptor modulators,explain their shortcomings,and propose solutions for how they may be ***,we rationalize novel targets for further translational drug discovery and provide future *** than dismissing bile acid therapeutics due to recent setbacks,we believe that there is immense clinical potential and a high likelihood for the future success of bile acid therapeutics.

关键词： metabolism rejected shortcomings

MAIPFE:An Efficient Multimodal Approach Integrating Pre-Emptive Analysis,Personalized Feature selection,and Explainable AI

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2229-2251页

作者： Moshe Dayan sirapangi s.Gopikrishnan school of Computer science and Engineering VIT-AP UniversityAmaravathiAndhra Pradesh522241India

Medical Internet of Things(IoT)devices are becoming more and more common in *** has created a huge need for advanced predictive health modeling strategies that can make good use of the growing amount of multimodal data to find potential health risks early and help individuals in a personalized *** methods,while useful,have limitations in predictive accuracy,delay,personalization,and user interpretability,requiring a more comprehensive and efficient approach to harness modern medical IoT *** is a multimodal approach integrating pre-emptive analysis,personalized feature selection,and explainable AI for real-time health monitoring and disease *** using AI for early disease detection,personalized health recommendations,and transparency,healthcare will be *** Multimodal Approach Integrating Pre-emptive Analysis,Personalized Feature selection,and Explainable AI(MAIPFE)framework,which combines Firefly optimizer,Recurrent Neural Network(RNN),Fuzzy C Means(FCM),and Explainable AI,improves disease detection precision over existing *** metrics show the model’s superiority in real-time health *** proposed framework outperformed existing models by 8.3%in disease detection classification precision,8.5%in accuracy,5.5%in recall,2.9%in specificity,4.5%in AUC(Area Under the Curve),and 4.9%in delay *** prediction precision increased by 4.5%,accuracy by 3.9%,recall by 2.5%,specificity by 3.5%,AUC by 1.9%,and delay levels decreased by 9.4%.MAIPFE can revolutionize healthcare with preemptive analysis,personalized health insights,and actionable *** research shows that this innovative approach improves patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency in the real world.

关键词： Predictive health modeling Medical Internet of Things explainable artificial intelligence personalized feature selection preemptive analysis

Real-Time Prediction of Urban Traffic Problems Based on Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANETs)

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 1903-1923页

作者： Ahmed Alhussen Arshiya s.Ansari Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia

Traffic in today’s cities is a serious problem that increases travel times,negatively affects the environment,and drains financial *** study presents an Artificial Intelligence(AI)augmentedMobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANETs)based real-time prediction paradigm for urban traffic *** are wireless networks that are based on mobile devices and may *** distributed nature of MANETs and the power of AI approaches are leveraged in this framework to provide reliable and timely traffic congestion *** study suggests a unique Chaotic spatial Fuzzy Polynomial Neural Network(CsFPNN)technique to assess real-time data acquired from various sources within *** framework uses the proposed approach to learn from the data and create predictionmodels to detect possible traffic problems and their severity in real ***-time traffic prediction allows for proactive actions like resource allocation,dynamic route advice,and traffic signal optimization to reduce *** framework supports effective decision-making,decreases travel time,lowers fuel use,and enhances overall urban mobility by giving timely information to pedestrians,drivers,and urban *** simulations and real-world datasets are used to test the proposed framework’s prediction accuracy,responsiveness,and *** results show that the suggested framework successfully anticipates urban traffic issues in real-time,enables proactive traffic management,and aids in creating smarter,more sustainable cities.

关键词： Mobile AdHocNetworks(MANET) urban traffic prediction artificial intelligence(AI) traffic congestion chaotic spatial fuzzy polynomial neural network(CsFPNN)

Gut microbiota in preterm infants receiving breast milk or mixed feeding

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 135-145页

作者： sandra Gabriela sánchez-González Bárbara Gabriela Cárdenas-del-Castillo Elvira Garza-González Gerardo R Padilla-Rivas Isaías Rodríguez-Balderrama Consuelo Treviño-Garza Fernando Félix Montes-Tapia Gerardo C Palacios-saucedo Anthony Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Manuel Enrique de-la-o-Cavazos Department of Pediatrics Hospital Universitario“Dr.JoséEleuterio González”Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Department of Pediatric surgery Hospital Universitario"Dr.JoséEleuterio González"Monterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico

BACKGRoUND Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality in newborns,with very-low-birthweight infants usually experiencing several *** milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition,especially for preterm infants with delayed gut colonization,because it contains beneficial microorganisms,such as Lactobacilli and *** To analyze the gut microbiota of breastfed preterm infants with a birth weight of 1500 g or *** An observational study was performed on preterm infants with up to 36.6 wk of gestation and a birth weight of 1500 g or less,born at the University Hospital ***éEleuterio González at Monterrey,Mexico.A total of 40 preterm neonates were classified into breast milk feeding(BM)and mixed feeding(MF)groups(21 in the BM group and 19 in the MF group),from october 2017 to June *** samples were collected before they were introduced to any feeding *** full enteral feeding was achieved,the composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16s rRNA gene *** variables were compared using student’s t-test or using the Mann–Whitney U test for nonparametric ***,evenness,equitability,Margalef’s index,Fisher’s alpha,Chao-1 index,and shannon’s diversity index were also *** No significant differences were observed at the genus level between the *** comparison indicated higher counts of Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria in the initial compared to the final sample of the BM group(Pon,higher counts of Gammaproteobacteria were detected in the final than in the initial sample(P=0.040).According to the Margalef index,Fisher’s alpha,and Chao-1 index,a decrease in species richness from the initial to the final sample,regardless of the feeding type,was observed(Pour predominant phyla were Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,Firmicutes,and Proteobacteria,with Proteobacteria being the most ***,no significant differences were

关键词： Gut microbiota Human milk Preterm infant Proteobacteria Very low birth weight 16s rRNA

sickle cell retinopathy and systemic disease

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Annals of Eye science 2024年第2期9卷 53-61页

作者： oladipupo o.Anibire Daniel ABrill Basil K.Williams Jr Meharry Medical College NashvilleTNUSA Department of ophthalmology University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOHUSA Cincinnati Eye Institute CincinnatiOHUSA Bascom Palmer Eye Institute University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA

sickle cell disease(sCD)is a widespread hemoglobinopathy that results in significant patient morbidity and *** occlusion can cause acute pain,acute chest syndrome,and avascular necrosis,while hemolysis and endothelial disruption can cause ischemic stroke,leg ulcers,pulmonary hypertension,and *** ocular and orbital structures can be affected by sCD ischemic events,including orbital bone infarction,ischemic optic neuropathy,retinal artery occlusion,hyphema,secondary glaucoma,sickle cell maculopathy,and sickle cell *** sickle cell retinopathy(PsR)is the most common cause of vision *** PsR can lead to macular ischemia,vitreous hemorrhage,and tractional retinal *** screening exams and multimodal imaging can lead to earlier detection of sickle cell retinopathy and improved patient *** patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery may require coordination of care with hematologists to avoid ischemic *** hydroxyurea was the only United states Food and Drug Administration approved treatment for several decades,patients with sCD now have several more treatment *** the United states screening all infants for sCD,there can be delays in diagnosis and *** review article aims to provide an overview of sickle disease for the ophthalmologist,and to discuss emerging treatment options and current management of sCD ocular complications.

关键词： sickle cell anemia sickle cell disease(sCD) sickle cell retinopathy retinal detachment vitreous hemorrhage(VH)

Early Phases of star Formation: Testing Chemical Tools

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 96-118页

作者： N.C.Martinez s.Paron CoNICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires.Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio Ciudad Universitaria(C1428EGA)Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentina

star-forming processes strongly influence the IsM ***,many high-quality databases are available at millimeter *** them,it is possible to carry out studies that review and deepen previous *** these studies involve large samples of sources,it is preferred to use direct tools to study the molecular *** the aim of testing these tools such as the use of the HCN/HNC ratio as a thermometer,and the use of H^(13)Co^(+),HC_(3)N,N_(2)H^(+) and C_(2)H as "chemical clocks," we present a molecular line study toward 55 sources representing massive young stellar objects at different evolutionary stages:infrared dark clouds(IRDCs),highmass protostellar objects(HMPos),hot molecular cores(HMCs) and ultracompact H II *** found that the use of the HCN/HNC ratio as a universal thermometer in the IsM should be taken with care because the HCN optical depth is a big issue that can affect the ***,this tool should be utilized only after a careful analysis of the HCN spectrum,checking that no line,neither the main nor the hyperfine ones,presents absorption *** point out that the analysis of the emission of H^(13)Co^(+),HC_(3)N,N_(2)H^(+) and C_(2)H could be useful to trace and distinguish regions among IRDCs,HMPos and *** molecular line widths of these four species increase from the IRDC to the HMC stage,which can be a consequence of the gas dynamics related to the starforming processes taking place in the molecular *** results not only contribute with more statistics,acting as a probe of such chemical tools,useful to obtain information in large samples of sources,but also complement previous works through the analysis of other types of sources.

关键词： stars:formation IsM:molecules IsM:clouds

Background removal from global auroral images:Data-driven dayglow modeling

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 247-257页

作者： A.ohma M.Madelaire K.M.Laundal J.P.Reistad s.M.Hatch s.Gasparini s.J.Walker Birkeland Centre for space science Department of Physics and TechnologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway

Global images of auroras obtained by cameras on spacecraft are a key tool for studying the near-Earth ***,the cameras are sensitive not only to auroral emissions produced by precipitating particles,but also to dayglow emissions produced by photoelectrons induced by *** emissions and scattered sunlight can contribute to the background *** fully utilize such images in space science,background contamination must be removed to isolate the auroral *** we outline a data-driven approach to modeling the background intensity in multiple images by formulating linear inverse problems based on B-splines and spherical *** approach is robust,flexible,and iteratively deselects outliers,such as auroral *** final model is smooth across the terminator and accounts for slow temporal variations and large-scale asymmetries in the *** demonstrate the model by using the three far ultraviolet cameras on the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration(IMAGE)*** method can be applied to historical missions and is relevant for upcoming missions,such as the solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(sMILE)mission.

关键词： aurora dayglow modeling global auroral images far ultraviolet images dayglow removal

An Efficient Modelling of oversampling with optimal Deep Learning Enabled Anomaly Detection in streaming Data

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China Communications 2024年第5期21卷 249-260页

作者： R.Rajakumar s.sathiya Devi srinivasa Ramanujan Centre SASTRA Deemed UniversityKumbakonamTamil Nadu 612001India University College of Engineering BIT CampusAnna UniversityTiruchirappalli 620024India

Recently,anomaly detection(AD)in streaming data gained significant attention among research communities due to its applicability in finance,business,healthcare,education,*** recent developments of deep learning(DL)models find helpful in the detection and classification of *** article designs an oversampling with an optimal deep learning-based streaming data classification(os-oDLsDC)*** aim of the osoDLsDC model is to recognize and classify the presence of anomalies in the streaming *** proposed os-oDLsDC model initially undergoes preprocessing *** streaming data is unbalanced,support vector machine(sVM)-synthetic Minority over-sampling Technique(sVM-sMoTE)is applied for oversampling ***,the os-oDLsDC model employs bidirectional long short-term memory(Bi LsTM)for AD and ***,the root means square propagation(RMsProp)optimizer is applied for optimal hyperparameter tuning of the Bi LsTM *** ensuring the promising performance of the os-oDLsDC model,a wide-ranging experimental analysis is performed using three benchmark datasets such as CICIDs 2018,KDD-Cup 1999,and NsL-KDD datasets.

关键词： anomaly detection deep learning hyperparameter optimization oversampling sMoTE streaming data

Improved state-space Modelling for Microgrids Without Virtual Resistances

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Journal of Modern Power systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 584-596页

作者： Paranagamage s.A.Peiris shaahin Filizadeh Dharshana Muthumuni Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of ManitobaWinnipegMBR3T 5V6Canada Manitoba HVDC Research Center 211 Commerce DriveWinnipegMBR3P 1A3Canada IEEE

Power converters and their interfacing networks are often treated as modular state-space blocks for small-signal stability studies in microgrids;they are interconnected by matching the input and output states of the network and *** resistors have been widely used in existing models to generate a voltage for state-space models of the network that require voltage *** paper accurately quantifies the adverse impacts of adding the virtual resistance and proposes an alternative method for network modelling that eliminates the requirement of the virtual resistor when interfacing converters with *** proposed nonlinear method allows initialization,time-domain simulations of the nonlinear model,and linearization and eigenvalue generation.A numerically linearized small-signal model is used to generate eigenvalues and is compared with the eigenvalues generated using the existing modelling method with virtual *** of the existing method and improvements offered by the proposed modelling method are clearly *** transient(EMT)simulations using detailed switching models are used for validation of the proposed modelling method.

关键词： Low-voltage converter state-space modelling dynamic phasor time-domain simulation eigenvalue analysis