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Sustaining forest biodiversity:Exploring the effect of long-term natural disturbance dynamics on contemporary lichen communities in primary forest ecosystems

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 556-567页

作者： Rhiannon Gloor Marek Svitok Martin Mikolas jenyk.hofmeister Josef Halda Pavel Janda Francesco Maria Sabatini Lucie Zemanova Arne Buechling Daniel Kozak Matej Ferencik Michal Frankovic Martin Dusatko Miroslav Svoboda Department of Forest Ecology Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamycka 129Praha 6–Suchdol16500Czech Republic Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Technical University in ZvolenT.G.Masaryka 2496001ZvolenSlovakia Institute of Botany Plant Science and Biodiversity CenterSlovak Academy of SciencesDúbravska cesta 984523BratislavaSlovakia PRALES Odtrnovie 56301322RosinaSlovakia Faculty of Science University of Hradec KraloveHradecka 1285Hradec KraloveⅢ50003Czech Republic BIOME–Biogeography and Macroecology Department of BiologicalGeological and Environmental Sciences(BIGEA)Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bolognavia Irnerio 42BolognaItaly

In this era of biodiversity loss and climate change,quantifying the impacts of natural disturbance on forest communities is imperative to improve biodiversity conservation *** and epixylic lichens are effective forest quality bioindicators,as they are generally long-lived organisms supported by continuity of specific forest structures and their associated microclimatic ***,how lichen communities respond to the effects of fluctuating historical disturbances remains *** a dendrochronological approach,this study investigates how natural disturbance dynamics indirectly influence various lichen community metrics in some of Europe's best-preserved primary mixed-beech *** modelling revealed that natural historical disturbance processes have decades-long effects on forest structural attributes,which had both congruent and divergent impacts on lichen community richness and *** species richness indirectly benefited from both historical and recent higher-severity disturbances via increased standing dead tree basal area and canopy openness respectively-likely through the presence of both pioneer and late-successional species associated with these ***-listed species richness showed a dependence on habitat continuity(old trees),and increased with disturbance-related structures(standing dead trees)whilst simultaneously benefiting from periods without severe disturbance events(old trees and reduced deadwood volume).However,if the disturbance occurred over a century in the past,no substantial effect on forest structure was ***,while disturbance-mediated forest structures can promote overall richness,threatened species appear vulnerable to more severe disturbance events-a concern,as disturbances are predicted to intensify with climate ***,the high number of threatened species found reinforce the critical role of primary forest structural attributes for biodiversity ***

关键词： Mixed-beech forests Species richness Old-growth forests Carpathian mountains Biodiversity conservation Dendroecology Fagus sylvatica

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Dynamic control of district heating networks with integrated emission modelling:A dynamic knowledge graph approach

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 29-47页

作者： Markus hofmeister Kok Foong Lee Yi-Kai Tsai Magnus Müller Karthik Nagarajan Sebastian Mosbach Jethro Akroyd Markus Kraft Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgePhilippa Fawcett DriveCambridgeCB30ASUnited Kingdom Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore CARES Ltd.1 Create WayCREATE Tower#05-05138602Singapore CMCL Innovations Sheraton HouseCambridgeCB30AXUnited Kingdom The Alan Turing Institute 96 Euston RoadLondonNW12DBUnited Kingdom

This paper presents a knowledge graph-based approach for the dynamic control of a district heating network with integrated emission dispersion modelling. We propose an interoperable and extensible implementation to forecast the anticipated heat demand of a municipal heating network, minimise associated total generation cost based on a previously devised methodology, and couple it with dispersion simulations for induced airborne pollutants to provide automatic insights into air quality implications of various heat sourcing strategies. We create cross-domain interoperability in the nexus of energy and air quality via newly developed ontologies and semantic software agents, which can be chained together via The World Avatar dynamic knowledge graph to resemble the behaviour of complex systems. Furthermore, we integrate the City Energy Analyst into this ecosystem to provide building-level insights into energy demand and renewable generation potential to foster strategic analyses and scenario planning. Underlying calculations use building and weather data from the knowledge graph in place of inherent assumptions in the official software release, facilitating a more data-driven approach. All use cases are implemented for a mid-size town in Germany as a proof-of-concept, and a unified visualisation interface is provided, allowing for the examination of 3D buildings alongside their corresponding energy demand and supply time series, as well as emission dispersion data. With this work, we outline the potential of Semantic Web technologies to connect digital twins for holistic energy modelling in smart cities, thereby addressing the increasing complexity of interconnected energy systems.

关键词： Knowledge graph Digital twin Inter operability Energy modelling Emi ssion dispersi on

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West Nile virus:North American experience

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第3期6卷 279-289页

作者： Erik K.hofmeister USGS National Wildlife Health Center MadisonWisconsinUSA

West Nile virus,a mosquito-vectored flavivirus of the Japanese encephalitis serogroup,was first detected in North America following an epizootic in the New York City area in *** the intervening 11 years since the arrival of the virus in North America,it has crossed the contiguous USA,entered the Canadian provinces bordering the USA,and has been reported in the Caribbean islands,Mexico,Central America and,more recently,South *** Nile virus has been reported in over 300 species of birds in the USA and has caused the deaths of thousands of birds,local population declines of some avian species,the clinical illness and deaths of thousands of domestic horses,and the clinical disease in over 30000 Americans and the deaths of over *** to the emergence of West Nile virus in North America,*** encephalitis virus and Dengue virus were the only other known mosquito-transmitted flaviviruses in North America capable of causing human *** review will discuss the North American experience with mosquito-borne flavivirus prior to the arrival of West Nile virus,the entry and spread of West Nile virus in North America,effects on wild bird populations,genetic changes in the virus,and the current state of West Nile virus transmission.

关键词： arbovirus emerging infectious disease North America West Nile virus zoonotic disease

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Fluidization behavior of graphitized glassy particles in a fluidized carbon bed cooling process for investment casting

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Particuology 2022年第6期20卷 32-38页

作者： Paul Git Matthias hofmeister Robert F.Singer Carolin Körner Chair of Materials Science and Engineering for Metals(WTM) Friedrich-Alexander UniversitätErlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)Martensstr.591058 ErlangenGermany

Fluidized Carbon Bed Cooling(FCBC)is an innovative investment casting process for directional solidification of superalloy *** takes advantage of a fluidized bed with a base of small glassy carbon beads for cooling and other low-density particles that form an insulating layer by floating to the bed *** so-called“Dynamic Baffle”protects the fluidized bed from the direct heat input from the high-temperature heating zone and provides the basis for an improved bed *** prerequisites for a stable casting process are stable fluidization conditions where neither collapse of the bed nor particle blow out at excessive bubble formation *** work aimed to investigate the fluidization behavior of spherical carbon bed material in argon and air at temperatures between 20 to 350℃.Systematic studies at reduced pressures using the FCBC prototype device were performed to understand the stable fluidization conditions at all stages of the investment casting *** particle shape factor and size distribution characterization and the measurement of the powder’s minimum fluidization velocity and bed voidage show that this material can be fully utilized as a cooling and buoyancy medium during the FCBC process.

关键词： Gas-solid fluidization Glassy carbon Reduced pressure Increased temperature Fluidized carbon bed

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How Properties that Distinguish Solids from Fluids and Constraints of Spherical Geometry Suppress Lower Mantle Convection

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Journal of Earth Science 2018年第1期29卷 1-20页

作者： Anne M. hofmeister Everett M. Criss Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University St. Louis MO 63130 USA Panasonic Avionics Corporation Lake Forest CA 92630 USA

The large magnitude of the dimensionless Rayleigh number （Ra-10^8） for Earth＇s -3 000 km thick mantle is considered evidence of whole mantle convection. However, the current formulation assumes behavior characteristic of gases and liquids and also assumes Cartesian geometry. Issues arising from neglecting physical properties unique to solids and ignoring the spherical shapes for planets include：（1） Planet radius must be incorporated into Ra, in addition to layer thickness, to conserve mass during radial displacements. （2） The vastly different rates for heat and mass diffusion in solids, which result from their decoupled transport mechanisms, promote stability. （3） Unlike liquids, sub- stantial stress is needed to deform solids, which independently promotes stability. （4） High interior compression stabilizes the mantle in additional minor ways. Therefore, representing conditions for convection in solid, self-gravitating spheroids, requires modifying formulae developed for bottom- heated fluids near ambient conditions under an invariant gravitational field. To derive stability criteria appropriate to solid spheres, we use dimensional analysis, and consider the effects of geometry, force competition, and microscopic behavior. We show that internal heating has been improperly ac- counted for in the Ra. We conclude that the lower mantle is stable for two independent reasons： heat diffusion far outpaces mass diffusion （creep） and yield strength of solids at high pressure exceeds the effective deviatoric stress. We discuss the role of partial melt in lubricating plate motion, and explain why the Ra is not applicable to the multi-component upper mantle. When conduction is insufficient to transport heat in the Earth, melt production and ascent are expected, not convection of solid rock.

关键词： plasticity diffusion mantle convection stability criteria dimensional analysis geometry.

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Evaluation of the Heat,Entropy,and Rotational Changes Produced by Gravitational Segregation during Core Formation

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Journal of Earth Science 2015年第1期26卷 124-133页

作者： Anne M.hofmeister Robert E.Criss Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University

Core formation by gravitational segregation allegedly released sufficient interior heat to melt the Earth. Analysis of the energetics, which compare gravitational potential energy （Ug） of a fictitious, homogeneous reference state to Earth＇s current layered configuration, needs updating to correct errors and omissions, and to accommodate recent findings：（1） An erroneous positive sign was used for Ug while maintaining the reference value of 0 at infinity, which results in an incorrect sign fur AUg, which is crucial in determining whether a process is endothermic or exothermic. （2） The value of Ug for Earth＇s initial state is uncertain. （3） Recent meteorite evidence indicates that core formation began before the Earth was full-sized, which severely limits AUg. （4） Inhomogeneous accretion additionally reduced AUg. （5） The potentially large effect of differential rotation between the core and the mantle was not accounted for. （6） Entropy changes associated with creating order were neglected. Accordingly, we revise values of Ug, evaluate uncertainties, and show that AUg was converted substantially to eonfigurational energy （TAS）. These considerations limit the large sources of primordial heat to impacts and radioactivity. Although these processes may play a role in core formation, their energies are independent of gravitational segregation, which produces order and rotational energy, not internal heat. Instead, gravitational segregation promotes planetary cooling mainly because it segregates lithophilic radioactive elements upward, increasing surface heat flux while shortening the distance over which radiogenic heat diffuses outwards.

关键词： core formation primordial heat configurational energy thermodynamics rotational energy.

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Can Modern Science Answer the Great Questions?

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第5期33卷 1330-1332页

作者： Robert E.Criss Anne M.hofmeister Dept.Earth and Planetary Science Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO63130USA

0 INTRODUCTION Crucial issues facing us are whether current practices prohibit today’s scientists from answering great questions,and how to sufficiently educate the greater population so that scientific methods and f... 详细信息

关键词： Great finding facing

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Has Axial Spin Decline Affected Earth's Geologic and Tectonic History?

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第5期33卷 1333-1336页

作者： Anne M.hofmeister Robert E.Criss Timothy M.Kusky Department of Earth and Planetary Science Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO63130USA State Key Laboratory for Geological Processes and Mineral Resources Center for Global TectonicsSchool of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China Badong National Observatory and Research Station for Geohazards China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China

0 INTRODUCTION Among the rocky planets,only Earth remains active 4.5 Ga after ***,only Earth has a chemically and structurally complex,bimodal surface with unequivocal horizontal *** unique plate motions are currently... 详细信息

关键词： Earth formation mantle

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银纳米颗粒在钠钙硅酸盐玻璃中的应力分析

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硅酸盐学报 2006年第1期34卷 127-132页

作者：杨修春 DUBIEL Manferd hofmeister Herbert 黄文旵同济大学材料科学与工程学院 Department of Physics Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg D06108 Halle Germany Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics D06120 Halle Germany

AgK边X射线吸收精细结构谱分析显示,包裹在钠钙硅酸盐玻璃中的银纳米颗粒的AgAg原子间最近邻距离大于体材料中Ag的间距,说明此时Ag晶格膨胀。晶格膨胀程度依赖于Ag纳米颗粒掺杂玻璃的制备条件。晶格膨胀表明:包裹在钠钙硅酸盐玻璃中的... 详细信息

AgK边X射线吸收精细结构谱分析显示,包裹在钠钙硅酸盐玻璃中的银纳米颗粒的AgAg原子间最近邻距离大于体材料中Ag的间距,说明此时Ag晶格膨胀。晶格膨胀程度依赖于Ag纳米颗粒掺杂玻璃的制备条件。晶格膨胀表明:包裹在钠钙硅酸盐玻璃中的银纳米颗粒处于张应力状态,这主要是由于Ag纳米颗粒与钠钙硅酸盐玻璃基质热失配造成的。

关键词：银纳米颗粒钠钙硅酸盐玻璃晶格膨胀热失配张应力

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激光刻蚀工艺对Al_2O_3-ZrO_2固溶度和结晶度的影响

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无机材料学报 2006年第3期21卷 677-682页

作者：杨修春 DUBIEL M hofmeister H RIEHEMANN W 黄文旻同济大学材料科学与工程学院 Department of Physics Martin Luther University of Halle D-06108 HalleGermany Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics Department of Materials Science and Engineering

利用X射线衍射, X射线吸收精细结构谱和高分辨电镜研究了激光刻蚀工艺对 Al2O3-ZrO2固溶度和结晶度的影响．结果表明,Al2O3在ZrO2中的固溶度越大,ZrO2晶体结构无序度越大．样品室的空气压力越大,粉体中无定形相的含量越大．无定形ZrO2... 详细信息

利用X射线衍射, X射线吸收精细结构谱和高分辨电镜研究了激光刻蚀工艺对 Al2O3-ZrO2固溶度和结晶度的影响．结果表明,Al2O3在ZrO2中的固溶度越大,ZrO2晶体结构无序度越大．样品室的空气压力越大,粉体中无定形相的含量越大．无定形ZrO2中存在短程有序-长程无序结构Zr-O—Zr(Al)．同Al2O3-ZrO2固溶体相比,无定形ZrO2具有更短的 Zr-O和Zr-Zr(Al)原子间距离和更大的无序度．

关键词：激光刻蚀 Al2O3-ZrO2固溶度结晶度无序度

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