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Do non-target species visit feeders and water troughs targeting small game?A study from farmland spain using camera-trapping

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第2期16卷 226-239页

作者： JoséA.ARMENTEROs jesús caro Carlos sÁNCHEZ-GARCÍA Beatriz ARROYO JoséA.PÉREZ Vicente RGAUDIOsO Emilio J.TIZADO Department of Animal Production Research Group on Game Species Breeding and ManagementUniversity of LeónLeónSpain Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos(IREC CSIC-UCLM-JCCM)Ciudad RealSpain Fundación Artemisan Ciudad RealSpain Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management University of LeónPonferradaSpain

Provision of food and water is a widespread tool implemented around the world for the benefit of game and other wildlife,but factors affecting the use of food and water by non-target species are poorly known.We evaluated visits to feeders and water troughs by non-game species using camera-traps in two separate areas of spain.Feeders and water troughs were either“protected”(when surrounded by more than 50%of shrubs/forest)or“open”(in the opposite case).A total of 18948 photos from 5344 camera-trapping days depicted animals,and 75 species were identified.Feeders and water troughs were visited by target species(partridges and lagomorphs,55.3%of visits)and non-target species(44.7%of visits).Among the latter,corvids were themost common(46.1%of visits),followed by rodents(26.8%),other birds(23.6%,mainly passerines),columbids(1.9%),and other species at minor percentages.The highest proportion of visiting days to feeders and water troughs was from corvids(0.173)followed by otherbirds(0.109)and rodents(0.083);the lowest proportion was recorded for columbids(0.016).Use intensity and visit frequency of water troughs tripled that recorded in feeders,and visits to open feeders/troughs were approximately twice those to protected ones.In summary:feeders and water troughs targeting small game species are also used regularly by non-target ones;they should be set close to cover to optimize their use by non-target species that are not competitors of target species(though corvids may visit them);water availability should be prioritized where drought periods are expected.

关键词： camera-trapping feeding game species management watering wildlife

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Unveiling the Threat: Case Reports of Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis among sanctuary Chimpanzees

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 105-132页

作者： Emeline Chanove Yedra Feltrer Antoine Collomb-Clerc Angela Ceballos-caro Marina spinu Department of Infectious Diseases University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Romania International Primate Health and Welfare Group (IPHWG) Madrid Spain NeuroX Institute and Brain Mind Institute School of Life Sciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland Malaria and Emerging Parasitic Diseases Laboratory National Centre for Microbiology Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain

Primate sanctuaries across Africa play a pivotal role in the rescue and rehabilitation of confiscated and rescued wild primates, many of whom have had extensive contact with humans prior to their arrival and throughout the rehabilitation process, heightening the risk of disease transmission. While tuberculosis is not naturally occurring in free-living chimpanzees, it has been extensively observed in captive primates that have been in close proximity to humans or other captive primates infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This case report delves into an outbreak of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis among juvenile chimpanzees within a sanctuary, detailing the associated diagnostic challenges and treatment approaches. The five cases had close contact with a caregiver infected with tuberculosis, subsequently transmitting the infection to other in-contact chimpanzees. Prolonged treatment, employing the human protocol of quadri-therapy (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol), followed by bi-therapy (rifampicin and isoniazid), resulted in complete resolution for all five cases. These cases underscore the critical importance of maintaining high levels of biosecurity, implementing effective quarantine measures, and adhering to strict hygiene practices when working with non-human primates.

关键词： Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Chimpanzees Zoonotic Risk Biosecurity Diagnosis Challenges

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A Novel Ensemble Learning system for Cyberattack Classification

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Intelligent Automation & soft Computing 2023年第8期37卷 1691-1709页

作者： óscar Mogollón-Gutiérrez JoséCarlos sancho Nunez Marávila Vegas Andrés caro Lindo Department of Computer and Telematic systems Engineering Universidad de ExtremaduraSchool of TechnologyCáceres10005Spain

Nowadays,IT systems rely mainly on artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms to process data.AI is generally used to extract knowledge from stored information and,depending on the nature of data,it may be necessary to apply different AI algorithms.In this article,a novel perspective on the use of AI to ensure the cybersecurity through the study of network traffic is presented.This is done through the construction of a two-stage cyberattack classification ensemble model addressing class imbalance following a one-vs-rest(OvR)approach.With the growing trend of cyberattacks,it is essential to implement techniques that ensure legitimate access to information.To address this issue,this work proposes a network traffic classification system for different categories based on several AI techniques.In the first task,binary models are generated to clearly differentiate each type of traffic from the rest.With binary models generated,an ensemble model is developed in two phases,which allows the separation of legitimate and illegitimate traffic(phase 1)while also identifying the type of illegitimate traffic(phase 2).In this way,the proposed system allows a complete multiclass classification of network traffic.The estimation of global performance is done using a modern dataset(UNsW-NB15),evaluated using two approaches and compared with other state-of-art works.Our proposal,based on the construction of a two-step model,reaches an F1 of 0.912 for the first level of binary classification and 0.7754 for the multiclass classification.These results show that the proposed system outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches(+0.75%and+3.54%for binary and multiclass classification,respectively)in terms of F1,as demon-strated through comparison together with other relevant classification metrics.

关键词： Intrusion detection ensemble learning two-phase model UNsW-NB15 cybersecurity

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Exploring the configuration space of elemental carbon with empirical and machine learned interatomic potentials

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 987-998页

作者： George A.Marchant Miguel A.caro Bora Karasulu Livia B.Pártay Department of Chemistry University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK Department of Chemistry and Materials science Aalto University02150 EspooFinland

We demonstrate how the many-body potential energy landscape of carbon can be explored with the nested sampling algorithm,allowing for the calculation of its pressure-temperature phase diagram.We compare four interatomic potential models:Tersoff,EDIP,GAP-20 and its recently updated version,GAP-20U.Our evaluation is focused on their macroscopic properties,melting transitions,and identifying thermodynamically stable solid structures up to at least 100 GPa.The phase diagrams of the GAP models show good agreement with experimental results.However,we find that the models’description of graphite includes thermodynamically stable phases with incorrect layer spacing.By adding a suitable selection of structures to the database and re-training the potential,we have derived an improved model—GAP-20U+gr—that suppresses erroneous local minima in the graphitic energy landscape.At extreme high pressure nested sampling identifies two novel stable structures in the GAP-20 model,however,the stability of these is not confirmed by electronic structure calculations,highlighting routes to further extend the applicability of the GAP models.

关键词： carbon potential configuration

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An overview of resistance to chemotherapy in osteosarcoma and future perspectives

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第3期5卷 762-793页

作者： Dorian Yarih Garcia-Ortega sara Aileen Cabrera-Nieto Haydee sarai caro-sanchez Marlid Cruz-Ramos Cirugia Oncologica Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia(INCAN)Ciudad de Mexico 14080Mexico Posgrado en Ciencias Medicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad AnahuacCiudad de Mexico 52786Mexico Departamento de Patologi Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia(INCAN)Ciudad de México 14080Mexico Catedras de Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia(CONACYT) Instituto Nacional de CancerologiaCiudad de Mexico 14080Mexico

Osteosarcoma(Os)is the most common type of bone sarcoma.Despite the availability of multimodal treatment with surgery and chemotherapy,the clinical results remain unsatisfactory.The main reason for the poor outcomes in patients with Os is the development of resistance to methotrexate,cisplatin,doxorubicin,and ifosfamide.Molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with resistance to chemotherapy include DNA repair and cell-cycle alterations,enhanced drug efflux,increased detoxification,resistance to apoptosis,autophagy,tumor extracellular matrix,and angiogenesis.This versatility of cells to generate chemoresistance has motivated the use of anti-angiogenic therapy based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors.This approach has shown that other therapies,along with standard chemotherapy,can improve responses to therapy in patients with Os.Moreover,microRNAs may act as predictors of drug resistance in Os.This review provides insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the development of resistance during the treatment of Os and discusses promising novel therapies(e.g.,afatinib and palbociclib)for overcoming resistance to chemotherapy in Os.

关键词： Osteosarcoma therapy resistance tyrosine kinase inhibitor tumoral extracellular microenvironment cell cycle

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Antipredator deception in terrestrial vertebrates

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Current Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 16-25页

作者： Tim caro Department of Wildlife Fish and Conservation Biology and Center of Population Biology University of California Davis CA95616 USA

Deceptive antipredator defense mechanisms fall into three categories: depriving predators of knowledge of prey’s presence, providing cues that deceive predators about prey handling, and dishonest signaling. Deceptive defenses in terrestrial vertebrates include aspects of crypsis such as background matching and countershading, visual and acoustic Batesian mimicry, active defenses that make animals seem more difficult to handle such as increase in apparent size and threats, feigning injury and death, distractive behaviours, and aspects of flight. After reviewing these defenses, I attempt a preliminary evaluation of which aspects of antipredator deception are most widespread in amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds.

关键词：陆生脊椎动物欺骗性防御机制食肉动物主动防御外观尺寸两栖动物爬行动物

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Predictive value of bleeding risk scores in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation and oral anticoagulation

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老年心脏病学杂志:英文版 2023年第9期20卷 684-692页

作者： Pablo Domínguez-Erquicia sergio Raposeiras-Roubín Emad Abu-Assi Andrea Lizancos-Castro Jose A Parada-Barcia AndréGonzález-García Ana Ledo-Piñeiro Vanesa Noriega-caro Carla Iglesias-Otero AndrésÍñiguez-Romo Department of Cardiology University HospitalÁlvaro CunqueiroVigoSpain Health Research Institute Galicia sur VigoSpain

BACKGROUND The predictive value of bleeding risk scores for atrial fibrillation in older patients is not as well known.The goal of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of HAsBLED,ORBIT and ATRIA for major bleeding(MB)and intracranial hemorrhage(ICH)in patients≥75 years with atrial fibrillation and oral anticoagulation(OAC).METHODs A retrospective unicenter study including patients≥75 years with atrial fibrillation(AF)and OAC.A total of 7613 patients≥75 years with AF and OAC included between 2014 and 2018(registry:NCT04364516).We analyzed the discriminative value of HAsBLED,ATRIA and ORBIT scores for bleeding endpoints(major bleeding as primary endpoint and intracerebral hemorrhage as secondary).Cox regression was used to predict major bleeding with each scale and also for searching other variables potentially predictor of major bleeding.Model discrimination was assessed using Harrell’s C-statistic.Calibration was assessed with goodness-of-fit test proposed by Gronnesby and Borgan.REsULTs During a mean follow up of 4.0 years(IQR:2.4–5.7 years),729 patients developed MB(2.61 per 100 patients/year)and 243 patients developed ICH(0.85 per 100 patients/year).Three scores showed a low discrimination for major bleeding,being ORBIT the best(HAsBLED C statistic=0.557;ATRIA C statistic=0.568;ORBIT C statistic=0.595)and also a low discrimination for ICH(HAsBLED C statistic=0.509;ATRIA C statistic=0.522;ORBIT C statistic=0.526).Among the variables that are part of the scores and other baseline characteristics,after multivariable adjustment only sex(male),dementia,prior admission for bleeding,anemia and liver disease were found as a predictors of MB.CONCLUsIONs In older patients under oral anticoagulation with atrial fibrillation,the risk scores HAsBLED,ATRIA and ORBIT showed a weak discrimination for major bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage.Therefore,other better alternatives should be evaluated for this purpose.

关键词： patients bleeding fibrillation

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state-of-the-art on theories and applications of cable-driven parallel robots

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2022年第3期17卷 35-57页

作者： Zhaokun ZHANG Zhufeng sHAO Zheng YOU Xiaoqiang TANG Bin ZI Guilin YANG Clément GOssELIN stéphane caro state Key Laboratory of Tribology Department of Mechanical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision/Ultra-Precision Manufacturing Equipment and Control Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China school of Mechanical Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Ningbo 315201China Department of Mechanical Engineering UniversitéLavalQuebec QC G1V 0A6Canada Laboratory of Digital sciences of Nantes National Centre for Scientific ResearchNantes 44321France

Cable-driven parallel robot(CDPR)is a type of high-performance robot that integrates cable-driven kinematic chains and parallel mechanism theory.It inherits the high dynamics and heavy load capacities of the parallel mechanism and significantly improves the workspace,cost and energy efficiency simultaneously.As a result,CDPRs have had irreplaceable roles in industrial and technological fields,such as astronomy,aerospace,logistics,simulators,and rehabilitation.CDPRs follow the cutting-edge trend of rigid-flexible fusion,reflect advanced lightweight design concepts,and have become a frontier topic in robotics research.This paper summarizes the kernel theories and developments of CDPRs,covering configuration design,cable-force distribution,workspace and stiffness,performance evaluation,optimization,and motion control.Kinematic modeling,workspace analysis,and cable-force solution are illustrated.stiffness and dynamic modeling methods are discussed.To further promote the development,researchers should strengthen the investigation in configuration innovation,rapid calculation of workspace,performance evaluation,stiffness control,and rigid-flexible coupling dynamics.In addition,engineering problems such as cable materials,reliability design,and a unified control framework require attention.

关键词： cable-driven parallel robot kinematics optimization dynamics control

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Conservation and behavior of Africa＇s ＂Big Five＂

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Current Zoology 2014年第4期60卷 486-499页

作者： Tim caro Jason RIGGIO Department of Wildlife Fish and Conservation Biology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

We examine the conservation status of Africa’s “Big Five”: lion, leopard, buffalo, black and white rhinoceros and elephant, and the role of behavioral knowledge in their conservation. Efforts to conserve these flagship species consist ofin situconservation, captive breeding and reintroductions. With a few exceptions, we find limited evidence that knowledge of behavior informs conservation programs targeted at these species. For management in the wild, knowledge of infanticide and ranging can provide guidelines for realistic hunting quotas and corridors between protected areas, respectively. Forex situand reintroduction programs, behavioral knowledge is chiefly focused on improved animal husbandry. Despite a formidable understanding of these species’ behavior, the practicalities of using such knowledge may be diminished because exploitation of these species is so forceful and the bulk of efforts aimed at conserving these species (and indeed most other African species) are primarilyin situwhere behaviorally driven interventions are limited. Our comparative findings suggest that behavior has been of rather narrow use in the conservation of these flagship species [Current Zoology60 (4): 486–499, 2014].

关键词：保护作用行为非洲物种保护就地保护人工繁殖知识管理层

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微结构的纳米设计膜反应器中的催化(英文)

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催化学报 2008年第11期29卷 1169-1177页

作者： Juergen caro Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Leibniz University Hannover

For thermodynamically and kinetically controlled catalytic reactions,the influence of a membrane is discussed. For reactions operating near to the thermodynamic equilibrium,the conversion can be increased if one/all of the products is/are selectively removed in an extractor type membrane reactor. Examples are esterifications,dehydrogenations,and water dissociation using water,hydrogen,and oxygen selective membranes,respectively. For kinetically controlled reactions,i.e. reactions with a very negative free enthalpy,mainly the selectivity can be increased via the control of the partial pressure of the educts by dosing effects using distributor/contactor membrane reactors. Examples are partial oxidations and hydrogenations. In detail,the application of an oxygen transporting perovskite hollow fiber membrane with a nano-designed grain boundary structure in the hydrogen production by thermal water splitting and in the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons as case studies for thermodynamically and kinetically controlled reactions is discussed.

关键词：催化过程化学结构纳米膜反应器化学分析

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