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Scalable orthogonal delay-division multiplexed OEO artificial neural network trained for TI-ADC equalization

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Photonics Research 2024年第1期12卷 85-105页

作者： ANDREA ZAZZI ARKA DIPTA DAS LUKAS HüSSEN RENATO NEGRA jeremy WITZENS Institute of Integrated Photonics RWTH Aachen University52074 AachenGermany Chair of High-Frequency Electronics RWTH Aachen University52074 AachenGermany

We propose a new signaling scheme for on-chip optical-electrical-optical artificial neural networks that utilizes orthogonal delay-division multiplexing and pilot-tone-based self-homodyne detection.This scheme offers a more efficient scaling of the optical power budget with increasing network complexity.Our simulations,based on220 nm silicon-on-insulator silicon photonics technology,suggest that the network can support 31×31 neurons,with 961 links and freely programmable weights,using a single 500 m W optical comb and a signal-to-noise ratio of 21.3 d B per neuron.Moreover,it features a low sensitivity to temperature fluctuations,ensuring that it can be operated outside of a laboratory environment.We demonstrate the network’s effectiveness in nonlinear equalization tasks by training it to equalize a time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter(ADC)architecture,achieving an effective number of bits over 4 over the entire 75 GHz ADC bandwidth.We anticipate that this network architecture will enable broadband and low latency nonlinear signal processing in practical settings such as ultra-broadband data converters and real-time control systems.

关键词： network delay artificial

Waveguide-based augmented reality displays: a highlight

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 10-12页

作者： Jannick P.Rolland jeremy Goodsell Institute of Optics University of Rochester480 Intercampus DriveRochesterNY14627USA Center for Freeform Optics University of RochesterRochesterNY14627USA Center for Visual Science University of RochesterRochesterNY14627USA

Augmented reality(AR),which emerged in the 1960s,remains a focal point of interest given its capacity to overlay the real world with digitally presented information through optical combiners.The prevalent combiner,commonly known as the waveguide in the AR literature,is prized for its compact design and generous eyebox—essential elements in human-centric technology.Nonetheless,these combiners encounter unique challenges in meeting various other requirements of the human visual system.This paper highlights a recent review of technological advancements and presents a forward-looking perspective on the future of AR technology.

关键词： waveguide Waveguide looking

Combinatorial Optimization of Physics Parameterization Schemes for Typhoon Simulation Based on a Simple Genetic Algorithm(SGA)

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第1期38卷 10-26页

作者： Zebin LU Jianjun XU Zhiqiang CHEN Jinyi YANG jeremy Cheuk-Hin LEUNG Daosheng XU Banglin ZHANG China Meteorological Administration–Guangdong Ocean University Joint Laboratory for Marine Meteorology South China Sea Institute of Marine MeteorologyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088 College of Ocean and Meteorology Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088 Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction China Meteorological AdministrationGuangzhou 510640 Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University Shenzhen 518120 College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000

Each physical process in a numerical weather prediction(NWP)system may have many different parameterization schemes.Early studies have shown that the performance of different physical parameterization schemes varies with the weather situation to be simulated.Thus,it is necessary to select a suitable combination of physical parameterization schemes according to the variation of weather systems.However,it is rather difficult to identify an optimal combination among millions of possible parameterization scheme combinations.This study applied a simple genetic algorithm(SGA)to optimizing the combination of parameterization schemes in NWP models for typhoon forecasting.The feasibility of SGA was verified with the simulation of Typhoon Mujigae(2015)by using the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model and Typhoon Higos(2020)by using the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport(COAWST)modeling system.The results show that SGA can efficiently obtain the optimal combination of schemes.For Typhoon Mujigae(2015),the optimal combination can be found from the 1,304,576 possible combinations by running only 488 trials.Similar results can be obtained for Typhoon Higos(2020).Compared to the default combination proposed by the COAWST model system,the optimal combination scheme significantly improves the simulation of typhoon track and intensity.This study provides a feasible way to search for the optimal combinations of physical parameterization schemes in WRF and COAWST for more accurate typhoon simulation.This can help provide references for future development of NWP models,and for analyzing the coordination and adaptability of different physical process parameterization schemes under specific weather backgrounds.

关键词： simple genetic algorithm(SGA) combinatorial optimization typhoon forecast numerical weather prediction(NWP)

Risk of colorectal cancer in patients with diverticular disease

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2018年第6期9卷 119-122页

作者： jeremy meyer Nicolas Christian Buchs Frédéric Ris Division of Digestive Surgery University Hospitals of Geneva

Colorectal cancer constitutes an important burden on the healthcare system. Screening at-risk populations to reduce colorectal cancer-related morbidity and mortality has become part of good clinical practice. However, recommendations regarding subgroups of patients with diverticular disease are subject to controversy. Herein, we review the most recent literature regarding the prevalence of colorectal cancer in patients with diverticular disease, diverticulitis and uncomplicated diverticulitis. The recent literature does not identify diverticular disease as a long-term risk factor for colorectal cancer. However, the risk of colorectal cancer is increased in the short-term period after hospitalization related to diverticular disease. According to a recent systematic review and meta-analysis, the prevalence of colorectal cancer is 1.6% in patients with acute diverticulitis who underwent colonoscopy. The risk of having colorectal cancer after an episode of acute diverticulitis is 44-fold higher than that of an age-and gender-adjusted reference population. Despite lower among patients with uncomplicated episode, the risk of colorectal cancer remains 40-fold higher in that subpopulation than that in the reference population. To conclude, the recent literature describes an increased risk of colorectal cancer among patients with acute diverticulitis compared to the reference population. Colonoscopy is therefore recommended in patients with diverticulitis to exclude colorectal cancer.

关键词： Diverticulosis Diverticulitis Colonoscopy Screening Tumor Risk factor

Cell-free DNA liquid biopsy for early detection of gastrointestinal cancers:A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第11期13卷 1799-1812页

作者： Isabelle Uhe Monika Elisabeth Hagen Frederic Ris jeremy meyer Christian Toso Jonathan Douissard Abdominal Surgery Division Geneva University HospitalsGeneva 1211Switzerland

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal tumors are among the most common cancer types,and early detection is paramount to improve their management.Cell-free DNA(cfDNA)liquid biopsy raises significant hopes for non-invasive early detection.AIM To describe current applications of this technology for gastrointestinal cancer detection and screening.METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed across the PubMed database.Articles reporting the use of cfDNA liquid biopsy in the screening or diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers were included in the analysis.RESULTS A total of 263 articles were screened for eligibility,of which 13 articles were included.Studies investigated colorectal cancer(5 studies),pancreatic cancer(2 studies),hepatocellular carcinoma(3 studies),and multi-cancer detection(3 studies),including gastric,oesophageal,or bile duct cancer,representing a total of 4824 patients.Test sensitivities ranged from 71% to 100%,and specificities ranged from 67.4% to 100%.Pre-cancerous lesions detection was less performant with a sensitivity of 16.9% and a 100% specificity in one study.Another study using a large biobank demonstrated a 94.9% sensitivity in detecting cancer up to 4 years before clinical symptoms,with a 61% accuracy in tissue-of-origin identification.CONCLUSION cfDNA liquid biopsy seems capable of detecting gastrointestinal cancers at an early stage of development in a non-invasive and repeatable manner and screening simultaneously for multiple cancer types in a single blood sample.Further trials in clinically relevant settings are required to determine the exact place of this technology in gastrointestinal cancer screening and diagnosis strategies.

关键词： Cell-free DNA Tumor DNA Liquid biopsy Next-generation sequencing Cancer genomics Pancreatic cancer Colorectal cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma Multicancer detection Cancer screening Public health Precision oncology

Lateral lymph node dissection for low rectal cancer: Is it necessary?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第31期25卷 4294-4299页

作者： Niki Christou jeremy meyer Christian Toso Frédéric Ris Nicolas Christian Buchs Service de Chirurgie Digestive Endocrinienne et GénéraleCHU de LimogesLimoges Cedex 87042France Division of Digestive Surgery University Hospitals of GenevaGenève 1211Switzerland Unit of Surgical Research University of GenevaGenève 1206Switzerland

Rectal cancer constitutes a major public health issue.Total mesorectal excision has remained the gold standard treatment for mid and low rectal tumors since its introduction in the late 1980s.Removal of all lymph nodes located in the mesorectum has indeed improved pathological and oncological outcomes.However,when cancer spreads to the lateral lymph nodes(located along the iliac and obturator arteries)Western and Japanese practices differ.Where the Western guidelines consider this condition as an advanced form of the disease and use neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy liberally,the Japanese guidelines define it as a local disease and proceed to lateral lymph node dissection with or without neoadjuvant treatment.Herein,we review the current literature regarding both therapeutic strategies,with the aim of contributing to potential improvements in treatment and outcome for patients with low and mid rectal cancer.

关键词： Total mesorectum excision Mesorectal resection Lateral node metastasis Extended lymphadenectomy

Utilization of RNA sequencing to investigate olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps:A pilot study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 29-36页

作者： Jorge A.Gutierrez III jeremy L.Barth Rodney J.Schlosser Thomas S.Edwards Timothy L.Smith Zachary M.Soler Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Department of Regenerative Medicine&Cell Biology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA

Objectives:Prior research on olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)has focused on patients with polyps and suggests that direct inflammation of the olfactory cleft mucosa plays a contributory role.The purpose of this study was to evaluate gene expression in superior turbinate mucosal specimens,comparing normosmic and dysosmic CRS patients without polyps(CRSsNP).Methods:Tissue samples were obtained from the superior turbinates of patients with CRSsNP at the time of endoscopic sinus surgery.Samples subsequently underwent RNA sequencing and functional analysis to investigate biological pathways associated with differentially expressed genes between dysosmic(n=7)and normosmic(n=4)patients.Results:Differential gene expression analysis comparing dysosmic and normosmic CRSsNP patients showed upregulation of 563 genes and downregulation of 327 genes.Using stringent criteria for multiple comparisons,one upregulated gene(Immediate Early Response 3[IER3])had an false discovery rate(FDR)correction adjustedP value considered statistically significant(P<0.001,fold change 2.69).Reactome functional analysis revealed eight biological pathways significantly different between dysosmic and normosmic patients(P<0.05,FDR correction)including IL-4 and IL-13 signaling,IL-10 signaling,and rhodopsin-like receptors.Conclusions:RNA sequencing of the superior turbinates in patients with CRSsNP can provide valuable information regarding biological pathways and genes involved in olfactory dysfunction.This study supports literature suggesting that Type 2 inflammation may play a role in olfactory dysfunction in at least some patients with CRSsNP.This study also prompts questions regarding the role of IL-10,rhodopsin-like receptors,andIER3 in the pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction.

关键词： chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps olfactory dysfunction RNA sequencing

Role of near-infrared fluorescence in colorectal surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第31期27卷 5189-5200页

作者： Elodie Zocola jeremy meyer Niki Christou Emilie Liot Christian Toso Nicolas Christian Buchs Frederic Ris Medical School University of GenevaGenève 1205Switzerland Division of Digestive Surgery University Hospitals of GenevaGenève 1205Switzerland Service de Chirurgie Digestive Endocrinienne et GénéraleCHU de LimogesLimoges Cedex 87025France

Near-infrared fluorescence(NIRF)is a technique of augmented reality that,when applied in the operating theatre,allows the colorectal surgeon to visualize and assess bowel vascularization,to identify lymph nodes draini... 详细信息

关键词： Fluorescence Enhanced reality Anastomotic leak Ureter Anastomosis

Reducing anastomotic leak in colorectal surgery: The old dogmas and the new challenges

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第34期25卷 5017-5025页

作者： jeremy meyer Surennaidoo Naiken Niki Christou Emilie Liot Christian Toso Nicolas Christian Buchs Frédéric Ris Division of Digestive Surgery University Hospitals of Geneva

Anastomotic leak(AL)constitutes a significant issue in colorectal surgery,and its incidence has remained stable over the last years.The use of intra-abdominal drain or the use of mechanical bowel preparation alone have been proven to be useless in preventing AL and should be abandoned.The role or oral antibiotics preparation regimens should be clarified and compared to other routes of administration,such as the intravenous route or enema.In parallel,preoperative antibiotherapy should aim at targeting collagenase-inducing pathogens,as identified by the microbiome analysis.AL can be further reduced by fluorescence angiography,which leads to significant intraoperative changes in surgical strategies.Implementation of fluorescence angiography should be encouraged.Progress made in AL comprehension and prevention might probably allow reducing the rate of diverting stoma and conduct to a revision of its indications.

关键词： Anastomotic leakage Rectal surgery Colic surgery Prevention Surgical site infection Anastomosis Complication