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Influence of gastric inhibitory polypeptide on pentagastrinstimulated gastric acid secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第12期12卷 1874-1880页

作者： juris j Meier Michael A Nauck Bartholomaeus Kask jens j hoist Carolyn F Deacon Wolfgang E Schmidt Baptist Gallwitz Department of Medicine I St. Josef-HospitalRuhr-University Bochum Germany Diabeteszentrum Bad Lauterberg Germany Department of Medical Physiology The Panum Institute University of Copenhagen Denmark Department of Medicine IV Eberhard-Karls- University Ttibingen Germany

AIM： Gastric inhibitory polypeptide is secreted from intestinal K-cells in response to nutrient ingestion and acts as an incretin hormone in human physiology. While animal experiments suggested a role for GIP as an inhibitor of gastric secretion, the GIP effects on gastric acid output in humans are still controversial. METHODS： Pentagastrin was administered at an infusion rate of 1 μg . kg^-1 . h^-1 over 300 min in 8 patients with type 2 diabetes （2 female, 6 male, 54± 10 years, BMI 30.5 ± 2.2 kg/m^2; no history of autonomic neuropathy） and 8 healthy subjects （2/6, 46 ± 6 years., 28.9 ± 5.3 kg/ m^2）. A hyperglycaemic clamp （140 mg/dl） was performed over 240 min. Placebo, GIP at a physiological dose （1 pmol . kg^-1 . min^-1）, and GIP at a pharmacological dose （4 mol . kg^-1 . min^-1） were administered over 60 min each. Boluses of placebo, 20 pmol GIP/kg, and 80 pmol GIP/kg were injected intravenously at the beginning of each infusion period, respectively. Gastric volume, acid and chloride output were analysed in 15-min intervals. Capillary and venous blood samples were drawn for the determination of glucose and total GIP. Statistics were carried out by repeated-measures ANOVA and one-way ANOVA. RESULTS： Plasma glucose concentrations during the hyperglycaemic clamp experiments were not different between patients with type 2 diabetes and controls. Steady-state GIP plasma levels were 61 ±8 and 79 ± 12 pmol/I during the low-dose and 327±35 and 327± 17 pmol/I during the high-dose infusion of GIP, in healthy control subjects and in patients with type 2 diabetes, respectively （P= 0.23 and p 0.99）. Pentagastrin markedly increased gastric acid and chloride secretion （P〈 0.001）. There were no significant differences in the rates of gastric acid or chloride output between the experimental periods with placebo or any dose of GIP. The temporal patterns of gastric acid and chloride secretion were similar in patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls （P= 0.86 and P= 0.6

关键词： Gastric inhibitory polypeptide Gastric acid secretion Type 2 diabetes Hyperglycemic clamp Pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion

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Small mammal community composition impacts bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) population dynamics and associated seroprevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 52-65页

作者： Felicitas Maria BUjNOCH Daniela REIL Stephan DREWES Ulrike MROSENFELD Rainer G.ULRICH jens jACOB Christian IMHOLT julius Kühn-Institute Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsInstitute for Epidemiology and Pathogen DiagnosticsRodent ResearchMünsterGermany University of Münster Institute for Evolution and BiodiversityMünsterGermany Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthInstitute of Novel and Emerging Infectious DiseasesGreifswald-Insel RiemsGermany

Rodents are important reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens that cause diseases in *** is hypoth-esized to be closely related to pathogen prevalence through multiple direct and indirect *** example,the presence of non-host species can reduce contact rates of the main reservoir host and thus reduce the risk of transmission(“dilution effect”).In addition,an overlap in ecological niches between two species could lead to increased interspecific competition,potentially limiting host densities and reducing density-dependent pathogen transmission *** this study,we investigated the relative impact of population-level regulation of direct and indirect drivers of the prevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus(PUUV)in bank voles(Clethrionomys glareolus)during years with high *** compiled data on small mammal community composition from four regions in Germany between 2010 and *** equation modeling revealed a strong seasonality in PUUV control mechanisms in bank *** abundance of shrews tended to have a negative relationship with host abundance,and host abundance positively influenced PUUV seroprevalence,while at the same time increasing the abundance of competing non-hosts like the wood mouse(Apodemus sylvaticus)and the yellow-neckedfield mouse(Apodemusflavicollis)were associated with reduced PUUV seroprevalence in the *** results indicate that for PUUV in bank voles,dilution is associated with increased interspecific *** pressures leading to the decline of Apodemus *** a specific habitat could lead to the amplification of mechanisms promoting PUUV transmission within the host populations.

关键词： bank vole biodiversity Puumala orthohantavirus small mammals

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Metabolic collaboration between cells in the tumor microenvironment has a negligible effect on tumor growth

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 107-114页

作者： johan Gustafsson Fariba Roshanzamir Anders Hagnestål Sagar M.Patel Oseeyi I.Daudu Donald F.Becker jonathan L.Robinson jens Nielsen Department of Life Sciences Chalmers University of TechnologySE-41296 GothenburgSweden Hagnesia AB SE-43854 HindåsSweden Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA BioInnovation Institute DK2200 CopenhagenDenmark

The tumor microenvironment is composed of a complex mixture of different cell types interacting under conditions of nutrient deprivation,but the metabolism therein is not fully understood due to difficulties in measuring metabolic fluxes and exchange of metabolites between different cell types in ***-scale metabolic modeling enables estimation of such exchange fluxes as well as an opportunity to gain insight into the metabolic behavior of individual cell ***,we estimated the availability of nutrients and oxygen within the tumor microenvironment using concentration measurements from blood together with a metabolite diffusion *** addition,we developed an approach to efficiently apply enzyme usage constraints in a comprehensive metabolic model of human *** combined modeling reproduced severe hypoxic conditions and the Warburg effect,and we found that limitations in enzymatic capacity contribute to cancer cells’preferential use of glutamine as a substrate to the citric acid ***,we investigated the common hypothesis that some stromal cells are exploited by cancer cells to produce metabolites useful for the cancer *** identified over 200 potential metabolites that could support collaboration between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts,but when limiting to metabolites previously identified to participate in such collaboration,no growth advantage was *** work highlights the importance of enzymatic capacity limitations for cell behaviors and exemplifies the utility of enzyme-constrained models for accurate prediction of metabolism in cells and tumor microenvironments.

关键词： metabolism effect limitations

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Fully integrated and broadband Si-rich silicon nitride wavelength converter based on Bragg scattering intermodal four-wave mixing

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 I0001-I0010页

作者： VALERIO VITALI THALÍA DOMÍNGUEZ BUCIO HAO LIU jOSÉMANUEL LUQUE GONZÁLEZ FRANCISCO jURADO-ROMERO ALEjANDRO ORTEGA-MOÑUX GLENN CHURCHILL jAMES C.GATES jAMES HILLIER NIKOLAOS KALFAGIANNIS DANIELE MELATI jens H.SCHMID ILARIA CRISTIANI PAVEL CHEBEN j.GONZALO WANGÜEMERT-PÉREZ ÑIGO MOLINA-FERNÁNDEZ FREDERIC GARDES COSIMO LACAVA PERIKLIS PETROPOULOS Optoelectronics Research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering DepartmentUniversity of PaviaPavia 27100Italy Telecommunication Research Institute(TELMA) Universidad de MálagaCEI Andalucı´a TECHE.T.S.I.Telecomunicación29010 MálagaSpain School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent UniversityNottingham NG118NSUK Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600 MBThe Netherlands Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of IoanninaIoannina 45110Greece Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies UniversitéParis-SaclayCNRS91120 PalaiseauFrance Advanced Electronics and Photonics Research Center National Research Council CanadaOttawaOntario K1A 0R6Canada

Intermodal four-wave mixing(FWM)processes have recently attracted significant interest for all-optical signal processing applications thanks to the possibility to control the propagation properties of waves exciting distinct spatial modes of the same *** allows,in principle,to place signals in different spectral regions and satisfy the phase matching condition over considerably larger bandwidths compared to intramodal ***,the demonstrations reported so far have shown a limited bandwidth and suffered from the lack of on-chip components designed for broadband manipulation of different *** demonstrate here a silicon-rich silicon nitride wavelength converter based on Bragg scattering intermodal FWM,which integrates mode conversion,multiplexing and de-multiplexing functionalities *** system enables wavelength conversion between pump waves and a signal located in different telecommunication bands(separated by 60 nm)with a 3 dB bandwidth exceeding 70 nm,which represents,to our knowledge,the widest bandwidth ever achieved in an intermodal FWM-based system.

关键词： scattering pump modal

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Amine reclaiming technologies in post-combustion carbon dioxide capture

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第1期27卷 276-289页

作者： Tielin Wang jon Hovland Klaus j.jens Telemark University College Tel-Tek Porsgrunn 3918 Norway

Amine scrubbing is the most developed technology for carbon dioxide（CO2） *** of amine solvents due to the presence of high levels of oxygen and other impurities in flue gas causes increasing costs and deterioration in long term performance,and therefore purification of the solvents is needed to overcome these problems. This review presents the reclaiming of amine solvents used for post combustion CO2capture（PCC）. Thermal reclaiming, ion exchange, and electrodialysis, although principally developed for sour gas sweetening, have also been tested for CO2 capture from flue *** three technologies all have their strengths and weaknesses, and further development is needed to reduce energy usage and costs. An expected future trend for amine reclamation is to focus on process integration of the current reclaiming technologies into the PCC process in order to drive down costs.

关键词： Carbon dioxide capture Amine reclaiming Distillation Ion exchange Electrodialysis

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Social and Ecological Constraints on Decision Making by Transhumant Pastoralists: A Case Study from the Moroccan Atlas Mountains

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journal of Mountain Science 2012年第3期9卷 307-321页

作者： Zakia AKASBI jens OLDELAND jürgen DENGLER Manfred FINCKH Biodiversity Evolution and Ecology of PlantsBiocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical GardenUniversity of HamburgOhnhorststr.1822609 HamburgGermany Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II B.P.6202 les instituts10000-RabatMorocco

Transhumant pastoralism is an important activity in southern Morocco. Migration pattern of transhumant pastoralists can be affected by physical factors (e.g. droughts and diseases) or socioeconomic factors (e.g. schooling options for children and migration costs). We studied the spatio-temporal rangeland usage of the three tribes Ait Mgoun, Ait Zekri, and Ait Toumert in the south-central Atlas region with a two-fold approach. First, we tracked the migration movements of one representative transhumant herd using the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS) collars, which record coordinates from satellite signals. Second, we interviewed herders to obtain information about general grazing practices of the respective tribe and to gain more direct information on motivations underlying decisions. For each tribe we observed small-, medium- and large-scale movements. We found that the most important drivers of migration decisions were seasonal fodder availability and weather conditions in combination with herd-specific risk and cost assessment, as well as personal factors. In conclusion, general migration patterns vary in time, both between and within the tribes, but according to a regulatory framework. Moreover, it appears that both the customary rules and its flexible adaptation to physical constraints are generally beneficial in terms of conservation of the arid and semiarid rangeland resources.

关键词： Ait Mgoun Ait Zekri Ait Toumert ARGOS Goat grazing High Atlas jebel Saghro Migration pattern Rangeland Small ruminant Transhumance

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On environmental threats to male infertility

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Asian journal of Andrology 2013年第2期15卷 199-200,I0005页

作者： Allen j Wilcox jens Peter E Bonde Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Durham NC 27709-2233 USA Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine University Hospital of Copenhagen Copenhagen NV DK-2400 Denmark

The possibility that environmental pollutants damage human fertility is a topic of both public concern and scientific interest. The effect of environmental factors on male fertility （semen parameters） has been a special focus, stimulated in part by the dramatic damage inflicted by the pcstlcide DBCP on testicular function. Extensive searches for testicular toxicants （in particular, the proposed effects of endocrine-disrupting compounds through fetal exposure） have produced little hard evidence of impairment in humans. This scarcity of evidence may reflect the difficultles of studying human fertility. Future fertifity studies should consider the wide spectrum of environmental exposures that plausibly affect reproduction.

关键词： TESTICULAR DYSGENESIS SYNDROME IN-UTERO EXPOSURE SPERM COUNTS SEMEN QUALITY ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT FERTILITY PREGNANCY PHTHALATE SMOKING

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Implementation of an in-house flow cytometric analysis of DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa

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Asian journal of Andrology 2020年第3期22卷 246-251页

作者： Anne Sofie Rex Chunsen Wu jorn Aagaard jens Fedder Centre of Andrology and Fertility Clinic Odense University HospitalOdense 5000Denmark Aagaard Gynaecological Clinic Skejby 8200AarhusDenmark Research Unit of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Faculty of HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense 5000Denmark.

An increased amount of DNA fragme ntation in the spermatozoa(SDF)is linked to male in *** Sperm Chromati n Structure Assay(SCSA)is widely used for analysis of ***,the current software(SCSASoftR)linked to this assay is licensed and often located within larger diagnostic *** this study,we present a protocol for using other types of software than SCSASoftR to determine the SDF index(DFI)with clinical *** protocol is engineered after collect!ng and analyzing 254 samples from fertility patients and sperm donors over a 15-month *** is analyzed using a strict protocol where the spermatozoa are treated with a strong acid(pH 1.2)followed by acridine *** is determined by a standard flow cytometric software,FACSDiva *** of the outcome of the fertility treatment is included for 137 patients receiving either intrauterine inseminations(IUI)or timed coitus(TC).The results show that the chance of pregnancy decli nes as DFI in *** also found that the male DFI affects the chanee of pregnancy independent of the female *** have shown that a standard flow cytometric software can be used when determi ning a clinical releva nt *** findings are a sign ificant step toward impleme nting the an alysis as a part of the routi ne,in・house diag no sing of the male fertility patient and subseque ntly optimizing the treatme nt course of the couple with reduced human and financial costs.

关键词： DNA fragme ntation flow cytometry in-house an alysis in trauteri ne in semi natio n Sperm Chromati n Structure Assay spermatozoa

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Bistability theorem in a cancer model

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International journal of Biomathematics 2018年第1期11卷 61-98页

作者： jens Christian Larsen Vanlcse Alle 50 2. mr. tv2720 VanlCse Copenhagen Denmark

In this paper, I continue the study of the mathematical models presented in [j. C. Larsen, Models of cancer growth, j. Appl. Math. Comput. 53（1-2）（2015） 613-645] and [j. C. Larsen, The bistability theorem in a model of metastatic cancer, to appear in Appl. Math.]. I shall prove the bistability theorem for the ODE model from [Larsen, 2015]. It is a mass action kinetic system in the variables C cancer, GF growth factor and GI growth inhibitor. This theorem says that for some values of the parameters, there exist two positive singular points c＊＋ = （C＊＋, GF＊., GI＊＋）, c＊2- = （C＊-, GF＊, GI＊-） of the vector field. Here C＊- 〈 C＊＋ and e. is stable and c＊＋ is unstable, see Sec. 2. There is also a discrete model in [Larsen, 2015], it is a linear map （T） on three-dimensional Euclidean vector space with variables （C, GF, GI）, where these variables have the same meaning as in the ODE model above. In [Larsen, 2015], I showed that one can sometimes find attine vector fields on three-dimensional Euclidean vector space whose time one map is T. I shall also show this in the present paper in a more general setting than in [Larsen, 2015]. This enables me to find an expression for the rate of change of cancer growth on the coordinate hyperplane C = 0 in Euclidean vector space. I also present an ODE model of cancer metastasis with variables C, CM, CF,GI, where C is primary cancer and CM is metastatic cancer and GF, GI are growth factors and growth inhibitors, respectively.

关键词： Immunology cancer chemotherapy immune therapy discrete dynamicalsystem Gompertz function.

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Resolvent Estimates and Quantification of Nonlinear Stability

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2000年第1期16卷 1-20页

作者： Heinz-Otto Kreiss jens Lorenz Department of Mathematics UCLALos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics UNMAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA

The aim of this paper is to clarify the role played by resolvent estimates for nonlinear *** will give examples showing that a large resolvent may lead to a small domain of nonlinear *** other examples the resolvent is large,but the domain of nonlinear stability is completely *** case prevails depends on the details of the problem. We will also show that the size of the resolvent depends in an essential way on the norms that are used.

关键词： Resolvent estimates Nonlinear stability Pseudospectrum Convection-dominated flow

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