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Down but Not Out

ChinAfrica 2017年第5期9卷 10-11页

作者： jeremy stevens

The global rating agencies have seemingly run out of patience, downgrading south Africa to what is colloquially known as ＂junk＂ status. More specifically, standards and Poor＇s （s＆P） recently lowered south Africa＇s long-term foreign currency credit rating to BB＋ from BBB- and the local currency rating to BBBfrom BBB. s＆P also lowered the short-term foreign currency rating to B from A-3 and the short-term local currency rating to A-3 from A-2. A few days later,

关键词：英语阅读理解时事

Overview of genetic signaling pathway interactions within cutaneous malignancies

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2020年第1期6卷 440-479页

作者： Brittany s.Maner Leonie Dupuis Ashley su jeremy J Jueng Tanner P.Harding John Meisenheimer Ⅶ Fahad s.siddiqui Mia R.Hardack savina Aneja James A.solomon Ross University school of Medicine MiramarFL 33027USA Ameriderm Research Ormond BeachFL 32174USA University of Central Florida College of Medicine OrlandoFL 32827USA University of south Florida Morsani College of Medicine TampaFL 33612USA Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine DothanAL 36303USA Advanced Dermatology and Cosmetic surgery OrlandoFL 32806USA Florida state University College of Medicine OrlandoFL 32304USA Kansas City University of Medicine&Biosciences Kansas CityMO 64106USA Carle-Illinois College of Medicine UrbanaIL 61820USA

Melanoma and non-melanoma cutaneous malignancies are some of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the United *** melanoma is more known to have a high mortality rate,the total mortality per year is nearly equal for between melanoma and non-melanoma skin ***,the non-melanoma types of cutaneous malignancies have potential to become locally invasive and even metastasize with very little to no treatment options when *** development of these malignancies involves various genetic pathways through the four hallmarks of cancer development:malignant cell growth,apoptosis evasion,the use of supporting stroma and vascularization,and modulating and promoting an inadequate immune *** genetic signaling pathways of basal cell carcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma,verrucous carcinoma,basosquamous cell carcinoma,melanoma,and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma interact with each other through genetic predisposition as well as with environmental ***,solar ultraviolet radiation and chronic inflammatory states are found to initiate the progression of many of these cutaneous *** paper includes validated models of genetic pathways,emerging pathways,and crosstalk between genetic pathways through the four hallmarks of cancer ***,unlike most reviews addressing oncogenetics of the well-recognized,as well as newly discovered,genetic pathway mutations,this review stresses that these pathways are not fixed but rather exist in dynamic,interrelated,interactive,complex,and adaptive flux states.

关键词： Basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma verrucous carcinoma basosquamous cell carcinoma melanoma cutaneous T-cell lymphoma genetic pathways cancer hallmarks

Expanding plant genome-editing scope by an engineered ispyMacCas9 system that targets A-rich PAM sequences

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Plant Communications 2021年第2期2卷 78-88页

作者： simon sretenovic Desuo Yin Adam Levav jeremy D.selengut stephen M.Mount Yiping Qi Department of Plant science and Landscape Architecture University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Hubei Academy of Agricultural sciences Wuhan 430064China Montgomery Blair High school Silver SpringMD 20901USA Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research University of MarylandRockvilleMD 20850USA

The most popular CRIsPR-spCas9 systemrecognizes canonical NGG protospacer adjacent motifs(PAMs).Previously engineered spCas9 variants,such as Cas9-NG,favor G-rich PAMs in genome *** this manuscript,we describe a new plant genome-editing system based on a hybrid ispyMacCas9 platform that allows for targeted mutagenesis,C to T base editing,and A to G base editing at A-rich *** study fills amajor technology gap in the CRIsPR-Cas9 system for editing NAAR PAMs in plants,which greatly expands the targeting scope of ***,our vector systems are fully compatible with Gateway cloning and will work with all existing single-guide RNA expression systems,facilitating easy adoption of the systems by *** anticipate that more tools,such as prime editing,homology-directed repair,CRIsPR interference,and CRIsPR activation,will be further developed based on our promising ispyMac-Cas9 platform.

关键词： plant genome editing ispyMacCas9 PAM cytosine base editing adenine base editing

Detection of a possible superluminous supernova in the Epoch of Reionization

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science Bulletin 2017年第10期62卷 675-678页

作者： jeremy Mould Tim Abbott Jeff Cooke Chris Curtin Antonios Katsianis Anton Koekemoer Edoardo Tescari syed Uddin Lifan Wang stuart Wyithe Centre for Astrophysical & supercomputing Swinburne University Hawthorn 3122 Australia Cerro Tololo lnteramerican Observatory NOAO La Serena Chile space Telescope science Institute Baltimore MD 21218 USA Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Texas A&M University College Station 7X 77843 USA University of Melbourne School of Physics Melbourne 3010 Australia Departamento de Astronornia Universidad de Chile Los Condes Santiago. Chile

The Epoch of Reionization(EoR)poses a number of puzzles,including the sufficiency of ionizing radiation,the rapid production of supermassive black holes and the early appearance of abundant metals in larger *** the first of these,solutions focus on the main sequence evolution of massive stars,but the second and third puzzles involve the terminal phase of stellar evolution,

关键词：超新星再电离大质量恒星检测光度恒星演化电离辐射 EOR

Roles for the VCP co-factors Npl4 and Ufd1 in neuronal function in Drosophila melanogaster

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2017年第10期44卷 493-501页

作者： Dwayne J.Byrne Mark J.Harmon jeremy C.simpson Craig Blackstone Niamh C. O'sullivan UCD school of Biomolecular and Biomedical science UCD Conway Institute University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland UCD school of Biology and Environmental science UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research University College Dublin Dublin 4Ireland Cell Biology section Neurogenetics Branch National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA

The VCP-Ufd1-Npl4 complex regulates proteasomal processing within cells by delivering ubiquitinated proteins to the proteasome for *** in VCP are associated with two neurodegenerative diseases,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis（ALs） and inclusion body myopathy with Paget＇s disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia（IBMPFD）,and extensive study has revealed crucial functions of VCP within *** contrast,little is known about the functions of Npl4 or Ufd1 in *** neuronalspecific knockdown of Npl4 or Ufd1 in Drosophila melanogaster,we infer that Npl4 contributes to microtubule organization within developing motor ***,Npl4 RNAi flies present with neurodegenerative phenotypes including progressive locomotor deficits,reduced lifespan and increased accumulation of TAR DNA-binding protein-43 homolog（TBPH）.Knockdown,but not overexpression,of TBPH also exacerbates Npl4 RNAi-associated adult-onset neurodegenerative *** contrast,we find that neuronal knockdown of Ufd1 has little effect on neuromuscular junction（NMJ） organization,TBPH accumulation or adult *** findings suggest the differing neuronal functions of Npl4 and Ufd1 in vivo.

关键词： Proteasome TDP-43 accumulation Neurodegeneration Drosophila

Gestational heat stress alters skeletal muscle gene expression profiles and vascularity in fetal pigs in a sexually dimorphic manner

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2022年第6期13卷 1785-1798页

作者： Weicheng Zhao Mark P.Green Christina D.Marth Fan Liu Hieu H.Le Gordon s.Lynch Alan W.Bell Brian J.Leury Frank R.Dunshea jeremy J.Cottrell school of Agriculture and Food Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia school of Biosciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia Melbourne Veterinary school Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneWerribeeVIC 3030Australia Rivalea Australia Pty Ltd CorowaNSW 2646Australia Centre for Muscle Research Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyThe University of MelbourneParkville 3010Australia Department of Animal science Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853-4801USA Faculty of Biological sciences The University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK

Background: There is evidence that sow heat stress(Hs) during gestation affects fetal development with implications for impaired muscle growth. We have previously demonstrated that maternal Hs during early to midgestation compromised muscle fibre hyperplasia in developing fetal pigs. Thus, we hypothesised these phenotypic changes are associated with a change in expression of genes regulating fetal skeletal muscle development and metabolism. To test this, at d 60 of gestation, RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry were performed on fetal longissimus dorsi(LD) muscle biopsies collected from pregnant gilts that had experienced either thermoneutral control(CON, 20 ℃, n = 7 gilts, 18 LD samples) or controlled Hs(cyclic 28 to 33 ℃, n = 8 gilts, 23 LD samples)conditions for 3 ***: A total of 282 genes were differentially expressed between the Hs and CON groups in female LD muscles(false discovery rate(FDR) ≤ 0.05), whereas no differentially expressed genes were detected in male LD muscles between the two groups(FDR > 0.05). Gestational Hs increased the expression of genes associated with transcription corepressor activity, adipogenesis cascades, negative regulation of angiogenesis and pro-inflammatory signalling in female LD muscles. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed a decreased muscle vascularity density in fetuses from Hs group for both sexes compared to those from the CON group(P = 0.004).Conclusions: These results reveal gilt Hs during early to mid-gestation altered gene expression profiles in fetal LD muscles in a sexually dimorphic manner. The molecular responses, including transcription and angiogenesis repressions and enhanced adipogenesis cascades, were exclusively observed in females. However, the associated reductions in muscle vascularity were observed independently of sexes. Collectively this may indicate female fetal pigs are more adaptive to gestational Hs in terms of gene expression changes, and/or there may be sexually dimorphic differences

关键词： Adipogenesis Angiogenesis Fetal pig Gestation Heat stress sexual dimorphism skeletal muscle sows

Perinatal Listeria monocytogenes susceptibility despite preconceptual priming and maintenance of pathogen-specific CD8^＋ T cells during pregnancy

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第6期11卷 595-605页

作者： Dayna R Clark Vandana Chaturvedi jeremy M Kinder Tony T Jiang Lijun Xin James M Ertelt sing sing Way Division of Infectious Diseases Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH USA

Listeria monocytogenes （Lm） is an intracellular bacterium with unique predisposition for systemic maternal infection during pregnancy and morbid consequences for the developing fetus. Given the high mortality associated with prenatal Lm infection, strategies for augmenting protective immunity during the exceedingly vulnerable period of pregnancy are urgently needed. Herein, protection conferred by attenuated Lm administered before pregnancy against subsequent virulent Lm prenatal infection was evaluated. We show that protection against secondary Lm infection in non-pregnant mice is sharply moderated during allogeneic pregnancy because significantly more bacteria are recovered from maternal tissues, despite the numerical and functional preservation of pathogen-specific CD8^＋ T cells. More importantly, preconceptual priming does not protect against in utero invasion or fetal wastage because mice inoculated with attenuated Lm prior to pregnancy and naive pregnant controls each showed near complete fetal resorption and pathogen recovery from individual concepti after Lm infection during pregnancy. Remarkably, the lack of protection against prenatal Lm infection with preconceptual priming in allogeneic pregnancy is restored during syngeneic pregnancy. Thus, maternal-fetal antigen discordance dictates the ineffectiveness of preconceptual vaccination against fetal complications after prenatal Lm infection, despite the numerical and functional preservation of pathogen-snecific CD8^＋ T cells.

关键词： adaptive immunity Listeria monocytogenes perinatal infection preconceptual vaccination

Low-Load Bench Press Training to Fatigue Results in Muscle Hypertrophy similar to High-Load Bench Press Training

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2013年第2期4卷 114-121页

作者： Riki Ogasawara jeremy P. Loenneke Robert s. Thiebaud Takashi Abe Department of Health and Exercise science University of Oklahoma Norman USA Graduate school of Frontier sciences University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan College of sport and Health science Ritsumeikan University of Tokyo Kusatsu Japan Graduate school of Frontier sciences University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan Department of Health Exercise Science & Recreation Management University of Mississippi Oxford USA

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the training responses observed with low-load resistance exercise to volitional fatigue translates into significant muscle hypertrophy, and compare that response to high-load resistance training. Nine previously untrained men (aged 25 [sD 3] years at the beginning of the study, standing height 1.73 [sD 0.07] m, body mass 68.9 [sD 8.1] kg) completed 6-week of high load-resistance training (HL-RT) (75% of one repeti-tion maximal [1RM], 3-sets, 3x/wk) followed by 12 months of detraining. Following this, subjects completed 6 weeks of low load-resistance training (LL-RT) to volitional fatigue (30% 1 RM, 4 sets, 3x/wk). Increases (p 0.05) in magnetic resonance imaging-measured triceps brachii and pectorals major muscle cross-sectional areas were similar for both HL-RT (11.9% and 17.6%, respectively) and LL-RT (9.8% and 21.1%, respectively). In addition, both groups increased (p 0.05) 1RM and maximal elbow extension strength following training;however, the percent increases in 1RM (8.6% vs. 21.0%) and elbow extension strength (6.5% vs. 13.9%) were significantly (p 0.05) lower with LL-RT. Both protocols elicited similar increases in muscle cross-sectional area, however differences were observed in strength. An explanation of the smaller relative increases in strength may be due to the fact that detraining after HL-RT did not cause strength values to return to baseline levels thereby producing smaller changes in strength. In addition, the results may also suggest that the consistent practice of lifting a heavy load is necessary to maximize gains in muscular strength of the trained movement. These results demonstrate that significant muscle hypertrophy can occur without high-load resistance training and suggests that the focus on percentage of external load as the important deciding factor on muscle hypertrophy is too simplistic and inappropriate.

关键词： Bench Press Training Intensity Muscle CsA MRI strength

数值模式不同分辨率和地形对东亚降水模拟影响的试验

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大气科学 2006年第2期30卷 185-192页

作者：高学杰徐影赵宗慈 jeremy s.PAL Filippo GIORGI 中国气象局气候研究开放实验室国家气候中心北京100081 The Abdus salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste

为探讨东亚地区降水数值模拟中水平分辨率和地形的作用,使用RegCM2区域气候模式,采用不同的模式分辨率和地形,对东亚降水进行对比模拟试验。结果表明,东亚地区降水的模拟效果取决于模式的水平分辨率,模式分辨率越高,模拟的效果越好。使... 详细信息

为探讨东亚地区降水数值模拟中水平分辨率和地形的作用,使用RegCM2区域气候模式,采用不同的模式分辨率和地形,对东亚降水进行对比模拟试验。结果表明,东亚地区降水的模拟效果取决于模式的水平分辨率,模式分辨率越高,模拟的效果越好。使用实际地形的模拟效果好于使用平滑地形的。但同时,使用较高分辨率的平滑地形的模拟,效果好于使用次高分辨率的实际地形的模拟。这表明在东亚地区降水模拟中,分辨率与地形相比,起着至少同样重要的作用。结果指出,对东亚地区降水的模拟而言,使用60 km及以上分辨率可能是必需的。

关键词：东亚降水区域气候模式分辨率地形