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Long-term irritable bowel syndrome symptom control with reintroduction of selected FODMAps

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第25期23卷 4632-4643页

作者： Ruth M Harvie Alexandra W Chisholm Jordan E Bisanz jeremy p burton peter Herbison Kim Schultz Michael Schultz Department of Medicine Dunedin School of MedicineUniversity of Otago Department of Human Nutrition University of Otago Departments of Surgery and Microbiology&Immunology Western UniversityOntario Department of preventative and Social Medicine University of Otago

To investigate the long-term effect of dietary education on a low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide and polyol (FODMAp) diet on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms and quality of life (QoL). METHODSparticipants with IBS (Rome III) were randomized to two groups. Group I commenced a low FODMAp diet at baseline. At three months, group II, so far a comparator group, crossed over to a low FODMAp diet while group I started re-challenging foods. All patients completed the IBS SSS (IBS symptom severity scoring system, 0-500 points increasing with severity), IBS QoL questionnaire (0-100 increasing with QoL), a FODMAp specific food frequency questionnaire and provided a stool sample at baseline, three and six months for microbiome analysis. RESULTSFifty participants were enrolled into group I (n = 23) or group II (n = 27). participants in both groups were similar in baseline values but with more men in group I. There was a significantly lower IBS SSS (275.6 ± 63.6 to 128.8 ± 82.5 vs 246.8 ± 71.1 to 203.6 ± 70.1) (p p p I vs group II at 3 mo. The reduced IBS SSS was sustained at 6 mo in group I (160 ± 102) and replicated in group II (124 ± 76). Fiber intake decreased on the low FODMAp diet (33 ± 17 g/d to 21 ± 8 g/d) (p p containing foods increased again to 27 ± 9 g/d. There was no change seen in the intestinal microbiome when participants adopted a low FODMAp diet. CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that a reduction in FODMAps improves symptoms in IBS and this improvement can be maintained while reintroducing FODMAps.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome FODMAp Short chain fermentable carbohydrates Microbiota Diet Microbiome

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Waveguide-based augmented reality displays: a highlight

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 10-12页

作者： Jannick p.Rolland jeremy Goodsell Institute of Optics University of Rochester480 Intercampus DriveRochesterNY14627USA Center for Freeform Optics University of RochesterRochesterNY14627USA Center for Visual Science University of RochesterRochesterNY14627USA

Augmented reality(AR),which emerged in the 1960s,remains a focal point of interest given its capacity to overlay the real world with digitally presented information through optical *** prevalent combiner,commonly known as the waveguide in the AR literature,is prized for its compact design and generous eyebox—essential elements in human-centric ***,these combiners encounter unique challenges in meeting various other requirements of the human visual *** paper highlights a recent review of technological advancements and presents a forward-looking perspective on the future of AR technology.

关键词： waveguide Waveguide looking

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predictive modelling of ferroelectric tunnel junctions

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npj Computational Materials 2016年第1期2卷 150-162页

作者： Julian p Velev John D burton Mikhail Ye Zhuravlev Evgeny Y Tsymbal Department of physics and Astronomy University of NebraskaLincolnNEUSA Department of physics and Astronomy University of Puerto RicoSan JuanPuerto RicoUSA Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience University of NebraskaLincolnNEUSA Kurnakov Institute for General and Inorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences St Petersburg State UniversitySt PetersburgRussia

Ferroelectric tunnel junctions combine the phenomena of quantum-mechanical tunnelling and switchable spontaneous polarisation of a nanometre-thick ferroelectric film into novel device *** the ferroelectric barrier polarisation direction produces a sizable change in resistance of the junction—a phenomenon known as the tunnelling electroresistance *** a fundamental perspective,ferroelectric tunnel junctions and their version with ferromagnetic electrodes,i.e.,multiferroic tunnel junctions,are testbeds for studying the underlying mechanisms of tunnelling electroresistance as well as the interplay between electric and magnetic degrees of freedom and their effect on *** a practical perspective,ferroelectric tunnel junctions hold promise for disruptive device *** a very short time,they have traversed the path from basic model predictions to prototypes for novel non-volatile ferroelectric random access memories with non-destructive *** remarkable progress is to a large extent driven by a productive cycle of predictive modelling and innovative experimental *** this review article,we outline the development of the ferroelectric tunnel junction concept and the role of theoretical modelling in guiding experimental *** discuss a wide range of physical phenomena that control the functional properties of ferroelectric tunnel junctions and summarise the state-of-the-art achievements in the field.

关键词： ferroelectric tunnel resistance

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Ecological succession following forest decline in a xeric oak forest of south-central United States

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Journal of plant Ecology 2016年第4期9卷 402-409页

作者： Devin p.Bendixsen Stephen W.Hallgren Jesse A.burton Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management Oklahoma State University008 Ag HallStillwaterOK 74074USA present address:Department of Biomolecular Sciences Boise State University1357 S.Brady St.BoiseID 83725USA present address:National park Service 2680 Natchez Trace PkwyTupeloMS 38804USA

Aims The loss of canopy trees associated with forest decline can greatly influence the species composition and structure of a forest and have major impacts on the *** studied the changes in forest composition and structure 1 and 5 years following nearly total canopy mortality on several hundreds of hectares of xeric oak forests in south-central United *** the forests were within an ecotonal vegetation type composed of a mosaic of forest,savanna and grassland,we sought to learn whether forest decline areas would recover to forest or change to more open savanna and grassland conditions in the landscape pattern of *** low intensity fire shaped the vegetation type,we sought to learn whether fire would keep the decline areas *** The study was conducted in a xeric oak forest in east-central Oklahoma,*** located vegetation and regeneration surveys were conducted in decline and non-decline stands 1 and 5 years following nearly total canopy *** at breast height(DBH),regeneration and sprout origin were recorded for all woody *** FindingsThe major canopy species post oak(Quercus stellata Wangenh.),blackjack oak(Quercus marilandica Muenchh.)and black hickory(Carya texana Buckl.)suffered 85-92%mortality;however,minor canopy components experienced limited *** affected all size classes of canopy trees except those below 5 cm breast height *** was abundant regeneration of all species and fire seemed to maintain a high level of *** appeared to decrease the relative importance of stump sprouting and increase other types including root *** areas had abundant true seedlings,with stem origin from a root with the same diameter as the stem,which is very unusual for xeric oak *** height in decline areas was twice that of non-decline *** findings suggest that forest decline may lead to:(i)reduced oak dominance and species change in t

关键词： oak decline prescribed fire seedling stump sprouts drought

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The interaction of versican with its binding partners

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Cell Research 2005年第7期15卷 483-494页

作者： David p. LA pIERRE,Albert J. YEE,burton B. YANG Sunnybrook & Women’s College Health Sciences Centre 2075 Bayview Avenue Toronto M4N 3M5 Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and pathobiology University of Toronto Canada Sunnybrook & Women’s College Health Sciences Centre 2075 Bayview Avenue Toronto M4N 3M5 Canada Sunnybrook & Women’s College Health Sciences Centre 2075 Bayview Avenue Toronto M4N 3M5 Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and pathobiology University of Toronto Canada

Versican belongs to the family of the large aggregating chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans located primarily within theextracellular matrix (ECM). Versican, like other members of its family, has unique N- and C-terminal globular regions,each with multiple motifs. A large glycosaminoglycan-binding region lies between them. This review will begin byoutlining these structures, in the context of ECM proteoglycans. The diverse binding partners afforded to versican byvirtue of its modular design will then be examined. These include ECM components, such as hyaluronan, type Icollagen, tenascin-R, fibulin-1, and -2, fibrillin-1, fibronectin, p- and L-selectins, and chemokines. Versican also binds tothe cell surface proteins CD44, integrin β1, epidermal growth factor receptor, and p-selectin glycoprotein *** multiple interactors play important roles in cell behaviour, and the roles of versican in modulating such processesare discussed.

关键词： extracellular matrix proteoglycan G3 domain glycosaminoglycan interaction.

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A phantom gallbladder on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第46期13卷 6274-6276页

作者： jeremy Rochester Caroline K Messer Bruce p Reiter Mark A Korsten Gastroenterology and Radiology programs James J.Peters VA Medical CenterBronxNY 10468Montefiore Medical CenterBronxNYMount Sinai School of MedicineNew YorkNY and Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew York 10468United States

Various complications have been related to laparoscopic cholecystectomy but most occur shortly after the procedure. In this report, we present a case with very late complications in which an abscess developed within the gallbladder fossa 6 years after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The abscess resolved after treatment with CT-guided extrahepatic aspiration. However, 4 years later, an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCp） performed for choledocholithiasis demonstrated a “gallbladder” which communicated with the common bile duct via a patent cystic duct. This unique case indicates that a cystic duct stump may communicate with the gallbladder fossa many years following cholecystectomy.

关键词： Laparoscopic cholecystectomy Complication Abscess Gallbladder Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography

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The reproductive biology of a Central American cichlid Neetroplus nematopus in Lake Xiloá ,Nicaragua

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 43-51页

作者： Kenneth R.McKAYE jeremy HALE Eric p.van den BERGHE World Wide Fund for Nature Finland Universidad de Centroamericana Department of Mathematics Science and Technology Ave Maria University Latin American Campus

This study was conducted to provide a five-year database on the breeding seasonality and breeding biology of a Central American cichlid fish Neetroplus nematopus, a biparental substratum-spawning cichlid that cares for its eggs, wrigglers, and fry for up to six weeks. A total of 503 breeding pairs were monitored for breeding success. Breeding pairs of N. nematopus are sexually dimorphic in size, with females averaging 39% of male body mass. Fry emerged from 85% of nesting cavities. After three weeks, only 30% of the broods were present in the nesting cavity; these broods had a 30% survival rate, giving a 9% overall survival rate. Nineteen percent of the successful parents with three-week-old broods adopted foreign fry. A consistent unimodal breeding peak in December was observed for five years. This breeding peak differed dramatically from the bimodal breeding season 20 years found in the 1970s. The effects of extensive grenade fishing practices during the 1980s might have played a substantial role in the observed change. Grenade fishing stopped in 1991, and the number ofN. nematopus pairs increased by 136% from 1990 to 1995. With increased density of breeding fish, the breeding season for this species also expanded. The balance between divergent selection due to competition for breeding sites and stabilizing selection due to predation pressure on offspring is likely to mold the breeding season for N. nematopus and other cichlids of Lake Xilofi. We suggest that brood adoption and synchrony of breeding is a strategy to reduce predation on the parent＇s own young [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 43-51 2010].

关键词： Nicaragua Cichlids Breeding Reproduction Synchrony Seasonality

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Chest Radiography and Echocardiography predictors of Early Hemodialysis Catheter Dysfunction

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Open Journal of Radiology 2012年第3期2卷 57-64页

作者： Kirsteen burton jeremy O'Brien Dheeraj Rajan McGill University Montreal Canada University of Toronto Toronto Canada

purpose: To determine whether radiographic heart morphology and echocardiography findings were associated with early central venous catheter (CVC) failure in hemodialysis patients. Materials & Methods: All hemodialysis catheter insertions between 1996-2007 were captured in a combined nephrology radiology database. Factors were identified that may be associated with early catheter failure. Factors examined included: echocardiography findings, radiographic evidence of flattened heart border, boot-shaped heart and left ventricular hypertrophy as well as patient comorbidities and peri-procedural characteristics. Results: Of the 132 CVC failures in 132 patients, 67 (50.8%) occurred within 30 days of insertion. Early CVC failure was more likely to occur in patients who had insertions from the left side (?2, p = 0.020) and with catheter tip position outside the cavoatrial junction (?2, p = 0.040). CVC failure rates also differed by year of placement (?2, p patient had evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (?2, p = 0.030), left systolic dysfunction (?2, p = 0.030), and hypokinetic right wall mechanics (?2, p phic findings of left ventricular hypertrophy and echocardiography findings of left systolic dysfunction were found to be associated with early failure.

关键词： Dialysis Interventional Radiology Echocardiography

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pancreatic cancer and its stroma: A conspiracy theory

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第32期20卷 11216-11229页

作者： Zhihong Xu Srinivasa p pothula jeremy S Wilson Minoti V Apte pancreatic Research Group South Western Sydney Clinical School Faculty of Medicine The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2170 Australia Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research SydneyNSW 2170 Australia

pancreatic cancer is characterised by a prominent desmoplastic/stromal reaction that has received little attention until recent times. Given that treatments focusing on pancreatic cancer cells alone have failed to significantly improve patient outcome over many decades, research efforts have now moved to understanding the pathophysiology of the stromal reaction and its role in cancer progression. In this regard, our Group was the first to identify the cells(pancreatic stellate cells, pSCs) that produced the collagenous stroma of pancreatic cancer and to demonstrate that these cells interacted closely with cancer cells to facilitate local tumour growth and distant metastasis. Evidence is accumulating to indicate that stromal pSCs may also mediate angiogenesis, immune evasion and the well known resistance of pancreatic cancer to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This review will summarise current knowledge regarding the critical role of pancreatic stellate cells and the stroma in pancreatic cancer biologyand the therapeutic approaches being developed to target the stroma in a bid to improve the outcome of this devastating disease.

关键词： pancreatic cancer Stromal reaction Tumour-stroma interactions pancreatic stellate cells Metastasis

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STAT3 mediates C6-ceramide-induced cell death in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2017年第1期2卷 61-72页

作者： Ushma A Doshi jeremy Shaw Todd E Fox David F Claxton Thomas p Loughran Mark Kester Department of pharmacology Penn State College of MedicineHersheyPAUSA Department of Experimental pathology University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA Department of pharmacology University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA Division of Hematology and Oncology Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center and College of MedicineHersheyPAUSA Department of Medicine University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA NanoSTAR Institute University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA

The pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL)is poorly understood and it remains incurable with current *** have previously shown that nanoliposomal C6-ceramide(CNL)is an effective therapy in an in vivo murine model of ***,the key signaling pathways mediating CNL-induced cell death in CLL remains *** hypothesized that CNL targets STAT3,a critical regulator of hematopoietic *** observed that CNL treatment reduced phosphorylated STAT3 at both Y705 and S727 residues in CLL cell lines and patient ***,in turn,reduced STAT3 transcriptional activity and expression of critical STAT3-dependent survival factors like Mcl-1 and *** effect of CNL on STAT3 was further confirmed ex vivo as shown by reduced STAT3 phosphorylation in xenograft tumors obtained from mice treated with *** suppressed STAT3 phosphorylation at Y705 and S727 through reduction in BTK activity and MEK1/2 kinase/pKC activities,***,a synergistic reduction in CLL cell viability was observed on co-treatment with CNL and the BTK inhibitor,*** of an oncogenic form of STAT3 conferred partial resistance to CNL,providing confirmation that STAT3 mediates CNL-induced cell *** together,these findings provide the first body of evidence demonstrating ceramide regulation of STAT3 *** results are also the first to demonstrate an effect of ceramide on BTK,a critical kinase mediating the B-cell receptor signaling in CLL cells and suggest a novel and synergistic combination of CNL and BTK inhibitors for CLL treatment.

关键词： STAT3 lymphocytic media

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