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Imaging of the gastrointestinal tract-novel technologies

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第2期15卷 160-168页

作者： jens brφndum frφkjr Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes Hans Gregersen Mech-Sence Aalborg HospitalDK-9000 Aalborg Denmark Department of radiology Aalborg Hospital DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark Mech-Sence Aalborg Hospital DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark Mech-Sense Department of Medical Gastroenterology Aalborg University Hospital DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark National Center for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI) Department of Health Science and Technology Aalborg University Denmark Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI) Department of Health Science and Technology Aalborg University DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark

Imaging of the gastrointestinal tract is very useful for research and clinical studies of patients with symptoms arising from the gastrointestinal tract and in visualising anatomy and pathology. Traditional radiological techniques played a leading role in such studies for a long time. However, advances in non-invasive modalities including ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MrI), etc, have in the last decades revolutionised the way in which the gastrointestinal tract is studied. The resolution of imaging data is constantly being improved and 3D acquisition, tools for fi ltering, enhancement, segmentation and tissue classif ication are continually being developed. Additional co-registration techniques allow multimodal data acquisition with improved classif ication of tissue pathology. Furthermore, new functional imaging techniques have become available. Altogether, the future of gastrointestinal imaging looks very promising which will be of great benef it in clinical and research studies of gastrointestinal diseases. The purpose of this review is to highlight the capabilities of the newest techniques to explore the detailed morphology, biomechanical properties, function and pathology of the gastrointestinal tract.

关键词： Computed tomography Gastrointestinaltract Imaging Magnetic resonance radiology Ultrasound

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Impaired contractility and remodeling of the upper gastrointestinal tract in diabetes mellitus type-1

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第36期13卷 4881-4890页

作者： jens brΦndum frΦkjΦr SΦren Due Andersen Niels EjskjΦr Peter Funch-jensen AsbjΦrn Mohr Drewes Hans Gregersen Center for Visceral Biomechanics and Pain Aalborg Hospital Aalborg Denmark Department of radiology Aalborg Hospital Aalborg Denmark Department of Endocrinology M Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark Department of Surgical Gastroenterology L Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction Department of Health Science and Technology Aalborg University Denmark Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction Department of Health Science and Technology Aalborg University Denmark National Center for Ultrasound in Gastro-enterology Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway

AIM: To investigate that both the neuronal function of the contractile system and structural apparatus of the gastrointestinal tract are affected in patients with longstanding diabetes and auto mic neuropathy. METHODS: The evoked esophageal and duodenal contractile activity to standardized bag distension was assessed using a specialized ultrasound-based probe. Twelve type-1 diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy and severe gastrointestinal symptoms and 12 healthy controls were studied. The geometry and biomechanical parameters (strain, tension/stress, and stiffness) were assessed. rESULTS: The diabetic patients had increased frequency of distension-induced contractions (6.0 ± 0.6 vs 3.3 ± 0.5, P reased reactivity was correlated with the duration of the disease (P = 0.009). Impaired coordination of the contractile activity in diabetic patients was demonstrated as imbalance between the time required to evoke the first contraction at the distension site and proximal to it (1.5 ± 0.6 vs 0.5 ± 0.1, P = 0.03). The esophageal wall and especially the mucosa-submucosa layer had increased thickness in the patients (P radial compressive stretch was less in diabetics (P rcumferential deformation induced by the distensions were not affected in the patients (all P > 0.14). CONCLUSION: The impaired contractile activity with an imbalance in the distension-induced contractions likely reflects neuronal abnormalities due to autonomic neuropathy. However, structural changes and remodeling of the gastrointestinal tract are also evident and may add to the neuronal changes. This may contribute to the pathophysiology of diabetic gut dysfunction and impact on future management of diabetic patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.

关键词： Diabetes Autonomic Neuropathy Bio- mechanics Contractility Ultrasound Esophagus Duodenum Deformation Stress

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Long-term survival following radiofrequency ablation of colorectal liver metastases: A retrospective study

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2015年第3期7卷 33-38页

作者： Simeon Niyi Babawale Thomas MandФe jensen jens brФndum frФkjr Department of radiology Aalborg University Hospital Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University

AIM: To retrospectively evaluate the long-term survivalof patients that received radiofrequency ablation(rFA) therapies of colorectal liver metastases. METHODS: In 2005 to 2008, rFA of 105 colorectal liver metastases(CrLM) were performed on 49 patients in our institution. The liver metastases were evaluated, both before and after ablation therapies, with contrast enhanced computerised tomography and contrast enhanced ultrasonography. Histological evidence of malignant liver metastases was obtained in the few instances where contrast enhanced ultrasonography gave equivocal results. Accesses to the CrLM were guided ultrasonically in all patients. The data obtained from records of these ablations were retrospectively analysed and survival data were compared with existing studies in the ***: 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year survival rates, when no stringent selection criteria were applied, were 92%, 65%, 51%, 41% and 29% respectively. To explore the impact of the number and size of CrLM on patients' survival, an exclusion of 13 patients(26.5%) with number of CrLM ≥ 5 and tumour size ≥ 40 mm resulted in 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year survival rates improving to 94%, 69%, 53%, 42% and 31% respectively. It is of note that 9 of 49 patients developed extra-hepatic metastases, not visible or seen on pretreatment scans, just after rFA treatment. These patients had poorer survival. The development of extra-hepatic metastases in nearly 20% of the patients included in our study can partly account for modestly lower survival rates as compared with earlier studies in the ***: Our study underscores the fact that optimum patients' selection before embarking on rFA treatment is vitally important to achieving a superior outcome.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Liver metastasis radiofrequency ablation Long-term survival Ablation success

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Morphological and functional evaluation of chronic pancreatitis with magnetic resonance imaging

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第42期19卷 7241-7246页

作者： Tine Maria Hansen Matias Nilsson Mikkel Gram jens brφndum frφkjr Mech-Sense Department of RadiologyAalborg University Hospital9000 AalborgDenmark Mech-Sense Department of GastroenterologyAalborg University Hospital9000 AalborgDenmark

Magnetic resonance imaging(MrI)techniques for assessment of morphology and function of the pancreas have been improved dramatically the recent years and MrI is very often used in diagnosing and follow-up of chronic pancreatitis(CP)*** MrI including fat-suppressed T1-weighted and T2-weighted imaging techniques reveal decreased signal and glandular atrophy of the pancreas in *** contrast-enhanced MrI of the pancreas in CP the pancreatic signal is usually reduced and delayed due to decreased perfusion as a result of chronic inflammation and ***,morphological changes of the ductal system can be assessed by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MrCP).Furthermore,secretin-stimulated MrCP is a valuable technique to evaluate side branch pathology and the exocrine function of the pancreas and diffusion weighted imaging can be used to quantify both parenchymal fibrotic changes and the exocrine function of the *** standard and advanced MrI techniques are supplementary techniques to reveal morphological and functional changes of the pancreas in ***,spectroscopy has been used for assessment of metabolite concentrations in-vivo in different tissues and may have the potential to offer better tissue characterization of the ***,the purpose of the present review is to provide an update on standard and advanced MrI techniques of the pancreas in CP.

关键词： Magnetic resonance Chronic pancreatitis Secretin Diffusion weighted imaging Exocrine pancreatic function

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Pain and chronic pancreatitis: A complex interplay of multiple mechanisms

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第42期19卷 7282-7291页

作者： Jakob Lykke Poulsen Sφren Schou Olesen Lasse Paludan Malver jens brφndum frφkjr Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes Mech-Sense Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyAalborg University HospitalDK-9000 AalborgDenmark Mech-Sense Department of RadiologyAalborg University HospitalDK-9000 AalborgDenmark Center for Sensory-Motor Interactions (SMI) Department of Health Science and TechnologyAalborg UniversityDK-9000 AalborgDenmark

Despite multiple theories on the pathogenesis of pain in chronic pancreatitis,no uniform and consistently successful treatment strategy exists and abdominal pain still remains the dominating symptom for most patients and a major challenge for *** theories focussed on a mechanical cause of pain related to anatomical changes and evidence of increased ductal and interstitial *** observations form the basis for surgical and endoscopic drainage procedures,but the outcome is variable and often *** underscores the fact that other factors must contribute to pathogenesis of pain,and has shifted the focus towards a more complex neurobiological understanding of pain *** other explanations for pain,experimental and human studies have provided evidence that pain perception at the peripheral level and central pain processing of the nociceptive information is altered in patients with chronic pancreatitis,and resembles that seen in neuropathic and chronic pain ***,pain due to e.g.,complications to the disease and adverse effects to treatment must not be overlooked as an additional source of *** review outlines the current theories on pain generation in chronic pancreatitis which is crucial in order to understand the complexity and limitations of current therapeutic ***,it may also serve as an inspiration for further research and development of methods that can evaluate the relative contribution and interplay of different pain mechanisms in the individual patients,before they are subjected to more or less empirical treatment.

关键词： Chronic pancreatitis Abdominal pain Pain mechanisms Neuropathy Sensitization

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糖尿病性上消化道感觉和运动功能异常

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医学综述 2008年第23期14卷 3537-3542页

作者：赵静波 jens brφndum frφkjr Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes Niels Ejskjaer 丹麦奥尔堡医院内脏生物力学和疼痛研究中心丹麦奥尔胡斯大学医院内科

糖尿病患者胃肠感觉运动功能异常非常常见,其可涉及胃肠道各个部位。糖尿病性胃肠异常经常是亚临床的,庆幸的是罕有严重和危及生命的问题发生。人们尚未完全了解糖尿病性上消化道感觉运动功能异常的发病机制,但是其机制似乎是多源性的... 详细信息

糖尿病患者胃肠感觉运动功能异常非常常见,其可涉及胃肠道各个部位。糖尿病性胃肠异常经常是亚临床的,庆幸的是罕有严重和危及生命的问题发生。人们尚未完全了解糖尿病性上消化道感觉运动功能异常的发病机制,但是其机制似乎是多源性的。研究表明,糖尿病性自主神经病变和急性血糖异常可损伤感觉运动功能。糖尿病发展过程中胃肠道结构和生物力学特性的重构也可能与感觉运动功能异常有关。本综述只讨论糖尿病性上消化道感觉运动功能异常,同时结合讨论胃肠道结构和生物力学特性的重构在糖尿病性上消化道感觉运动功能异常发展中的作用。

关键词：糖尿病食管胃小肠动力疼痛糖尿病性神经病变高血糖重构

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Impact of the spindle number on the material transport and mixing during planetary roller melt granulation Author links open overlay panel

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Particuology 2024年第8期91卷 260-267页

作者： Tom Lang jens Bartsch Laboratory of Solids Process Engineering Department of Biochemical and Chemical EngineeringTU Dortmund University44227DortmundGermany

In comparison to the established twin-screw machines,the application of a planetary roller granulator for continuous operation of melt granulation is a promising alternative based on the unique process *** initial study focused on the material transport during processing as a key driver for the overall ***,the impact of direct process parameters on the residence time distribution was the main *** investigations are complemented in this study by considering the free processing volume,which is defined by the number of planetary spindles applied within a *** impact on the processing conditions is evaluated with respect to the process setting in terms of feed rate and rotation *** results highlight the potential of altering the underlying transport function in planetary roller melt granulation(PrMG)via the investigated direct process and equipment *** impact of the feed rate is lower in comparison,while a higher rotation speed as well as a higher free processing volume promote material ***,a normalization of the determined residence time distribution(rTD)model data was feasible with respect to the process settings and the number of applied planetary spindles in the processing *** demonstrates the key role of the free processing volume in the fundamental mechanisms of material transport and mixing during PrMG.

关键词： Continuous manufacturing Melt granulation Planetaryroller granulator Quality-by-Design residence time Material mixing

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Proposition of atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing

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Advances in Manufacturing 2024年第1期12卷 1-5页

作者： Ju‑Fan Zhang jens Ducree School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University College DublinDublin 4Ireland School of Physical Sciences Dublin City UniversityDublinIreland

Atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing(ACSM)is the core competence of Manufacturing *** other conceptions or terminologies that only focus on the atomic level precision,ACSM defnes a new realm of manufacturing where quantum mechanics plays the dominant role in the atom/molecule addition,migration and removal,considering the uncertainty principle and the discrete nature of *** ACSM is still in its infant stage,only little has been systematically elaborated at the core proposition of ACSM by now,hence there is a need to understand its concept and *** article elucidates the development of ACSM and clarifes its proposition,which aims to achieve a clearer understanding on ACSM and direct more efective eforts toward this promising area.

关键词： Atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing(ACSM) Atomic Precision Manufacturing Paradigm Manufacturing III

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Feeding the vasculature with cruciferous vegetables:a secret for organ protection

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 828-830页

作者： Priya Veluswamy jens Wippermann Max Wacker Heart Surgery research Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryOtto-von-Guericke University HospitalMagdeburgGermany

Two very recent back-to-back papers published in Nature1,2 decipher the holistic role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AHr)/dietary-ligand axis,in enteric and pulmonary vasculature to emphasize tolerance induction and vessel integrity during homeostasis,sterile inflammation and *** studies spectacularly highlight the significance of endothelium in orchestrating tissue tolerance by demonstrating the multifaceted activities of endothelial-expressed AHr that protects the vasculature to maintain organ homeostasis.

关键词： maintain sterile homeostasis

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Developing fertility control for rodents: a framework for researchers and practitioners

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 87-107页

作者： Giovanna MASSEI jens JACOB Lyn A.HINDS Botstiber Institute for Wildlife Fertility Control Department of Environment and GeographyUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK rodent research Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen DiagnosticsJulius Kühn–Institute(JKI)Federal Research Institute for Cultivated PlantsMünsterGermany CSIrO Health and Biosecurity CanberraACTAustralia

Fertility control is often heralded as a humane and effective technique for management of overabundant wildlife,including *** intention is to reduce the use of lethal and inhumane methods,increase farm productivity and food security as well as reduce disease transmission,particularly of *** developed a framework to guide researchers and stakeholders planning to assess the effectiveness of a potential contraceptive agent for a particular *** guidelines describe the overarching research questions which must be sequentially addressed to ensure adequate data are collected so that a contraceptive can be registered for use in broad-scale rodent *** framework indicates that studies should be undertaken iteratively and,at times,in parallel,with initial research being conducted on(1)laboratory-based captive assessments of contraceptive effects in individuals;(2)simulation of contraceptive delivery using bait markers and/or surgical sterilization of different proportions of afield-based or enclosure population to determine how population dynamics are affected;(3)development of mathematical models which predict the outcomes of different fertility control scenarios;and(4)implementation of large-scale,replicated trials to validate contraceptive efficacy under various management-scalefield *** some circumstances,fertility control may be most effective when integrated with other methods(*** culling).Assessment of non-target effects,direct and indirect,and the environmental fate of the contraceptive must also be *** fertility control for a species is a resource-intensive commitment but will likely be less costly than the ongoing environmental and economic impacts by rodents and rodenticides in many contexts.

关键词： captive studies field applications modeling oral contraceptive delivery population management rodents

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