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The benefits of being dominant:health correlates of male social rank and age in a marmot

Current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 19-26页

作者： Kenta UCHIDA Rachel NG Samuel A.VYDRO jennifer E.SMITH Daniel T.BLUMSTEIN Department of Ecology&Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095-1606USA Department of Biology Mills CollegeOaklandCA 94613USA The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested ButteCO 81224USA

The benefits of dominance may not come without costs,particularly for *** example,the“immunocompetence handicap hypothesis”states that males with enhanced mating success allocate resources to enhance reproductive output at a cost to their current health,whereas the“resource quality hypothesis”predicts that high-ranking males may benefit from increased reproduction and good *** the predictions from each have been well tested in captive animals and in a variety of highly social primates,fewer studies have been carried out in free-living,facultatively social *** adult male yellow-bellied marmots(Marmota flaviventer),we evaluated predictions of these hypotheses by examining the relationship between social rank and 2 health indicators—fecal glucocorticoid metabolite(FCM)levels,and neutrophil/lymphocyte(N/L)ratios—after accounting for variation explained by age,body mass,and *** found that higher-ranking males tended to have a lower N/L ratio(reflecting good health)than lower-ranking individuals,whereas FCM levels were not significantly related to *** addition,heavier male marmots had lower N/L ratios,whereas body mass was not associated with FCM *** also found that older adult males had lower FCM levels(reflecting less physiological stress)but higher N/L ratios than younger ***,we found that FCM levels decreased as the active season progressed and FCM levels were associated with the time of the ***,our results suggest that socially-dominant male marmots enjoyed better,not worse health in terms of lower N/L ratios.

关键词： immunocompetence handicap hypothesis life history trade-offs N/L ratio physiological stress resource quality hypothesis

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Annual yields of multispecies grassland mesocosms outperformed monocultures across a drought gradient due to complementarity effects and rapid recovery

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Grassland Research 2023年第4期2卷 309-321页

作者： Eamon Haughey jennifer C.McElwain John A.Finn Department of Natural Resources and the Environment Atlantic Technological UniversityGalwayIreland Botany Department School of Natural SciencesTrinity College DublinDublinIreland Teagasc Environment Research CentreJohnstown CastleWexfordIreland

Background:More frequent and severe drought events due to climate change pose a major challenge for sustainable forage production in managed *** study investigated whether multispecies grassland communities can provide greater resistance to and/or recovery from drought compared to monoculture ***:Mesocosms of Lolium perenne L.,Cichorium intybus L.,Trifolium repens *** Trifolium pratense *** established as monocultures,and a four-species mixture.A drought gradient with five levels of water supply ranging from a mild to a severe treatment was applied for 10 weeks,in each of 2 *** biomass was harvested to assess drought resistance,drought recovery and annual *** mass density and specific root length were measured in Year ***:Across the drought gradient,four-species communities had significantly larger annual yields than each of the four monocultures,indicating transgressive *** was despite relatively low drought resistance for four-species communities compared with *** and *** *** of yields following drought was high for all ***:Multispecies swards with complementary traits can provide a viable adaptation option across a wide range of drought *** of a stress gradient methodology allowed a more detailed understanding of stress responses.

关键词： climate change drought forage production functional biodiversity perturbation gradient resilience root traits

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Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Epigenomes Exhibit Altered DNA Methylation in Smokers and Neversmokers

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2023年第5期21卷 991-1013页

作者： jennifer A.Karlow Erica C.Pehrsson Xiaoyun Xing Mark Watson Siddhartha Devarakonda Ramaswamy Govindan Ting Wang Department of Genetics Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110USA The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110USA Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110USA Department of Medicine Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110USA McDonnell Genome Institute Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63108USA

Epigenetic alterations are widespread in cancer and can complement genetic alterations to influence cancer progression and treatment *** determine the potential contribution of DNA methylation alterations to tumor phenotype in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)in both smoker and never-smoker patients,we performed genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation in 17 primary NSCLC tumors and 10 matched normal lung samples using the complementary assays,methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing(MeDIP-seq)and methylation sensitive restric-tion enzyme sequencing(MRE-seq).We reported recurrent methylation changes in the promoters of several genes,many previously implicated in cancer,including FAM83A and SEPT9(hy-pomethylation),as well as PCDH7,NKX2-1,and SOX17(hypermethylation).Although many methylation changes between tumors and their paired normal samples were shared across patients,several were specific to a particular smoking *** example,never-smokers displayed a greater proportion of hypomethylated differentially methylated regions(hypoDMRs)and a greater number of recurrently hypomethylated promoters,including those of ASPSCRI,TOP2A,DPP9,and USP39,all previously linked to *** outside of promoters were also widespread and often recurrent,particularly methylation loss over repetitive elements,highly enriched for ERV1 *** hypoDMRs were enriched for several transcription factor binding motifs,often for genes involved in signaling and cell *** example,71%of recurrent promoter hypoDMRs contained a motif for ***,the majority of DMRs were located within an active chromatin state in tissues profiled using the Roadmap Epigenomics data,suggesting that methylation changes may contribute to altered regulatory programs through the adaptation of cell type-specific expression programs.

关键词： Non-small cell lung cancer Epigenomics M&M methylCRF DNA methylation

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Exploring attendance at emergency departments for children with non-urgent conditions in Turkey: a qualitative study of parents and healthcare staff perspectives

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Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2022年第2期2卷 50-60页

作者： Ahmet Butun Fiona Lynn jennifer McGaughey Katrina McLaughlin Mark Linden Faculty of Health Sciences Mardin Artuklu UniversityKampus YerleskesiArtuklu/MardinTurkey School of Nursing and Midwifery Queen’s University BelfastMedical Biology CentreBelfastNorthern Ireland School of Psychology Queen’s University BelfastDavid Keir BuildingBelfastNorthern Ireland

Background:Overcrowding in Emergency Departments(EDs)is a significant global concern with negative consequences for patients,healthcare staff,and healthcare *** use of EDs by parents of children with non-urgent conditions is associated with overcrowding,higher healthcare costs,lower quality of care,and longer waiting *** in this area has largely been conducted in high-income countries,with a dearth of work originating in middle and low-income *** aim of this study was to explore the reasons for parents attending EDs with their child for non-urgent conditions in ***:Semi-structuredinterviews wereconductedwith 13parents,15 EDstaff,and10GeneralPractitioners(GPs)in2 regions of Turkey between March and May *** were analyzed using the principles of grounded ***:The findings were classified into 5 core categories:(1)parents’feelings,knowledge,and perceived inability to provide self-care;(2)perceived limitationsofhealthcare services,system,and staff;(3)parents’preferencesforhospital andED services;(4)adverse impact on ED services;and(5)perceived needs for ***:This is the first study conducted in a middle-income country regarding parental reasons for using the ED for non-urgent *** efforts must be made to reduce unnecessary visits to the ED to better meet service user needs and to increase the satisfaction of both parents and healthcare *** findings of this study may inform healthcare providers,policymakers,healthcare staff,and researchers to design interventions in order to mitigate overcrowding in the ED.

关键词： Emergency departments Healthcare staff experiences Non-urgent Overcrowding Parent experiences Qualitative research

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A pilot prospective prevalence study of chronic rhinosinusitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第4期8卷 339-344页

作者： India Dhillon jennifer Ham Ximena Maul Gregory Rosenfeld Andrew Thamboo Division of Otolaryngology St.Paul's Sinus CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada Division of Gastroenterology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada

Background:Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal ***-intestinal manifestations such as pulmonary diseases have been *** rhinosinusitis(CRS),an inflammatory condition of the sinonasal mucosa,has been associated with several lung *** the relationship between lung and intestinal pathologies,and lung and sinus pathologies,we aimed to determine the prevalence of IBD among CRS ***:Pilot prevalence ***-two CRS patients were screened for IBD symptoms from October 2018 to January ***-reported disease symptoms and overall quality of life were evaluated using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22(SNOT-22),Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire(SIBDQ),and EuroQol 5 Dimension 5 Level(EQ-5D-5L)*** Modified Lund-Kennedy(MLK)endoscopic and Lund-Mackay(LM)grading systems were used to confirm CRS *** who reported subjective symptoms of IBD were referred to a gastroenterologist clinic for further ***:Twenty of the 92(20.2%,95%CI:12.6%-29.8%)CRS patients reported symptoms of IBD and four individuals(4.26%,95%CI:1.17%-10.50%)were sub-sequently diagnosed with *** to patients without IBD symptoms(n=72),those with symptoms(n=20)reported significantly worse SNOT-22(P=0.002),SIBDQ(P<0.05),and EQ-5D-3L(P=0.0063)***,these patients did not exhibit significantly different MLK(P=0.81)or LM(P=0.04)***:The prevalence of IBD may be elevated among individuals with CRS relative to the general Canadian *** pilot study suggests that CRS with IBD is associated with lower quality of *** cross-sectional studies with larger sample sizes are required.

关键词： chronic rhinosinusitis microbiome Modified Lund–Kennedy quality of life Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22(SNOT-22)

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Response to osimertinib in a colorectal cancer patient with an EGFR T790M mutation: A case report

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2023年第10期15卷 1829-1834页

作者： Blake Buzard Lindsey Douglass Beth Gustafson jennifer Buckley Marc Roth Lara Kujtan Dhruv Bansal Cancer Institute St.Luke's HospitalKansasMO 64111United States Department of Medical Oncology University of Missouri-Kansas CityKansasMO 64108United States Department of Hematology/Oncology St.Luke's Cancer InstituteKansasMO 64111United States

BACKGROUND Although common in lung cancer,somatic epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutations are rarely found in colorectal cancer,occurring in approximately 3%of *** with anti-EGFR antibodies is commonplace,but EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors are not standard treatments in colorectal *** we report a case of sustained response to osimertinib in a colorectal cancer patient with an EGFR T790M mutation on cell-free DNA *** SUMMARY A 72-year old woman with a past medical history of post-polio syndrome confined to a wheelchair,scoliosis and hypothyroidism presented with metastatic sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma with hepatic *** generation sequencing revealed a RAS/RAF wild-type,microsatellite stable,PD-L1 negative *** in TP3 and APC were also identified,as well as EGFR ***-free DNA analysis revealed an EGFR T790M *** was unable to tolerate first-line treatment with panitumumab,5-fluorouracil and leucovorin,progressed on second-line treatment with trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab,and was unable to tolerate third-line treatment with *** was started on fourth-line treatment with off-label osimertinib,with clinical response–decrease in size of hepatic metastases and a pericardial *** remained on treatment with osimertinib for seven *** This case shows the benefit of multi-gene sequencing assays to identify potential therapeutic options in patients with refractory disease.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Osimertinib Epidermal growth factor receptor T790M Precision oncology Tyrosine kinase inhibitor Case report

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Behavioral interactions between a coexisting rodent Micaelamys namaquensis and macroscelid Elephantulus myurus

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Current Zoology 2010年第4期56卷 395-400页

作者： jennifer LANCASTER Neville PILLAY School of Animal Plant and Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersrand

A number of mechanisms are known to influence coexistence in small mammal communities. However, the role ofbehavioral interactions in promoting species coexistence is under-represented in the literature. We studied the behavioral interactionsof two coexisting small mammals, the Namaqua rock mouse Micaelamys namaquensis (Rodentia) and the Rock sengi Elephantulusmyurus (Macroscelidae), which have high dietary and microhabitat overlap. Using wild-caught individuals, intra- andinterspecific dyadic encounters were staged in tanks on a neutral rocky outcrop. Interspecific dyads displayed significantly moreactive avoidance behavior. There was no support for the prediction that the larger, more specialist species, E. myurus, is behaviorallydominant over M. namaquensis. Intraspecific encounters of E. myurus showed significantly more passive avoidance andamicable behavior, whereas the behavior of M. namaquensis did not differ between intra- and inter-specific encounters, both ofwhich were characterized by low levels of aggression and amicability. Thus, due to the lack of aggression, direct competition appearsweak and instead mutual avoidance may reduce or minimize interspecific interactions, potentially promoting coexistence.

关键词：回避行为物种共存啮齿类动物相互作用小哺乳动物动物群落大肠杆菌蒸发散

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Investigation of Influencing Parameters for Tribological Conditions in Dry Forming Processes

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2015年第12期28卷 1435-1441页

作者： jennifer Steiner Marion Merklein Institute of Manufacturing Technology Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg

Environmental awareness and a growing demand for efficient resource utilization encourage the realization of lubricant-free forming processes. A first step in accomplishing dry sheet metal forming is to gain knowledge about the changing tribological conditions and to identify the relevant influencing parameters. The commonly used flat strip drawing test was selected to investigate the tribological conditions in the flange area of deep drawing processes. The influencing factors of contact pressure and varying drawing velocities were analyzed under dry and lubricated conditions. Additionally,the tool and workpiece surfaces were characterized. Besides lubrication, the contact pressure mainly determines the tribological conditions. In lubricated tests higher normal pressure reduces friction, whereas without lubrication higher pressure results in slightly increasing friction. A changing drawing velocity affects the friction when lubricant is applied. In dry experiments, no influence of velocity was found. Results of surface characterization reveal adhesion as main wear mechanism under dry conditions. Based on the investigated influence of the process parameters, an increase in process understanding for dry forming operations is derived.

关键词： Deep drawing Tribology Friction Dry forming

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Nanostructure in energy conversion

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2016年第2期25卷 169-188页

作者： Saskia Buller jennifer Strunk Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Mulheim Ruhr Germany Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen University of Duisburg-Essen Germany

Nanostructured and nanosized materials are widely applied to tackle the pressing challenges associated with energy conversion. In this conceptual review, rather than highlighting separate examples, we aim to give a general overview about where and how nanostructure design can be beneficial in the three major research fields（photo）thermal chemical energy conversion, electrochemical energy conversion, and solar energy conversion. It will be shown that in many cases the design of catalytically active nanostructures is the main task and that especially for catalysts nanostructure and activity are inseparably linked to each other. Moreover, electrochemical and photochemical processes are complicated by the overlap of multiple processes that all need to be optimized, including in particular light absorption, charge migration,recombination and trapping events and surface processes. It will also be shown how the development of materials for new challenges can often be based on our knowledge on existing materials for related applications.

关键词： Renewable energy Nanostructure Electrochemical energy Solar power

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A Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness in Recovery from Colorectal Cancer

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2023年第7期29卷 590-599页

作者： Andrew McCombie jennifer Jordan Roger Mulder Kishion Dee Ee Lin Ong Fernanda Fernandez Zimmermann Chris Frampton Frank Frizelle Te Whatu Ora(Health New Zealand)Waitaha Canterbury Christchurch 8011New Zealand University of Otago Christchurch 8140New Zealand The Psychology Hub Christchurch 8011New Zealand Oxford Mindfulness Centre University of OxfordOxfordOX12JDUnited Kingdom Nature and Nurture Sparks Christchurch 8013New Zealand University of Otago Dunedin(9016)New Zealand

Objective:This study examined whether a 4-week group-based mindfulness intervention would be superior in reducing psychological distress in colorectal cancer(CRC)patients compared to a psychoeducation and cognitive behavioural skills learning support active control ***:Patients with CRC were randomized via Computerised Permuted Block Randomisation to mindfulness or active control groups(2-h weekly sessions over 4 weeks).Outcomes were measured pre-intervention,and 8 weeks and 6 months *** primary outcome was psychological distress measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression *** outcomes were generic quality of life(QoL),disease specific QoL,mindfulness,and intervention credibility and ***:Sixty-eight participants were randomized to mindfulness(n=35)or active control group(n=33).Uptake of potentially eligible patients consenting was low(28.0%)and the dropout rate was 33.8%.Depression scores were reduced in both groups at week 8(P=0.020).Control participants had greater improvement in generic mental QoL scores at week 8 than mindfulness(P=0.023).In disease specific QoL,there was reduction in impotence symptom in the mindfulness group(P=0.022)and reduction in faecal incontinence in the control group(P=0.019).The embarrassment symptom had a significantly lower increase in the mindfulness group at week 8 compared to the control group(P=0.009).Both groups rated the treatments as credible and ***:Mindfulness was not superior to the active control group in terms of alleviating psychological distress but both treatments were associated with some improvements in *** was low uptake of both interventions.(Trial registration number:ACTRN12616001033437)

关键词： anxiety colorectal cancer depression distress mindfulness psychoeducation psychology psychological distress randomized controlled trial quality of life

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