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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第5期16卷 335-341页

作者： jeremiah oshiomame unuofin Gloria Aderonke Otunola Anthony Jide Afolayan Medicinal Plants and Economic Development Research Centre Department of BotanyUniversity of Fort Hare

Objective： This study investigated the acute and subacute toxicity of whole-plant aqueous extract of Vernonia mespilifolia Less. （AEVM） in rats for evaluating its safety profile. Methods： AEVM for the acute （2000 and 5000 mg/kg） and subacute （200, 400 and 600 mg/kg） toxicity studies was administered orally to rats according the guidelines 425 and 407 of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, respectively. Food and water intake as well as body and organ weight of animals were recorded. Signs of toxicity were assessed, and hematological, biochemical and histopathological analyses were performed. Results： In the acute toxicity study, a single dose of the aqueous extract at 2000 or 5000 mg/kg caused no mortality in the animals, suggesting that the median lethal dose is greater than 5000 mg/kg. In the subacute toxicity study, administration of the extract for 28 d, at all doses, caused no significant changes in the body weights or organ weights of rats in the treated groups when compared with the control group. In addition, hematological and biochemical parameters also revealed no toxic effects of the extract on rats. Histological sections of the heart, liver and kidney from test animals showed no signs of degen- eration. Conclusion： These results showed that AEVM at dosage levels up to 600 mg/kg is nontoxic and could also offer protection on some body tissues. AEVM could, therefore, be considered safe.

关键词： Vemonia mespilifolia Less Biochemical parameters Acute toxicity Hematological parameters Subacute toxicity

Phytochemical screening and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Kedrostis africana(L.)Cogn

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第10期7卷 901-908页

作者： jeremiah oshiomame unuofin Gloria Aderonke Otunola Anthony Jide Afolayan Medicinal Plants and Economic Development Research Centre Department of BotanyUniversity of Fort HareAlice 5700 South Africa

Objective: To investigate phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Kedrostis africana(K. africana).Methods: Dried tubers of K. africana were extracted in acetone, water and ethanol. The total phenol, flavonoid, proanthocyanidin and tannin contents were determined spectrometrically. The antioxidant activity was examined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl,2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide assays. The antimicrobial activity was determined by agar dilution method using minimum inhibitory concentration against 3 g positive and three gram negative strains while four fungal strains were also ***: Total phenol, flavonoids, proanthocyanidin and tannin contents ranged from(5.32 ± 0.01) to(10.51 ± 0.01) mg GAE/g;(42.58 ± 0.02) to(529.23 ± 0.01) mg QE/g;(15.05 ± 0.00) to(585.64 ± 0.00) mg CE/g and(0.301 ± 0.010) to(0.937 ± 0.000) mg TAE/g, respectively. The IC_(50) values of the ethanol extract for 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and hydrogen peroxide were 0.054 and 0.057 mg/mL,respectively, aqueous extract had an IC_(50) value of 0.135 7 mg/mL for nitric oxide while the acetone extract had an IC_(50) value of 0.300 mg/mL for 2,*** ethanol extract demonstrated effective antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogenic species with minimum inhibitory concentrations values ranging from 2.5–5.0 mg/mL for bacteria and(0.312 5–5.000 0) mg/mL for fungi, ***: The tuber of K. africana showed potent free radical scavenging property and antimicrobial activity.

关键词： Agar dilution Antimicrobial activity Radical scavenging activity Total phenolics Total flavonoid

Nutritional evaluation of Kedrostis africana (L.) Cogn:An edible wild plant of South Africa

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第5期7卷 443-449页

作者： jeremiah oshiomame unuofin Gloria Aderonke Otunola Anthony Jide Afolayan Medicinal Plants and Economic Development(MPED)Research Centre Department of BotanyUniversity of Fort HareAlice 5700South Africa

Objective:To evaluate the nutritional composition and elemental constituents of Kedrostis africana and their safety ***:Proximate parameters(moisture,ash,crude fibre,crude fat,proteins,and carbohydrate and energy) were evaluated using ALASA methods,and elemental analysis by ICP-OES ***:The results from nutritional analysis showed that the tuber used for this study had a low content of crude fat and high content of ash,crude protein,crude fibre,carbohydrate and energy having the recommended dietary *** tuber was rich in major minerals Na,K,Ca and Mg,there was sufficient amount of trace elements Fe,Cu,and Zn while the anti-nutrients oxalate,phytate,alkaloids,and saponins were detected in amounts that are not harmful according to Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health ***:The outcome of this study suggests that this wild plant has very good nutritional potentials to meet the recommended dietary allowance and it could be a cheap source of essential nutrients that may ameliorate most nutritional challenges and can contribute remarkably to the amount of nutrient intake in human and animal diet.

关键词： Kedrostis africana Proximate analysis Nutritional value ICP-OES Edible wild plant

Effects of irrigation and weed-control methods on growth of weed and rice

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2014年第5期7卷 22-33页

作者： Jacob jeremiah Towa Guo Xiangping Key Laboratory of High-Effective Irrigation and Drainage and Agricultural Water and Soil Environment in Southern China Ministry of EducationHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Irrigation and Technical Services Division Ministry of AgricultureFood Security and CooperativeDar es Salaama9192Tanzania

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of weeds control methods and an irrigation model on rice growth as well as water consumption and weed quantity in the paddy *** conventional paddy rice production,one of the most important irrigated crops,a significant amount of irrigation water is lost due to percolation and evaporation.A new irrigation model called the Rain-Catching and Controlled Irrigation(RCCI)model has been developed as a viable water-saving technology in the production of paddy *** this study the performance of the RCCI model has been analyzed under mulching,hand weeding and weedy conditions in Jiangsu Province of *** experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design(RCBD)with three replications and nine *** three replicates consisted of three water management regimes:high dry high flooding(HD-HF),high dry low flooding(HD-LF),and shallow and frequent irrigation(SF)water *** RCCI model was adopted in HD-HF and HD-LF while Flooding Irrigation(CFI)was adopted in SF as a *** nine treatments were equally divided under mulching,hand weeding and weedy *** lowest and maximum irrigation water delivery was 244.86 mm in mulching and 429.22 mm in hand weeding,respectively at *** the lowest and maximum irrigation water delivery was 300.1 mm in the mulching field and 680.72 mm under hand weeding,respectively at *** Nanjing 44 rice variety was *** was observed that weed density and dry weight were significantly influenced by the amount of irrigation water in all the mulching,hand weeding and weedy *** yield and the number of irrigations,the RCCI model produced better results than *** under RCCI was an effective method to control weeds and reduce labor *** addition,mulching decreases the use of herbicides and the risk of *** the other hand,mulching could improve yield and save water.

关键词： irrigation weed control mulching hand weeding RCCI weed population agronomy traits paddy rice

Detecting SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing immunity: highlighting the potential of split nanoluciferase technology

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2022年第4期14卷 27-38页

作者： Sundararaj Stanleyraj jeremiah Kei Miyakawa Akihide Ryo Department of Microbiology Yokohama City University School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004 Japan

The coronavirus disease 2019(covID-19)pandemic has progressed over 2 years since its onset causing significant health concerns all over the world and is currently curtailed by mass *** acquired against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)can be following either infection or ***,one can never be sure whether the acquired immunity is adequate to protect the individual from subsequent infection because of three important factors:individual variations in humoral response dynamics,waning of protective antibodies over time,and the emergence of immune escape ***,a test that can accurately dfferentiate the protected from the vulnerable is the need of the *** plaque reduction neutralization assay is the conventional gold standard test for estimating the titers of neutralizing antibodies that confer ***,it has got several drawbacks,which hinder the practical application of this test for wide-scale ***,various tests have been developed to detect protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 that directly or indirectly assess the presence of neutralizing antibodies to SARS-Cov-2 in a lower biosafety *** this review,the pros and cons of the currently available assays are elaborated in detail and special focus is put on the scope of the novel split nanoluciferase technology for detecting SARS-CovV-2 neutralizing antibodies.

关键词： CoviD-19 neutralizing antibody immune escape surrogate virus neutralization test split nanoluciferase viruslike particles immunity passport

Controlling the orientation of hole transport molecules in bottlebrush polymers for enhanced OLED performance

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Aggregate 2022年第5期3卷 1-2页

作者： Ho Fung Cheng jeremiah A.Johnson Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA

Organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)have been widely applied in lighting and display *** performance of OLED devices depends on not only material composition but also the packing and morphology of each functional *** effort has been devoted to control the alignment of charge transport functionalities to achieve a higher OLED efficiency by lowering the hole-injection barrier.

关键词： bottlebrush hole transport OLED polymer

Saturation in wavelength-division multiplexing free-space optical communication systems

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2019年第2期12卷 197-207页

作者： jeremiah O. BANDELE Malcolm WOOLFSON Andrew J. PHILLIPS Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Engineering College of EngineeringAfe Babalola UniversityAdo-EkitiEkiti StateP.M.B 5454Nigeria Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham University ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK

The performance of a wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) free-space optical (FSO) commu-nication system in a turbulent atmosphere employing optical amplifiers to improve capacity is investigated, in the presence of amplified spontaneous emission noise, scintillation, beam spreading, atmospheric attenuation and interchannel crosstalk. Using on-off keying modulation, Monte Carlo simulation techniques are used to obtain the average bit error rate and system capability due to scintillation and the effect of introducing a power control algorithm (PCA) to the system is investigated. The PCA ensures that at any receiving instant, the same turbulence- free powers are received by all the receiving lenses. The performance of various WDM FSO communication system configurations such as non-amplified systems with an adaptive decision threshold (NOAADT), non- amplified systems with a non-adaptive decision threshold, fixed gain amplified systems with an adaptive decision threshold, fixed gain amplified systems with a non- adaptive decision threshold and saturated gain amplified systems with a non-adaptive decision threshold (SOA- NADT) are investigated. Results obtained show that the SOANADT is superior to the NOAADT and the PCA is only beneficial in amplified systems.

关键词： wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) free-space optical (FSO) communication crosstalk optical amplifier (OA) gain saturation decision threshold

Integrated photonic systems based on transformation optics enabled gradient index devices

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Light(Science & Applications) 2012年第1期1卷 11-16页

作者： Qi Wu jeremiah P Turpin Douglas H Werner The Pennsylvania State University Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

Integrated photonics is expected to play an increasingly important role in optical communications,imaging,computing and sensing with the promise for significant reduction in the cost and weight of these *** advancement of this technology is critically dependent on an ability to develop compact and reliable optical components and facilitate their integration on a common *** we reveal,with the utility of the emerging transformation optics technique,that functional components composed of planar gradient index materials can be designed and readily integrated into photonic *** unprecedented design flexibility of transformation optics allows for the creation of a number of novel devices,such as a light source collimator,waveguide adapters and a waveguide crossing,which have broad applications in integrated photonic chips and are compatible with current fabrication *** the finite-difference time-domain method,we perform full-wave numerical simulations to demonstrate their superior optical performance and efficient integration with other components in an on-chip photonic *** components only require spatially-varying dielectric materials with no magnetic properties,facilitating low-loss,broadband operation in an integrated photonic environment.

关键词： gradient index material integrated photonic system quasi-conformal mapping transformation optics

Seismicity of the Nairobi City area,Its Geotechnical Implications and Mitigation Measures

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 43-44页

作者： jeremiah L.N.Muia Department of Geology University of Nairobi

This paper is an attempt to determine how vulnerable the city of Nairobi is to earthquake attack and the potential disaster sites within it and its environs,how this affects the structural integrity of the its construction works and the sustainable way *** sits close to the eastern flanks of the Great Rift Valley and recent revelations that indicate the valley may be expanding at a rate of 2-3 mm per year due to tensional forces in the crust(Waithaka, 2001).The high heat flow beneath the crust is represented by the geothermal activities at Olkaria,

关键词： geology fault lines seismicity GIS hazard modeling Nairobi

Multi-parametric optimization of the catalytic pyrolysis of pig hair into bio-oil

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Clean Energy 2021年第3期5卷 527-535页

作者： Henry Oghenero Orugba jeremiah Lekwuwa Chukwuneke Henry Chukwuemeka Olisakwe Innocent Eteli Digitemie Department of Chemical Engineering Delta State University AbrakaNigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaNigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology Federal Polytechnic EkoweNigeria

The low yield and poor fuel properties of bio-oil have made the pyrolysis production process uneconomic and also limited bio-oil *** manipulation of key pyrolysis variables is paramount in order to produce high-quality bio-oil that requires less *** this research,the pyrolysis of pig hair was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor using a calcium oxide catalyst derived from calcination of turtle *** the pyrolysis process,the influence of three variables-temperature,heating rate and catalyst weight-on two responses-bio-oil yield and its higher heating value(HHV)-were investigated using Response Surface Methodology.A second-order regression-model equation was obtained for each *** optimum yield of the bio-oil and its HHV were obtained as 51.03%and 21.87 mJ/kg,respectively,at 545oC,45.17oC/min and 2.504 g of pyrolysis temperature,heating rate and catalyst weight,*** high R2 values of 0.9859 and 0.9527,respectively,obtained for the bio-oil yield and its HHV models using analysis of variance revealed that the models can adequately predict the bio-oil yield and its HHV from the pyrolysis process.

关键词： pyrolysis bio-oil pig hair catalyst biomass model