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Body temperature,activity patterns and hunting in free-living cheetah:biologging reveals new insights

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第1期14卷 30-47页

作者： Robyn s.HETEM Duncan MITCHELL Brenda A.DE WITT Linda G.FICK shane K.MALONEY Leith C.R.MEYER and Andrea FULLER school of Animal Plant and Environmental SciencesFaculty of SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Brain Function Research Group School of PhysiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the Witwatersrand Medical SchoolParktownJohannesburgSouth Africa school of Human sciences University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia Department of Paraclinical science Faculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of PretoriaSouth Africa

As one of the few felids that is predominantly diurnal,cheetahs(Acinonyx jubatus)can be exposed to high heat loads in their natural *** is known about long-term patterns of body temperature and activity(including hunting)in cheetahs because long-term concurrent measurements of body temperature and activity have never been reported for cheetahs,or,indeed,for any free-living *** report here body temperature and locomo-tor activity measured with implanted data loggers over 7 months in 5 free-living cheetahs in *** tem-perature ranged from a maximum of 39°C in summer to−2°C in *** had higher(~0.4°C)max-imum 24-h body temperatures,later acrophase(~1 h),with larger fluctuations in the range of the 24-h body temperature rhythm(approximately 0.4°C)during a hot-dry period than during a cool-dry period,but main-tained homeothermy irrespective of the climatic *** ambient temperatures increased,the cheetahs shifted from a diurnal to a crepuscular activity pattern,with reduced activity between 900 and 1500 hours and increased nocturnal *** timing of hunts followed the general pattern of activity;the cheetahs hunted when they were on the *** hunted if an opportunity presented itself;on occasion they hunted in the midday heat or in total darkness(new moon).Biologging revealed insights into cheetah biology that are not ac-cessible by traditional observer-based techniques.

关键词： Acinonyx jubatus heat stress nocturnal intraguild predators moonlight

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外观健康的癌症生存者的运动能力

世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第5期2卷 9-9页

作者： De caro E. Fioredda F. Calevo M.G. G. Pongiglione 张振 Dept. of Cardiology G. Gaslini Children's Hospital Largo Gerolamo Gaslini 5 16148 Genoa Italy.Dr

Aims: To evaluate cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance in a large cohort of appa rently healthy paediatric cancer survivors in order to determine their participa tion in sporting activities. Methods: A total of 84 young (s) asy- mptomatic childhood cancer survivors, who had been exposed to anthracyclines ( mean dose 212 mg/m2) and/or chest irradiation (median dose 2000 cGy), with norma l left ventricular systolic function at rest (fractional shortening > 29%), and 79 healthy controls were studied. Exercise testing was performed on a treadmill ergometer. Gas exchange analysis and derived variables were measured on a breat h-by-breath basis. Pulmonary functional evaluation was performed before exerci se. Echocardiographic evaluation at rest was performed within one month before t he exercise test. Results: There were no differences in exercise responses betwe en patients and controls. In boys s, mean VO2 max was slightly but sign ificantly lower than in controls. This finding was thought to be a result of dec reased physical fitness as all the other exercise parameters were similar to those in the controls. Conclusions: Results show that apparently healthy survivors of paediatric cancer can take part in dynamic sporting activities if they exhibi t a normal response to cardiopulmonary exercise testing, while those that exhibi t a reduced VO2 max should be re-evaluated after an aerobic training programme, and should undergo tailored dynamic physical activity if the VO2 max does not n ormalise.

关键词：癌症生存者运动能力健康外观左室收缩功能正常左室短轴缩短率平均剂量蒽环类药物体育活动运动耐量

Characterization of Topsoil samples and Analysis of the Distribution of Heavy Metals in Parral Chihuahua, Mexico

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Journal of Environmental science and Engineering 2010年第12期4卷 12-17页

作者： L. Rodriguez Vazquez H. Ferman Avila E. Torres Carrillo L. shenz Macias J. Luna Carrete E. Herrera G.Gonzslez D. Aranda caro J. Carrillo L. Lozoya lnstituto Tecnologico de Parral Avenida Tecnologico # 57 33860 Parral Chihuahua Mexico Centro de Investigacion en Materiales Avanzados （CIMAV） Miguel de Cervantes # 120 31109 Complejo Industrial Chihuahua Chihuahua. Chihuahua Mexico

During the 17th Century, Parral City in the Chihuahua state in Mexico was one of the most important miner zones in the whole world. After more than three centuries important amounts of residuals, known as tailings, with high contents of heavy metals were generated. These residuals are a potential risk for the environment and human health. Given to that, it decided to carry out the analysis of the concentrations of cadmium, lead, chromium, zinc and arsenics, in topsoil samples susceptible of airborne transport and accumulation in risky zones (populated areas). A 120 km2 area was selected, this include Parral City and its surroundings. From this area 30 samples were obtained. For this purpose, Atomic Absorption spectroscopy technique was used, expecting high concentrations of heavy metals, above the permit limits, since several studies carried out in the same region, as in san Francisco del Oro Chihuahua, show that the concentrations of all the elements sampled, in topsoil, were above the limits. The analysis in the space distribution of the heavy metal detected will allow us to set the points with the highest susceptibility to the accumulation of those pollutants and to propose mitigation measures and control.

关键词：重金属含量土壤样品墨西哥原子吸收光谱技术表层表征人口稠密地区潜在风险

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面向永恒的建筑

城市建筑 2013年第13期10卷 17-25页

作者：玛塔·巴雷拉·阿德米哈维·卡罗·多明戈斯米格·亨迪·费尔南德斯钱辰伟(翻译) 杨凌(校审) Baum Lab

每座建筑的位置一般不会改变,改变的是它所经历的沧海桑田。无论是应用一套方案复制多个建筑,还是实现建筑的多样化,只有建筑方案的存在是短暂的,而建筑本身往往会长存于世,见证着它周围社会及文化的变迁。这意味着建筑必须面对时间的... 详细信息

每座建筑的位置一般不会改变,改变的是它所经历的沧海桑田。无论是应用一套方案复制多个建筑,还是实现建筑的多样化,只有建筑方案的存在是短暂的,而建筑本身往往会长存于世,见证着它周围社会及文化的变迁。这意味着建筑必须面对时间的流逝做出抉择——何时该随之改变,何时该保持不变,何时该果断谢幕。一些建筑(以及更多的城市开发区)往往要比它们的建筑师的寿命更长,因而对建筑而言,未来不过是另一个现在的翻版。此外,原有的(文化)基础也是建筑所必须面对的。或被动或主动,建筑总是将自己置身于艰难的位置,要面对过去的一切。而最终,使用者检验建筑要花费的正是时间,正是从建筑竣工的那一刻起,它也在以某种方式控制着自己发展的节奏。那么,我们能否设计时间呢?本文将通过横向剖析,透过与时间概念的关系,来审视新近的西班牙建筑。

关键词：仿古风格永久性城市特色遗产数字化时代突变

发展中的物质性——与恩里格·索贝汉诺的对话

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城市建筑 2013年第13期10卷 47-60页

作者：恩里克·索贝汉诺玛塔·巴雷拉·阿德米哈维·卡罗·多明戈斯米格·亨迪·费尔南德斯李京(翻译) 杨凌(校审) 涅托-索贝汉诺事务所柏林艺术大学鲍姆斯事务所不详

4月19日的一大早,弗安桑塔·涅托（Fuensanta Nieto）和恩里克·索贝汉诺（Enrique sobejano）在他们毗邻西拉诺街（serrano street）—马德里市独具特色的区域之一—的事务所接待了我们。他们工作和居住的这栋建筑的一层立面使用了半... 详细信息

4月19日的一大早,弗安桑塔·涅托（Fuensanta Nieto）和恩里克·索贝汉诺（Enrique sobejano）在他们毗邻西拉诺街（serrano street）—马德里市独具特色的区域之一—的事务所接待了我们。他们工作和居住的这栋建筑的一层立面使用了半透明的铝拉网。一切都被精心设计。经由主入口进入后,我们置身于一个居中的空间。透过右侧穿孔立面,可见为位于地下层的主要工作空间带去自然光的英式天井。

关键词：索贝物质性对话事务所马德里半透明自然光空间

碎裂的城市塞维利亚对1992年世博后的思考

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时代建筑 2011年第1期54卷 62-67页

作者：马尔塔.巴雷拉.阿尔特米尔哈维尔.卡洛.多明格斯米格尔.亨蒂尔.费尔南德斯田丹妮 Baum事务所 <时代建筑>编辑部高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室

位于欧洲南部中等规模的城市塞维利亚曾分别在1929年与1992年举办过两次重要的国际性博览会,博览会不仅塑造了当下的城市形状,且通过加强通信设施与基础建设转变了城市与整个区域的关系。作为城市发展的捷径,这些大事件能加快发展并有... 详细信息

位于欧洲南部中等规模的城市塞维利亚曾分别在1929年与1992年举办过两次重要的国际性博览会,博览会不仅塑造了当下的城市形状,且通过加强通信设施与基础建设转变了城市与整个区域的关系。作为城市发展的捷径,这些大事件能加快发展并有机会通过连贯统一的提案重塑城市,避免长期通用的总体规划带来一系列问题。塞维利亚面对一条需要恢复水体环境的河流,并将成为新的城市节点。然而经过20年,世博会场址仍然与城市其他部分相隔离。该区域城市功能的设置缺失居住和商业,使其置于深度破碎的境地;被包裹的簇团必然将城市区域撕裂开来。这里是碎裂的城市。

关键词：世博会向心的城市空间碎裂的城市

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长期存活肿瘤患儿不良预后的医学评估

美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2008年第3期27卷 137-147页

作者： Maud M. Geenen, MD Mathilde C. Cardous-Ubbink, Msc Leontien C. M. Kremer, MD, PhD Cor van den Bos, MD, PhD Helena J. H. van der Pal, MD Richard C. Heinen, Msc Monique. M. Jaspers, PhD, Msc caro C. E. Koning, MD, PhD Foppe Oldenburger, MD Nelia E. Langeveld, PhD, RN Augustinus A. M. Hart, Msc Piet J. M. Bakker, MD, PhD Huib N. caron, MD, PhD Flora E. van Leeuwen, PhD, Msc 张成海(译) 武爱文(译) 徐光炜(校) Late Effects study Group and Outpatient Clinic/Polikliniek Late Effecten Kindertumoren(PLEK) Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center: Departments of Medical Oneology Department of Pediatric Oncology Academic Medical Center:and Departments of Radiotherapy Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdamthe Netherlands Late Effects study Group and Outpatient Clinic/Polikliniek Late Effecten Kindertumoren(PLEK) Department of Pediatric Oncology Epidemiology Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdamthe Netherlands Late Effects study Group and Outpatient Clinic/Polikliniek Late Effecten Kindertumoren(PLEK) Medical Informatics Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdamthe Netherlands Late Effects study Group and Outpatient Clinic/Polikliniek Late Effecten Kindertumoren(PLEK) Radiotherapy Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdamthe Netherlands Radiotherapy Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdamthe Netherlands

背景：癌症患儿存活改善与多种治疗相关并发症相伴。然而，绝大多数有关癌症儿童生存率的研究仅局限于单一的远期效应。目的：在一个有完整的长期随访资料的大型儿童癌症生存队列中对癌症长期存活的不良预后（临床或亚临床病症）的总负... 详细信息

背景：癌症患儿存活改善与多种治疗相关并发症相伴。然而，绝大多数有关癌症儿童生存率的研究仅局限于单一的远期效应。目的：在一个有完整的长期随访资料的大型儿童癌症生存队列中对癌症长期存活的不良预后（临床或亚临床病症）的总负荷进行评估。设计、地点及人群：于1362例已生存5年的儿童癌症患者中进行回顾性队列研究。患儿1966至1996年在荷兰一家医疗机构接受治疗。所有生存者均被邀请到晚期效应诊所进行不良事件医学评估。2004年1月以前发生的不良事件依据标准方式进行严重度分级。主要观测指标：随访结束时治疗别不良事件（依据严重性）的发生率以及各种治疗相关疾病高度或严重负荷（危险度92或危及生命或致残的不良事件≥1个）的相对危险度。结果：94．3％的生存者完成了随访（中位随访时间17年）。随访结束时中位年龄为24、4岁。大约75％的生存者有1个或更多不良事件，24．6％发生5个或以上不良事件。而且，40％的生存者至少有1个严重、危及生命或致残的不良事件。在接受单纯放疗的生存者中，55％的患者观察到高度或严重不良事件负荷。接受单纯化疗的生存者发生率为15％，而单纯手术治疗的存活者相应发生率则为25％（校正后相对危险分别为2．18[95％可信区间，1．62—2．95]和0．65[95％可信区间，0．46—0．90]）。不良事件高度或严重负荷最常见于骨肿瘤生存者（64％），较少见于白血病或Wilms瘤生存者（12％）。结论：在成年时，很大一部分儿童癌症生存者都存在高度或严重疾病负荷，尤其是在放疗后。这强调了对儿童癌症生存者根据危险分层进行终生医学监视的必要性。

关键词：医学评估肿瘤患儿长期存活不良预后单纯手术治疗癌症生存者相对危险度不良事件

门诊手术麻醉协会关于手术后恶心呕吐的处理指南

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麻醉与镇痛 2008年第6期4卷 12-26,43页

作者： Tong J. Gan, MD Tricia A. Meyer, PharmD, Ms Christian C. Apfel, MD, PhD Frances Chung, FRCPC Peter J. Davis, MD Ashraf s. Habib, MB, FRCA Vallire D. Hooper,MsN, RN, CPAN, FAAN Anthony L. Kovac,MD Peter Kranke, MD, PhD, MBA Paul Myles, MD Beverly K. Philip, MD Gregory samsa, PhD Daniel I. sessler, MD James Temo, CRNA, MsN, MBA Martin R. Tramer, MD, DPhil Craig Vander Kolk,MD Mehernoor Watcha, MD 谢郭豪(译) 方向明(校) Department of Anesthesiology Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina Consultant Anesthesiologist University of Wuerzburg WuerzburgGermany Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care UCSF Medical Center at Mt. Zion San FranciscoCalifornia Department of Anesthesia University of Toronto Toronto Canada Department of Anesthesi-ology and Pediatrics University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania school of Nurs-ing Medical College of Georgia Augusta Georgia Department of Anesthesiology University of KansasMedical Center Kansas City Kansas Consultant Anesthesiologist University of Wuerzburg WuerzburgGermam Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Alfred Hospital Monash University Mel-bourne Australia Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative and Pain Medicine Brigham and Women'sHospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts Department of Biometry and Bioinformatics Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina Department of OUTCOMEs REsEARCH TheCleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio Duke University Nurse Anesthetist Program Durham North Caro-lina Division of Anesthesiology Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine Geneva Switzer-land Department of surgery Division of Plastic Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Bal-timore Maryland Department of Anesthesiology Texas Children's Hospital Houston Texas 不详

本指南是在门诊手术麻醉协会发起下，由国际专家组编撰而成。该专家组成员涉及与手术后恶心、呕吐（PONV）相关的多个学科，他们审慎的评估了当前关于PONV的医学文献，为PONV高风险的成年及儿童外科手术患者提供了循证医学的参考工具。... 详细信息

本指南是在门诊手术麻醉协会发起下，由国际专家组编撰而成。该专家组成员涉及与手术后恶心、呕吐（PONV）相关的多个学科，他们审慎的评估了当前关于PONV的医学文献，为PONV高风险的成年及儿童外科手术患者提供了循证医学的参考工具。指南的重点是识别成人及儿童患者中发生PONV的危险因素；推荐降低PONV基础风险的方法；甄别出对PONV进行预防性治疗最为有效的单一药物及联合用药方案；推荐对已发生的PONV的治疗方法；并为具有较高PONV风险的患者提供了处理流程。

关键词：手术后恶心呕吐手术麻醉指南协会门诊 PONV 外科手术患者联合用药方案