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Developing fertility control for rodents: a framework.for researchers and practitioners

Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 87-107页

作者： Giovanna MASSEI jens JACOB Lyn A.HINDS Botstiber Institute for Wildlife Fertility Control Department of Environment and GeographyUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK Rodent Research Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen DiagnosticsJulius Kühn–Institute(JKI)Federal Research Institute for Cultivated PlantsMünsterGermany CSIRO Health and Biosecurity CanberraACTAustralia

Fertility control is often heralded as a humane and effective technique for management of overabundant wildlife,including *** intention is to reduce the use of lethal and inhumane methods,increase farm productivity and food security as well as reduce disease transmission,particularly of *** developed a framework.to guide researchers and stak.holders planning to assess the effectiveness of a potential contraceptive agent for a particular *** guidelines describe the overarching research questions which must be sequentially addressed to ensure adequate data are collected so that a contraceptive can be registered for use in broad-scale rodent *** framework.indicates that studies should be undertak.n iteratively and,at times,in parallel,with initial research being conducted on(1)laboratory-based captive assessments of contraceptive effects in individuals;(2)simulation of contraceptive delivery using bait mark.rs and/or surgical sterilization of different proportions of afield-based or enclosure population to determine how population dynamics are affected;(3)development of mathematical models which predict the outcomes of different fertility control scenarios;and(4)implementation of large-scale,replicated trials to validate contraceptive efficacy under various management-scalefield *** some circumstances,fertility control may be most effective when integrated with other methods(*** culling).Assessment of non-target effects,direct and indirect,and the environmental fate of the contraceptive must also be *** fertility control for a species is a resource-intensive commitment but will lik.ly be less costly than the ongoing environmental and economic impacts by rodents and rodenticides in many contexts.

关键词： captive studies field applications modeling oral contraceptive delivery population management rodents

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Small mammal community composition impacts bank.vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) population dynamics and associated seroprevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 52-65页

作者： Felicitas Maria BUJNOCH Daniela REIL Stephan DREWES Ulrik. MROSENFELD Rainer G.ULRICH jens JACOB Christian IMHOLT Julius k.hn-Institute Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsInstitute for Epidemiology and Pathogen DiagnosticsRodent ResearchMünsterGermany University of Münster Institute for Evolution and BiodiversityMünsterGermany Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthInstitute of Novel and Emerging Infectious DiseasesGreifswald-Insel RiemsGermany

Rodents are important reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens that cause diseases in *** is hypoth-esized to be closely related to pathogen prevalence through multiple direct and indirect *** example,the presence of non-host species can reduce contact rates of the main reservoir host and thus reduce the risk.of transmission(“dilution effect”).In addition,an overlap in ecological niches between two species could lead to increased interspecific competition,potentially limiting host densities and reducing density-dependent pathogen transmission *** this study,we investigated the relative impact of population-level regulation of direct and indirect drivers of the prevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus(PUUV)in bank.voles(Clethrionomys glareolus)during years with high *** compiled data on small mammal community composition from four regions in Germany between 2010 and *** equation modeling revealed a strong seasonality in PUUV control mechanisms in bank.*** abundance of shrews tended to have a negative relationship with host abundance,and host abundance positively influenced PUUV seroprevalence,while at the same time increasing the abundance of competing non-hosts lik. the wood mouse(Apodemus sylvaticus)and the yellow-neck.dfield mouse(Apodemusflavicollis)were associated with reduced PUUV seroprevalence in the *** results indicate that for PUUV in bank.voles,dilution is associated with increased interspecific *** pressures leading to the decline of Apodemus *** a specific habitat could lead to the amplification of mechanisms promoting PUUV transmission within the host populations.

关键词： bank.vole biodiversity Puumala orthohantavirus small mammals

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Graphene binding on black.phosphorus enables high on/off ratios and mobility

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 188-195页

作者： Fanrong Lin Zhonghan Cao Feiping Xiao Jiawei Liu Jiabin Qiao Minmin Xue Zhili Hu Ying Liu Huan Lu Zhuhua Zhang jens Martin Qingjun Tong Wanlin Guo Yanpeng Liu k.y Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures and Institute for Frontier Science Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Centre for Advanced 2D Materials National University of Singapore School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University Centre for Quantum Physics Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and MeasurementSchool of PhysicsBeijing Institute of Technology Leibniz Institute für k.istallzüchtung

Graphene is one of the most promising candidates for integrated circuits due to its robustness against short-channel effects, inherent high carrier mobility and desired gapless nature for Ohmic contact, but it is difficult to achieve satisfactory on/off ratios even at the expense of its carrier mobility, limiting its device applications. Here, we present a strategy to realize high back.gate switching ratios in a graphene monolayer with well-maintained high mobility by forming a vertical heterostructure with a black.phosphorus multi-layer. By local current annealing, strain is introduced within an established area of the graphene, which forms a reflective interface with the rest of the strain-free area and thus generates a robust off-state via local current depletion. Applying a positive back.gate voltage to the heterostructure can k.ep the black.phosphorus insulating, while a negative back.gate voltage changes the black.phosphorus to be conductive because of hole accumulation. Then, a parallel channel is activated within the strain-free graphene area by edge-contacted electrodes, thereby largely inheriting the intrinsic carrier mobility of graphene in the on-state. As a result, the device can provide an on/off voltage ratio of >10～3 as well as a mobility of ～8000 cm2V-1s-1at room temperature, meeting the low-power criterion suggested by the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems.

关键词： graphene on/off ratio mobility black.phosphorus reflective interface

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Prediction of rock.fragmentation in a fiery seam of an open-pit coal mine in India

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Journal of Rock.Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第8期16卷 2879-2893页

作者： Muk.l Sharma Bhanwar Singh Choudhary Autar k.Raina Manoj k.andelwal Saurav Ruk.iyar Department of Mining Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(ISM)Dhanbad826004India CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Nagpur Research Center(Mining Technology)Nagpur440006India Institute of Innovation Science and SustainabilityFederation University AustraliaBallaratVIC3350Australia

Spontaneous combustion of coal increases the temperature in adjoining overburden strata of coal seams and poses a challenge when loading *** condition,k.own as hot-hole blasting,is dangerous due to the increased possibility of premature explosions in loaded ***,it is crucial to load the blastholes with an appropriate amount of explosives within a short period to avoid premature detonation caused by high temperatures of ***,it will help achieve the desired fragment *** study tried to ascertain the most influencial variables of mean fragment size and their optimum values adopted for blasting in a fiery *** on blast design,rock.mass,and fragmentation of 100 blasts in fiery seams of a coal mine were collected and used to develop mean fragmentation prediction models using soft computational *** coefficient of determination(R^(2)),root mean square error(RMSE),mean absolute error(MAE),mean square error(MSE),variance account for(VAF)and coefficient of efficiency in percentage(CE)were calculated to validate the *** indicates that the random forest algorithm(RFA)outperforms the artificial neural network.ann),response surface method(RSM),and decision tree(DT).The values of R^(2),RMSE,MAE,MSE,VAF,and CE for RFA are 0.94,0.034,0.027,0.001,93.58,and 93.01,*** parametric sensitivity analyses(MPSAs)of the input variables showed that the Schmidt hammer rebound number and spacing-to-burden ratio are the most influencial variables for the blast fragment *** analysis was finally used to define the best blast design variables to achieve optimum fragment size from *** optimum factor values for RFA of S/B,ld/B and ls/ld are 1.03,1.85 and 0.7,respectively.

关键词： Fiery seam Rock.fragmentation Response Surface Method(RSM) Artificial Neural Network.ann) Random Forest Algorithm(RFA) Multiple Parametric Sensitivity Analysis (MPSA)

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Transition-metal doped edge sites in vertically aligned MoS2 catalysts for enhanced hydrogen evolution

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Nano Research 2015年第2期8卷 566-575页

作者： Haotian Wang Charlie Tsai Desheng k.ng k.ren Chan Frank.Abild-Pedersen jens k. Norsk.v Yi Cui Department of Applied Physics Stanford University Stanford CA 93205 USA Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences SLAC NationalAccelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA .

Highly active and low-cost catalysts for electrochemical reactions such as the hydrogen evolution reaction （HER） are crucial for the development of efficient energy conversion and storage technologies. Theoretical simulations have been instrumental in revealing the correlations between the electronic structure of materials and their catalytic activity, and guide the prediction and development of improved catalysts. However, difficulties in accurately engineering the desired atomic sites lead to challenges in mak.ng direct comparisons between experi- mental and theoretical results. In MoS2, the Mo-edge has been demonstrated to be active for HER whereas the S-edge is inert. Using a computational descriptor- based approach, we predict that by incorporating transition metal atoms （Fe, Co, Ni, or Cu） the S-edge site should also become HER active. Vertically standing, edge-terminated MoS2 nanofilms provide a well-defined model system for verifying these predictions. The transition metal doped MoS2 nanofilms show an increase in exchange current densities by at least two-fold, in agreement with the theoretical calculations. This work.opens up further opportunities for improving electrochemical catalysts by incorporating promoters into particular atomic sites, and for using well-defined systems in order to understand the origin of the promotion effects.

关键词： molybdenum disulfide chemical vapor deposition doping density functional theory

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New design paradigm for heterogeneous catalysts

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National Science Review 2015年第2期2卷 140-143页

作者： Alek.andra Vojvodic jens k.N?rsk.v SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University

Both scientiic discovery and technological development are at some point faced with the question of how to progress from a trial-and-error approach to a highly controlled design *** heterogeneous catalysis,the search for the optimal active site of a catalyst for a given chemical reaction has been the central objective of research for almost a ***

关键词： New design paradigm for heterogeneous catalysts

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Population structure of the Atlantic sand fiddler crab Uca pugilator along the eastern coast of US revealed by molecular data

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Current Zoology 2009年第2期55卷 150-157页

作者： David A. WEESE Denson k. MCLAIN ann E. PRATT Quentin Q. FANG Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Department of Biology Georgia Southern University

The Atlantic sand fiddler crab Uca pugilator is an extremely abundant crab found along the eastern coast of the United States. Fiddler crabs have a life cycle with an obligatory plank.onic larval phase of 30-90 days,which might be expected to lead to widespread larval dispersal and consequent genetic homogeneity over considerable distances. However,a large amount of morphological and behavioral variation is found between northern and southern populations along the eastern coast. This study was undertak.n to determine the population genetic structure of *** and to determine whether these differences may have a genetic basis. The population structure of the fiddler crab was analyzed using 472 individuals collected from 12 sites along the eastern coast. PCR-based single stand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) was used to investigate between-site variation in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene of these individuals. Analysis of genetic variation indicated frequent gene flow between nearby localities,but much reduced levels between populations separated by larger geographic distances. Thus,despite the potential for high dispersal by plank.onic larvae,population differentiation and isolation by distance is evident between northern and southern populations of ***. A high amount of genetic differentiation (F ST =0.3468) was found between northern and southern regions suggesting that the morphological and behavioral differences between these two regions have a genetic basis and may represent subspecies.

关键词： Atlantic sand fiddler crab Uca pugilator Deeapoda Molecular population genetics Gene flow SSCP 16S rDNA

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The Nordic geological surveys： Geology for society in practice

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Episodes 2008年第1期31卷 193-200页

作者： Morten Smelror Andreas AhlstrФm Lena Ek.lund jens Morten Hansen k.ijo Nenonen Anette k. Mortensen Geological Survey of Norway （NGU） Leiv Eirikssons vei 39 NO-7491 Trondheim Norway. Geological Survey of Denmark.and Greenland （GEUS） Фster Voldgade 10 DK-1350 KCbenhavn K Denmark. Geological Survey of Sweden （SGU） Box 670 S-751 28 Uppsala Sweden. Geological Survey of Finland （GTk. P.O. Box 96 FI-02151 Espoo Finland. Iceland Geosurvey （ISOR） Grensaisvegi 9 108 Reykjavfk.Ucekabd.

Since the mid-nineteenth century., when the first of the Nordic Geological Surveys were established, they have generated a substantial amount of information on the Earth＇s crust, its natural resources, its processes, and on the geological history of Nordic areas. The collective mission of the geological surveys is to carry out ＂Geology for Society＂, by doing research and providing services, and by mak.ng geological information and data easily accessible to all the varied end users in industry, government agencies, government institutes, public administrations, technical offices, academia and research institutes, as well as for private individuals. The present paper gives a brief overview of a few, selected, research areas and projects currently undertak.n by the Nordic geological surveys. These serve as practical examples of how the Nordic geological surveys address important societal problems and challenges that require geological input for their solution.

关键词：地质学测量北欧地区社会实践公共管理

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A comprehensive review on bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) as a gold mine of functional bioactive components for therapeutic foods

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2022年第1期4卷 107-120页

作者： k.S.Gayathry Jenny ann John Faculty of Ocean Science and Technology Kerala(Department of Food Science and Technology)Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies(KUFOS)Panangad P.O.KochiKerala682506India

Bitter gourd is a tropical wine grown mainly in India, China and South East Asia. The plant is cultivated mainly for its fruit part which is edible. Bitter gourd is unaccepted widely due to its bitter taste. Nevertheless, the fruit is a source of several k.y nutrients. The plant, as a whole contains, more than 60 phyto-medicines that are active against more than 30 diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Currently, the incorporation of the bioactive compounds isolated from bitter gourd into functional foods and beverages finds a new horizon. Nanoencapsulation and novel green extraction methods can be employed to improve the yield and quality of extracted compounds and their stability while incorporation into food products. The present review is an attempt to throw light to nutritional aspects, various bioactive compounds present and important nutraceutical properties of the bitter gourd plant in detail.

关键词： Bitter gourd Bioactive Nutraceutical Extraction Encapsulation

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Gαq,Gγ1 and Plc21C Control Drosophila Body Fat Storage

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2014年第5期41卷 283-292页

作者： jens Baumbach Yanjun Xu Philip Hehlert Ronald P.k.hnlein Abteilung Molek.lare Entwick.ungsbiologie Forschungsgruppe Molekulare Physiologie Max-Planck-Institut fr biophysikalische Chemie Abteilung Molek.lare Entwick.ungsbiologie Forschungsgruppe Molekulare PhysiologieMax-Planck-Institut fr biophysikalische Chemie

mobilization of body fat is essential for energy homeostasis in animals. In insects, the adipok.netic hormone （Ak.） systemically controls body fat mobilization. Biochemical evidence supports that Ak. signals via a G protein-coupled receptor （GPCR） called Ak. receptor （Ak.R） using cyclic-AMP （cAMP） and Ca2＋ second messengers to induce storage lipid release from fat body cells. Recently, we provided genetic evidence that the intracellular calcium （iCa2＋） level in fat storage cells controls adiposity in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. However, little is k.own about the genes, which mediate Ak. signalling downstream of the Ak.R to regulate changes in iCa2＋. Here, we used thermogenetics to provide in vivo evidence that the GPCR signal transducers G protein α q subunit （Gαq）, G protein γ1 （Gγ1） and Phospholipase C at 21C （Plc21C） control cellular and organismal fat storage in Drosophila. Transgenic modulation of Gαq, Gγ1 and Plc21C affected the iCa2＋ of fat body cells and the expression profile of the lipid metabolism effector genes midway and brummer, which results in severely obese or lean flies. Moreover, functional impairment of Gαq, Gγ1 and Plc21C antagonised Ak.-induced fat depletion. This study characterizes Gαq, Gγ1 and Plc21C as anti-obesity genes and supports the model that Ak. employs the Gαq/Gγ1/Plc21C module of iCa2＋ control to regulate lipid mobilization in adult Drosophila.

关键词： Plc21C Gαq Gγ1 Calcium Fat storage Adipok.netic hormone

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