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An overview of animal models for investigating the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies in acute hepatic failure

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第25期15卷 3086-3098页

作者： María jesús Tuón Marcelino Alvarez jesús M Culebras Javier González-gallego Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas (CIBERehd) and Institute of Biomedicine University of León Department of Animal Health University of León surgery Unit Hospital of León

Acute hepatic failure (AHF) is a severe liver injury accompanied by hepatic encephalopathy which causes multiorgan failure with an extremely high mortality rate, even if intensive care is provided. Management of severe AHF continues to be one of the most challenging problems in clinical medicine. Liver transplantation has been shown to be the most effective therapy, but the procedure is limited by shortage of donor organs. Although a number of clinical trials testing different liver assist devices are under way, these systems alone have no significant effect on patient survival and are only regarded as a useful approach to bridge patients with AHF to liver transplantation. As a result, reproducible experimental animal models resembling the clinical conditions are still needed. The three main approaches used to create an animal model for AHF are: surgical procedures, toxic liver injury and infective procedures. Most common models are based on surgical techniques (total/partial hepatectomy, complete/transient devascularization) or the use of hepatotoxic drugs (acetaminophen, galactosamine, thioacetamide, and others), and very few satisfactory viral models are available. We have recently developed a viral model of AHF by means of the inoculation of rabbits with the virus of rabbit hemorrhagic disease. This model displays biochemical and histological characteristics, and clinical features that resemble those in human AHF. In the present article an overview is given of the most widely used animal models of AHF, and their main advantages and disadvantages are reviewed.

关键词： Acute hepatic failure surgical models Chemical models Viral models

Endoscopic response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors predicts long term benefits in Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第14期25卷 1764-1774页

作者： Ignacio Alfaro Maria Carme Masamunt Nuria Planell Alicia López-garcía jesús Castro Marta gallego Rebeca Barastegui Angel Giner Alejandro Vara Azucena salas Elena Ricart Julián Panés Ingrid Ordás Gastroenterology Department Hospital Clínic de Barcelona Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i sunyer (IDIBAPs) University of Barcelona

BACKGROUND Identifying predictors of therapeutic response is the cornerstone of personalized *** To identify predictors of long-term mucosal healing(MH) in patients with Crohn's disease(CD) treated with tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) *** Prospective single center study. Consecutive patients with clinically active CD requiring treatment with a TNF-α inhibitor were included. A baseline segmental CD Endoscopic Index of severity(CDEIs) ≥ 10 in at least one segment or the presence of ulcerations were required for inclusion. Clinical, biological and endoscopic data were obtained at baseline, weeks 14 and 46. Endoscopic response(ER) was defined as a decrease ≥ 50% from baseline CDEIs and MH as partial CDEIs ≤ 5 in all *** Of 62 patients were included. At baseline, median CD Activity Index and CDEIs were 201 and 6.7, respectively with a significant reduction after one year of treatment(53 and 3.0 respectively, P s achieved ER and 34% MH. At week 46, the corresponding percentages were 52%and 44%. Baseline disease characteristics or biomarkers did not predict MH. A decrease from baseline CDEIs at week 14 of at least 80% was the best predictor of MH at week 46(59% sensitivity and 91% specificity; area under the curve =0.778).CONCLUsION Clinical and biomarker data are not useful predictors of response to TNF-αinhibitors in CD, whereas ER to induction therapy, defined as 80% reduction in global CDEIs, is a robust predictor of long-term MH. Achievement of this endoscopic endpoint may be considered as a therapeutic target for anti-TNF-αtherapy.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Endoscopy Mucosal healing Crohn’s Disease Endoscopic Index of severity Tumor necrosis factor

software Project Effort Estimation Based on Multiple Parametric Models Generated Through Data Clustering

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Journal of Computer science & Technology 2007年第3期22卷 371-378页

作者： Juan J.Cuadrado gallego Daniel Rodríguez Miguel Angel sicilia Miguel Garre Rubio Angel garcía Crespo Department of Computer science The University of Alcalá AlcaláSpain Department of Computer science Carlos Ⅲ University.Madrid Spain

Parametric software effort estimation models usually consists of only a single mathematical relationship. With the advent of software repositories containing data from heterogeneous projects, these types of models suffer from poor adjustment and predictive accuracy. One possible way to alleviate this problem is the use of a set of mathematical equations obtained through dividing of the historical project datasets according to different parameters into subdatasets called partitions. In turn, partitions are divided into clusters that serve as a tool for more accurate models. In this paper, we describe the process, tool and results of such approach through a case study using a publicly available repository, IsBsG. Results suggest the adequacy of the technique as an extension of existing single-expression models without making the estimation process much more complex that uses a single estimation model. A tool to support the process is also presented. Keywords software engineering, software measurement, effort estimation, clustering

关键词： software engineering software measurement effort estimation clustering

Differential response of injured and healthy retinas to syngeneic and allogeneic transplantation of a clonal cell line of immortalized olfactory ensheathing glia:a double-edged sword

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2395-2407页

作者： María Norte-Muñoz María Portela-Lomba Paloma sobrado-Calvo Diana simón Johnny Di Pierdomenico Alejandro gallego-Ortega Mar Pérez JoséMCabrera-Maqueda Javier sierra Manuel Vidal-sanz María Teresa Moreno-Flores Marta Agudo-Barriuso Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental Departamento de OftalmologíaOptometríaOtorrinolaringología y Anatomía PatológicaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MurciaInstituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria(IMIB)Campus de Ciencias de la SaludMurciaSpain Experimental sciences Faculty Universidad Francisco de VitoriaPozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain Anatomy Histology and Neuroscience DepartmentMedicine FacultyUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Center of Neuroimmunology Service of NeurologyLaboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological DiseasesHospital Clínic of BarcelonaInstitut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer(IDIBAPS)and Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Medicine Faculty Universidad Francisco de VitoriaPozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain

Olfactory ensheathing glia promote axonal regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system,including retinal ganglion cell axonal growth through the injured optic ***,it is unknown whether olfactory ensheathing glia also have neuroprotective *** ensheathing glia express brain-derived neurotrophic factor,one of the best neuroprotectants for axotomized retinal ganglion ***,we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective capacity of olfactory ensheating glia after optic nerve *** ensheathing glia cells from an established rat immortalized clonal cell line,TEG3,were intravitreally injected in intact and axotomized retinas in syngeneic and allogeneic mode with or without microglial inhibition or immunosuppressive *** and gene expression analyses were *** bulb-derived primary olfactory ensheathing glia and TEG3 express major histocompatibility complex classⅡ*** and syngenically transplanted TEG3 cells survived in the vitreous for up to 21 days,forming an *** axotomized retinas,only the allogeneic TEG3 transplant rescued retinal ganglion cells at 7 days but not at 21 *** these retinas,microglial anatomical activation was higher than after optic nerve crush *** intact retinas,both transplants activated microglial cells and caused retinal ganglion cell death at 21 days,a loss that was higher after allotransplantation,triggered by pyroptosis and partially rescued by microglial inhibition or ***,neuroprotection of axotomized retinal ganglion cells did not improve with these *** different neuroprotective properties,different toxic effects,and different responses to microglial inhibitory treatments of olfactory ensheathing glia in the retina depending on the type of transplant highlight the importance of thorough preclinical studies to explore these variables.

关键词： cell therapy immune recognition major histocompatibility complex class II(MHCII) neuroprotection olfactory ensheathing glia retinal ganglion cells

Validation of GIs layers in the EU:getting adapted to available reference data

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2011年第S1期4卷 42-57页

作者： Francisco Javier gallego IPsC Joint Research Centre of the ECIspraItaly

An optimal validation of a thematic map would ideally require in-situ observations of a large sample of units specifically conceived for the map under *** is often not possible due to budget *** alternative can be using photo-interpretation of high or very high resolution images instead of in-situ observations or using available data sets that do not fully comply with the ideal characteristics:unit size,reference date or sampling *** paper illustrates some examples of use of available data in the European *** land cover maps,the best existing data set is probably Land Use/Cover Areaframe survey(LUCAs)that has been conducted by Eurostat on four occasions since *** LUCAs is based on systematic sampling,advantages and limitations of systematic sampling are discussed.A fine-scale population density map is presented as an example of a situation in which reference data on a statistical sample cannot be collected.

关键词： accuracy assessment area frame sampling systematic sampling LUCAs land cover maps population density

Government Data Openness and Coverage. How do They Affect Trust in European Countries?

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Journal of Data and Information science 2021年第1期6卷 139-153页

作者： Nicolás Gonzálvez-gallego Laura Nieto-Torrejón san Antonio Catholic University of Murcia Faculty of Law and Business AdministrationAvda.de los Jerónimos135Murcia 30107Spain

Purpose: This paper aims to assess if the extent of openness and the coverage of data sets released by European governments have a significant impact on citizen trust in public ***/methodology/approach: Data for openness and coverage have been collected from the Open Data Inventory 2018(ODIN), by Open Data Watch;institutional trust is built up as a formative construct based on the European social survey(Ess), Round 9. The relations between the open government data features and trust have been tested on the basis of structural equation modelling(sEM).Findings: The paper reveals that as European governments improve data openness, disaggregation, and time coverage, people tend to trust them more. However, the size of the effect is still small and, comparatively, data coverage effect on citizens' confidence is more than twice than the impact of *** limitations: This paper analyzes the causal effect of Open Government Data(OGD) features captured in a certain moment of time. In upcoming years, as OGD is implemented and a more consistent effect on people is expected, time series analysis will provide with a deeper *** implications: Public officers should continue working in the development of a technological framework that contributes to make OGD truly open. They should improve the added value of the increasing amount of open data currently available in order to boost internal and external innovations valuable both for public agencies and ***/value: In a field of knowledge with little quantitative empirical evidence, this paper provides updated support for the positive effect of OGD strategies and it also points out areas of improvement in terms of the value that citizens can get from OGD coverage and openness.

关键词： Open government data Open data Trust Public policy

Determining indoor air quality and identifying the origin of odour episodes in indoor environments

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2009年第3期21卷 333-339页

作者： Eva gallego Xavier Roca Jose Francisco Perales Xavier Guardino Environmental Centre Laboratory Polytechnic University of Catalonia (LCMA-UPC) Avda Diagonal 647 E 08028 Barcelona Spain National Centre of Work Conditions (INsHT) Dulcet 2-10 E 08034 Barcelona Spain

A methodology for identifying volatile organic compounds （VOCs） and determining air quality of indoor air has been developed. The air samples are collected using pump samplers by the inhabitants when they perceive odorous and/or discomfort episodes. Glass multi-sorbent tubes are connected to the pump samplers for the retention of VOC. The analysis is performed by automatic thermal desorption （ATD） coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC/Ms）. This methodology can be applied in cases of sick building syndrome （sBs） evaluation, in which building occupants experience a series of varied symptoms that appear to be linked to time spent in the building. Chemical pollutants concentrations （e.g., VOC） have been described to contribute to sBs. To exemplify the methodology, a qualitative determination and an evaluation of existing VOC were performed in a dwelling where the occupants experienced the sBs symptoms. Higher total VOC （TVOC） levels were detected during episodes in indoor air （1.33 ±1.53 mg/m^3） compared to outdoor air （0.71± 0.46 mg/m^3）. The concentrations of individual VOCs, such as ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, 1-butanol, acetic acid, acetonitrile and 1-methoxy-2-propanol, were also higher than the expected for a standard dwelling. The external source of VOC was found to be an undeclared activity of storage and manipulation of solvents located at the bottom of a contiguous building.

关键词： indoor air thermal desorption TVOC VOC sick building syndrome

The relevance of dipeptides and tripeptides in the bioactivity and taste of dry-cured ham

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2019年第1期1卷 114-127页

作者： Marta gallego Leticia Mora Fidel Toldrá Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CsIC)

Dry-cured ham has been described as a good source of bioactive peptides and taste-active *** of them are dipeptides and tripeptides that are released in a large amount from different muscle proteins due to the action of exopeptidases during the dry-cured ham *** potential of dipeptides and tripeptides to exert bioactivities and impart taste characteristics to dry-cured ham has been evaluated using the BIOPEP database,since in silico approaches are a time-and cost-effective alternative to empirical *** of the studied dipeptides and tripeptides showed ACE and DPP inhibitory activities as well as imparted bitter *** fact,more than one bioactivity and/or taste could be assigned to a given peptide sequence,and there could be a correlation between both,like ACE inhibitory and bitter EA,EI and LG ***,several dipeptides such as EK,KP,LA,PL,PP,RG,and VE,among others,were found to be multifunctional(ACE and DPP IV inhibitory)which would be determined by their structure,sequence and amino acid *** silico analysis evidences the relevance of dipeptides and tripeptides in the bioactivity and taste of dry-cured hams,but further empirical assays including in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to confirm such theoretical *** degradation of the small peptides during gastrointestinal digestion and intestinal absorption as well as interactions with the food matrix could reduce their bioavailability and bioaccessibility,and modify their biological activities.

关键词： small peptides Biological activity sensory Ham In silico analysis Multifunctional peptides

From Network Functions to NetApps: The 5GAsP Methodology

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 4115-4134页

作者： Jorge gallego-Madrid Ramon sanchez-Iborra Antonio skarmeta University of Murcia Murcia30100Spain University Center of Defense General Air Force AcademySan Javier30720Spain

As the 5G ecosystem continues its consolidation,the testing and validation of the innovations achieved by integrators and verticals service providers is of preponderant *** this line,5GAsP is a European H2020-funded project that aims at easing the idea-to-market process through the creation of an European testbed that is fully automated and self-service,in order to foster rapid development and testing of new and innovative 5G Network Applications(NetApps).The main objective of this paper is to present the 5GAsP’s unified methodology to design,develop and onboard NetApps within the scope of different vertical services,letting them use specific 5G ***,we examine the whole 5GAsP process in a tutorial fashion by adopting a specific use case focusing on the integration of a virtual On-Board Unit(vOBU)service that permits offloading processing from the attached vehicle and serving data-access *** demonstrated,the presented workflow permits the agile,rigorous,and safe development,testing and certification of NetApps,which will enable valuable in-network services for 5G and beyond infrastructures.

关键词： 5G NetApp 5GAsP vOBU