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Progression of intervention-focused research for Gulf War illness

Military Medical Research 2020年第1期7卷 104-121页

作者： jeremy E.Chester Mazhgan Rowneki William Van Doren Drew A.Helmer War Related Illness and Injury Study Center Veterans Affairs New Jersey Healthcare System385 Tremont AvenueEast OrangeNJ 07018USA War Related Illness and Injury Study Center Veterans AffairsMedicalCenter50lrvingSt.WashingtonDCNW20422USA Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School185 South Orange AvenueNewarkNJ 07103USA

The Persian Gulf War of 1990 to 1991 involved the deployment of nearly 700,000 American troops to the Middle ***-related exposures to toxic substances such as pesticides,nerve agents,pyridostigmine bromide(PB),smoke from burning oil wells,and petrochemicals may have contributed to medical illness in as many as 250,000 of those American *** cluster of chronic symptoms,now referred to as Gulf War Illness(GWI),has been studied by many researchers over the past two *** over$500 million has been spent on GWI research,to date,no cures or condition-specific treatments have been discovered,and the exact pathophysiology remains *** the 2007 National Institute of Health(NIH)Roadmap for Medical Research model as a reference framework,we reviewed studies of interventions involving GWI patients to assess the progress of treatment-related GWI *** GWI clinical trial studies reviewed involved investigations of existing interventions that have shown efficacy in other diseases with analogous *** reviewing the published and ongoing registered clinical trials for cognitivebehavioral therapy,exercise therapy,acupuncture,coenzyme Q10(CoQ10),mifepristone,and carnosine in GWI patients,we identified only four treatments(cognitive-behavioral therapy,exercise therapy,CoQ10,and mifepristone)that have progressed beyond a phase II *** conclude that progress in the scientific study of therapies for GWI has not followed the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research *** of a standard case definition,prioritized GWI research funding for the characterization of the pathophysiology of the condition,and rapid replication and adaptation of early phase,single site clinical trials could substantially advance research progress and treatment discovery for this condition.

关键词： Gulf War illness Chronic multisymptom illness Gulf War veterans Gulf War syndrome Persian Gulf War Cognitive-behavioral therapy Exercise therapy Acupuncture Coenzyme Q10 Mifepristone Carnosine Mindfulness-based stress reduction

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The Global Role of Kidney Transplantation

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肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志 2012年第1期21卷 1-7页

作者： Guillermo Garcia Garcia Paul Harden jeremy Chapman Nephrology Service Hospital Civil de GuadalajaraUniversity of Guadalajara Health Sciences Center (CUCS)Hospital 278GuadalajaraJal.44280MEXICO Oxford Kidney Unit and Oxford Transplant Centre Churchill HospitalOxfordUnited Kingdom Centre for Transplant and Renal Research Westmead Millennium InstituteSydney UniversityWestmead HospitalSydneyNSW2145Australia

World Kidney Day on March 8th 2012 provides a chance to reflect on the success of kidney transplantation as a therapy for end stage kidney disease that surpasses dialysis treatments both for the quality and quantity of life that it provides and for its cost *** that is both cheaper and better,but is not actually the dominant therapy,must have other drawbacks that prevent replacement of all dialysis treatment by *** barriers to universal transplantation as the therapy for end stage kidney disease include the economic limitations which,in some countries place transplantation,appropriately,at a lower priority than public health fundamentals such as clean water,sanitation and *** in high income countries the technical challenges of surgery and the consequences of immunosuppression restrict the number of suitable recipients,but the major finite restrictions on kidney transplantation rates are the shortage of donated organs and the limited medical,surgical and nursing workforces with the required *** problems have solutions which involve the full range of societal,professional,governmental and political *** Kidney Day is a call to deliver transplantation therapy to the one million people a year who have a right to benefit.

关键词：肾脏病肾移植症状临床研究

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Imaging Excited-State Dynamics in Two-Dimensional Semiconductors with Emerging Ultrafast Measurement Techniques

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Accounts of Materials Research 2021年第2期2卷 75-85页

作者： Joshua Reding Wei Zhang jeremy Allam Advanced Technology Institute University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUnited Kingdom

CONSPECTUS:Two-dimensional halide perovskites(HPs)and monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)are two families of direct band gap semiconductors of particular interest for their unique structural and optoelectronic *** materials confine the motion of charge carriers to a single plane which increases the exciton binding energy,increases the stability of multibody particles,and decreases *** great progress in recent years,the widespread understanding of fundamental properties of these materials is limited by a number of remaining issues including(i)the effects of Rashba splitting and intravalley dynamics on recombination lifetimes;(ii)the effects of passivation of photoinduced and substrate-induced defects on trap state recombination(iii)the contribution of lattice variations and phase transitions on material *** properties influence the material and electronic dynamics on time scales in the range of femtoseconds to nanoseconds,and as such,they require equally fast measurements in order to be *** this perspective,three particular ultrafast pump−probe measurement techniques are highlighted for their ability to provide crucial insights into these unresolved ***-resolved circular dichroism spectroscopy(TRCDS)uses circularly polarized beams to selectively populate and interrogate carriers in spin split valleys,investigate Rashba splitting,and explore valley *** have been mixed results showing Rashba splitting using TRCDS to study pure 2D HPs,though it has successfully shown the splitting in quasi-2D perovskites with an even number of layers and HPs using chiral organic *** monolayer TMDs,it has been used extensively to study spin selective valley dynamics,trion and biexciton dynamics,and now the focus turns to investigating Janus ***-resolved photoemission microscopy uses an ionizing probe beam to eject electrons which are then measured to map defects caused by photoexcitation,subst

关键词： properties. dynamics. splitting

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Design and operational considerations for selective catalytic reduction technologies at coal-fired boilers

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Frontiers in Energy 2012年第1期6卷 98-105页

作者： jeremy J.SCHREIFELS Shuxiao WANG Jiming HAO School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

By the end of 2010, China had approximately 650 GW of coal-fired electric generating capacity producing almost 75% of the country＇s total electricity generation. As a result of the heavy reliance on coal for electricity generation, emissions of air pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides （NOx）, are increasing. To address these growing emissions, the Ministry of Environmental Protection （MEP） has introduced new NOx emission control policies to encourage the installation of selective catalytic reduction （SCR） technologies on a large number of coalfired electric power plants. There is, however, limited experience with SCR in China. It is therefore useful to explore the lessons from the use of SCR technologies in other countries. This paper provides an overview of SCR technology performance at coal-fired electric power plants demonstrating emission removal rates between 65% and 92%. It also reviews the design and operational challenges that, if not addressed, can reduce the reliability, performance, and cost-effectiveness of SCR technologies. These challenges include heterogeneous flue gas conditions, catalyst degradation, ammonia slip, sulfur trioxide （SO3） formation, and fouling and corrosion of plant equipment. As China and the rest of the world work to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, carbon dioxide （CO2） emissions from parasitic load and urea-to-ammonia conversion may also become more important. If these challenges are properly addressed, SCR can reliably and effectively remove up to 90% of NOx emissions at coal-fired power plants.

关键词： nitrogen oxides (NOx) coal selective catalytic reduction (SCR) air pollution control

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Improvements in energy saving and thermal comfort for electric vehicles in summer through coupled electrochromic and radiative cooling smart windows

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Building Simulation 2024年第8期17卷 1231-1251页

作者： Zhoujie Duan Shuangdui Wu Hongli Sun Borong Lin Pei Ding Tao Cui jeremy To Xi Zhang College of Architectureand Environment Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China Department of Building Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China KeyLaboratoryofEco Planning&Green Building MinistryofEducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China School of EmergencyManagement Xihua UniversityChengdu 610039China Department of PSVD Mercedes-benz Group China Ltd.Beijing 100102China

In hot climates,the large amount of cooling load in electric vehicle(EV)results in a lot of battery energy consumption,leading the decrease of driving *** the widespread application of windows in EV,the electrochromic glass(EC)shows great prospect in lowering the cooling ***,researches on the application of EC in EV lack the consideration of both passive cooling measures and passenger comfort,which limits the further application of *** this paper,we proposed an idea combining the novel techniques of both electrochromism and radiative *** fluid dynamics(CFD)is modeled to simulate the application of electrochromic and radiative cooling coupled smart windows in hot parking conditions,exploring the improvement effect of the window on the thermal environment,comfort and energy saving of the *** results indicate that,under the intense sunlight with an outdoor temperature of 33℃,activating the air conditioning to maintain an average interior temperature of 26℃,the coupled windows reduced the cooling capacity of the air conditioning by 762 W compared to regular windows,which can further increase the range of ***,compared to simple electrochromic fully colored glass,the integration of radiative cooling technology can lower the window surface temperature by up to 10.7℃.Moreover,compared to regular windows,the coupled windows lowered the standard effective temperature(SET*)for passengers by approximately 7℃,significantly improving *** research findings are expected to provide guidance for optimizing window design and enhancing the performance of EV.

关键词： electrochromism radiative cooling smart windowel ectric vehicle cabin thermal comfort energy saving

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Role of phenotypic plasticity in morphological differentiation between watersnake populations

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第4期15卷 329-337页

作者： Ian T.CLIFTON jeremy D.CHAMBERLAIN Matthew E.GIFFORD Department of Biology University of Central ArkansasConwayArkansasUSA Department of Biology Southern Arkansas UniversityMagnoliaArkansasUSA Department of Environmental Sciences University of ToledoToledoOhioUSA

An individual’s morphology is shaped by the environmental pressures it experiences,and the resulting morphological response is the culmination of both genetic factors and environmental(non-genetic)conditions experienced early in its life(*** plasticity).The role that phenotypic plasticity plays in shaping phenotypes is important,but evidence for its influence is often *** exposed female neonate diamond-backed watersnakes(Nerodia rhombifer)from populations experiencing different prey-size regimes to different feeding treatments to test the influence of phenotypic plasticity in shaping trophic *** found that snakes in a large-prey treatment from a population frequently encountering large prey exhibited a higher growth rate in body size than individuals in a small-prey treatment from the same *** pattern was not observed in snakes from a population that regularly encounters small *** also found that regardless of treatment,snakes from the smallprey population were smaller at birth than snakes from the large-prey population and remained so throughout the *** results suggest that the ability to plastically respond to environmental pressures may be population*** results also indicate a genetic predisposition towards larger body sizes in a population where large prey items are more common.

关键词： common garden diamond-backed watersnake local adaptation phenotypic plasticity trophic morphology

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Optical haze of transparent and conductive silver nanowire films

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Nano Research 2013年第7期6卷 461-468页

作者： Colin Preston Yunlu Xu Xiaogang Han jeremy N. Munday Liangbing Hu Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Maryland College Park College Park Maryland 20742 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA The Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA

Contemporary nanostructured transparent electrodes for use in solar cells require high transmittance and high conductivity, dictating nanostructures with high aspect ratios. Optical haze is an equally important yet unstudied parameter in transparent electrodes for solar cells that is also determined by the geometry of the nanostructures that compose the electrode. In this work, the effect of the silver nanowire diameter on the optical haze values in the visible spectrum was investigated using films composed of wires with either small diameters （N60 nm） or large diameters （~150 nm）. Finite difference time domain （FDTD） simulations and experimental transmittance data confirm that smaller diameter nanowires form higher performing transparent conducting electrode （TCE） films according to the current figure of merit. While maintaining near constant transmittance and conductivity for each film, however, it was observed experimentally that films composed of silver nanowires with larger diameters have a higher haze factor than films with smaller diameters. This confirms the FDTD simulations of the haze factor for single nanowires with similarly large and small diameters. This is the first record of haze properties for Ag NWs that have been simulated or experimentally measured, and also the first evidence that the current figure of merit for TCEs is insufficient to evaluate their performance in solar cell devices.

关键词： solar cell transparent conducting electrode silver nanowire haze factor light trapping

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Placental accommodations for transport and metabolism during intra-uterine crowding in pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 163-176页

作者： Jeffrey L Vallet Anthony K Mc Neel jeremy R Miles Bradley A Freking U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service U.S. Meat Animal Research CenterState Spur 18D Clay Center NE 68933 USA

Litter size and birth weights are limited by uterine capacity, defined as the ability of the uterus to maintain the appropriate development of some number of conceptuses. Uterine capacity is the result of the combined effects of uterine, placental and embryo/fetal function. The number of living conceptuses that the uterus is capable of supporting is greater during early gestation compared to later gestation. Plots of log fetal weight versus log placental weight also indicate that fetal weights are less sensitive to reduced placental weight （and therefore reduced intrauterine space） in early gestation compared to late gestation. However, even in late gestation, mechanisms still exist that maintain fetal growth when the size of the placenta is reduced. One such mechanism is likely to be improved development of the folded placental-epithelial/maternal-epithelial bilayer. Fold depth, and therefore the maternal fetal interactive surface, increases as gestation advances and is greater in placenta from smal fetuses. On the fetal side of the placenta, the epithelial bilayer is embedded in stromal tissue. Glycosaminoglycans are major components of stroma, including hyaluronan and heparan sulfate. Hyaluronidases and heparanases are present within placental tissues, and likely play roles in modification of stromal components to facilitate fold development. Glycosaminoglycans are polymers of forms of glucose （glucosamine, glucuronic acid, iduronic acid） suggesting that glycosaminoglycan synthesis may compete with the glucose needs of the developing fetus. Pig conceptuses are fructogenic, such that a substantial portion of glucose transferred from mother to fetus is converted to fructose. Fructose is an intermediate product in the synthesis of glucosamine from glucose, and glucosamine is linked to regulation of trophoblast cell proliferation through regulation of mTOR. These findings suggest a link between glucose, fructose, glucosamine synthesis, GAG production, and placental m

关键词： Glycosaminoglycans Nutrient transport Placenta

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The reproductive biology of a Central American cichlid Neetroplus nematopus in Lake Xiloá ,Nicaragua

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 43-51页

作者： Kenneth R.McKAYE jeremy HALE Eric P.van den BERGHE World Wide Fund for Nature Finland Universidad de Centroamericana Department of Mathematics Science and Technology Ave Maria University Latin American Campus

This study was conducted to provide a five-year database on the breeding seasonality and breeding biology of a Central American cichlid fish Neetroplus nematopus, a biparental substratum-spawning cichlid that cares for its eggs, wrigglers, and fry for up to six weeks. A total of 503 breeding pairs were monitored for breeding success. Breeding pairs of N. nematopus are sexually dimorphic in size, with females averaging 39% of male body mass. Fry emerged from 85% of nesting cavities. After three weeks, only 30% of the broods were present in the nesting cavity; these broods had a 30% survival rate, giving a 9% overall survival rate. Nineteen percent of the successful parents with three-week-old broods adopted foreign fry. A consistent unimodal breeding peak in December was observed for five years. This breeding peak differed dramatically from the bimodal breeding season 20 years found in the 1970s. The effects of extensive grenade fishing practices during the 1980s might have played a substantial role in the observed change. Grenade fishing stopped in 1991, and the number ofN. nematopus pairs increased by 136% from 1990 to 1995. With increased density of breeding fish, the breeding season for this species also expanded. The balance between divergent selection due to competition for breeding sites and stabilizing selection due to predation pressure on offspring is likely to mold the breeding season for N. nematopus and other cichlids of Lake Xilofi. We suggest that brood adoption and synchrony of breeding is a strategy to reduce predation on the parent＇s own young [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 43-51 2010].

关键词： Nicaragua Cichlids Breeding Reproduction Synchrony Seasonality

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England in the age of Shakespeare

England in the age of Shakespeare

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作者： jeremy Black.

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