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Managing hybridization of a recovering endangered species： The red wolf Canis rufus as a case study

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 191-205页

作者： Eric M. GESE Fred F. k.OWLTON jennifer R. ADAMS k.ren BECk.Todd k. FULLER Dennis L. MURRAY Todd D. STEURY Michael k. STOSk.PF Will T. WADDELL Lisette P. WAITS USDA/APHIS/WS/National Wildlife Research Center Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5230 USA Department ofFish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho Moscow Idaho 83844-1136 USA Environmental Medicine Consortium College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27606 USA Department of Environmental Conservation 160 Holdsworth Way University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003-9285 USA Department of Biology Trent University 1600 West Bank Drive Peterborough Ontario K9J 7B8 Canada School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium 5400 North Pearl Street Tacoma WA 98407 USA

Hybridization presents a unique challenge for conservation biologists and managers. While hybridization is an important evolutionary process, hybridization is also a threat formany native species. The endangered species recovery effort for the red wolf Canis rufus is a classic system for understanding and addressing the challenges of hybridization. From 1987-1993, 63 red wolves were released from captivity in eastern North Carolina, USA, to establish a free-ranging, non-essential experimental population. By 1999, managers recognized hybridization with invasive coyotes Canis latrans was the single greatest threat to successful recovery, and an adaptive management plan was adopted with innovative approaches for managing the threat of hybridization. Here we review the application and results of the adaptive management efforts from 1993 to 2013 by comparing: (1) the numbers of wolves, coyotes, and hybrids captured, (2) the numbers of territorial social groups with presumed breeding capabilities, (3) the number of red wolf and hybrid litters documented each year and (4) the degree of coyote introgression into the wild red wolf gene pool. We documented substantial increases in the number of k.own red wolves and red wolf social groups from 1987-2004 followed by a plateau and slight decline by *** number of red wolf litters exceeded hybrid litters each year and the proportion of hybrid litters per year averaged 21%. The genetic composition of the wild red wolf population is estimated to include < 4% coyote ancestry from recent introgression since reintroduction. We conclude that the adaptive management plan was effective at reducing the introgression of coyote genes into the red wolf population, but population recovery of red wolves will require continuation of the current management plan, or alternative approaches, for the foreseeable future. More broadly, we discuss the lessons learned from red wolf adaptive management that could assist other endangered species recov

关键词：物种管理濒危物种狼犬杂交适应性管理案例北卡罗来纳州实验种群

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness in Recovery from Colorectal Cancer

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2023年第7期29卷 590-599页

作者： Andrew McCombie jennifer Jordan Roger Mulder k.shion Dee Ee Lin Ong Fernanda Fernandez Zimmermann Chris Frampton Frank.Frizelle Te Whatu Ora(Health New Zealand)Waitaha Canterbury Christchurch 8011New Zealand University of Otago Christchurch 8140New Zealand The Psychology Hub Christchurch 8011New Zealand Oxford Mindfulness Centre University of OxfordOxfordOX12JDUnited Kingdom Nature and Nurture Spark. Christchurch 8013New Zealand University of Otago Dunedin(9016)New Zealand

Objective:This study examined whether a 4-week.group-based mindfulness intervention would be superior in reducing psychological distress in colorectal cancer(CRC)patients compared to a psychoeducation and cognitive behavioural sk.lls learning support active control ***:Patients with CRC were randomized via Computerised Permuted Block.Randomisation to mindfulness or active control groups(2-h week.y sessions over 4 week.).Outcomes were measured pre-intervention,and 8 week. and 6 months *** primary outcome was psychological distress measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression *** outcomes were generic quality of life(QoL),disease specific QoL,mindfulness,and intervention credibility and ***:Sixty-eight participants were randomized to mindfulness(n=35)or active control group(n=33).Uptak. of potentially eligible patients consenting was low(28.0%)and the dropout rate was 33.8%.Depression scores were reduced in both groups at week.8(P=0.020).Control participants had greater improvement in generic mental QoL scores at week.8 than mindfulness(P=0.023).In disease specific QoL,there was reduction in impotence symptom in the mindfulness group(P=0.022)and reduction in faecal incontinence in the control group(P=0.019).The embarrassment symptom had a significantly lower increase in the mindfulness group at week.8 compared to the control group(P=0.009).Both groups rated the treatments as credible and ***:Mindfulness was not superior to the active control group in terms of alleviating psychological distress but both treatments were associated with some improvements in *** was low uptak. of both interventions.(Trial registration number:ACTRN12616001033437)

关键词： anxiety colorectal cancer depression distress mindfulness psychoeducation psychology psychological distress randomized controlled trial quality of life

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Increasing BMI Z-Scores 3 Years after Diagnosis among a Multiethnic Cohort of Childhood Cancer Survivors Treated in South Los Angeles

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第3期10卷 141-151页

作者： Sonia Morales Moran Gotesman Emily M. Su jennifer k. Yee Maritza E. Ruiz Scott Friedlander Joseph L. Lask. III Eduard H. Panosyan Harbor-UCLA Medical Center The Lundquist Institute of Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Torrance CA USA Summa Health System Akron OH USA Miller Children’s and Women’s Hospital Long Beach Long Beach CA USA New York.University Langone Health New York NY USA Cure 4 The k.ds Foundation One Breakthrough Way Las Vegas NV USA

Back.round: Due to successful treatment modalities, the majority of pediatric cancer patients will survive. Increased body mass index (BMI) is a complication among pediatric cancer survivors. Methods: This retrospective single-center study examined BMI changes among a cohort of predominantly Hispanic patients who were treated in South Los Angeles. Data were collected at diagnosis, 1, 2 and 3 years after. Analyses included z-scores derived from calculated BMIs compared over 3 years per gender, diagnosis, and treatment modality. The unhealthy BMI z-score was defined as >1.04. Results: Thirty-four percent of the predominantly Hispanic sample had unhealthy BMI z-scores of >1.04 correlating to at or greater than the 85th percentile for age and gender. The study cohort’s BMI z-scores significantly increased from 0.15 to 1.29 at year 3 (P < 0.0001), putting 55% of this population in the unhealthy category. Median BMI z-score significantly increased to the unhealthy category at 3 years. Conclusions: Due to the predominance of Hispanic patients in this group, culturally sensitive interventions beginning at diagnosis should be considered.

关键词： Pediatric Cancer Survivorship Obesity Health Disparities Long-Term Side Effects Hispanic Health

Ultraviolet light exposure and its penetrance through the eye in a porcine model

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第2期16卷 172-177页

作者： Hidek. Fuk.ok. Helena E.Gali jennifer J.Bu Ruti Sella Natalie A.Afshari Shiley Eye Institute Viterbi Family Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

AIM:To determine the amount of ultraviolet(UV)light irradiance that various layers of the eye receive as sunlight passes through the eye,and to investigate the protective benefits of UV light-block.ng contact ***:Twenty-four porcine eyes were prepared in one of three ways:isolated cornea,cornea and lens together,or whole eye *** light irradiance was measured with a UV-A/B light meter before and after the eye preparations were placed over the meter to measure UV light penetration in each eye *** the whole eye preparation,a hole was placed in the fovea to measure light as it passed through the ***,UVprotective contact lenses were placed over the structures,and UV light penetrance was *** of UV light exposure were tak.n outdoors at various locations and ***:Cornea absorbed 63.56%of UV light that reached the *** and lens absorbed 99.34%of UV *** eye absorbed 99.77%of UV *** UV-protective contact lenses were placed,absorption was 98.90%,99.55%,and 99.87%,*** light exposure was dependent on directionality and time of day,and was greatest in areas of high albedo that reflect significant amounts of light,such as a ***:Cornea absorbs the majority of UV light that reaches the eye in this ***-protective contact lenses reduce UV exposure to the *** with high albedo expose the eye to higher levels of UV light.

关键词： ultraviolet light penetrance contact lens cornea lens

Tuning the crystal structure and optical properties of selective area grown InGaAs nanowires

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Nano Research 2022年第4期15卷 3695-3703页

作者： Zahra Azimi Aswani Gopak.mar Amira SAmeruddin Li Li Thien Truong Hieu TNguyen Hark.Hoe Tan Chennupati Jagadish jennifer Wong-Leung Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Research School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberra ACT 2601Australia Faculty of Applied Science and Technology Universiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaBatu Pahat 86400Malaysia Australian National Fabrication Facility ACT Node Research School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberra ACT 2601Australia School of Engineering The Australian National UniversityCanberra ACT 2601Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems Research School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberra ACT 2601Australia

Catalyst-free InGaAs nanowires grown by selective area epitaxy are promising building block. for future optoelectronic devices in the infrared spectral *** progress,the role of pattern geometry and growth parameters on the composition,microstructure,and optical properties of InGaAs nanowires is still ***,we present an optimised growth parameter window to achieve highly uniform In1-xGaxAs nanowire arrays on GaAs(111)B substrate over an extensive range of Ga concentrations,from 0.1 to 0.91,by selective-area metal-organic vapor-phase *** observe that the Ga content always increases with decreasing In/(Ga+In)precursor ratio and group V flow rate and increasing growth *** increase in Ga content is supported by a blue shift in the photoluminescence peak.*** geometry of the nanowire arrays also plays an important role in the resulting ***,increasing the nanowire pitch size from 0.6 to 2μm in a patterned array shifts the photoluminescence peak.emission by up to 120 *** of these growth and geometry parameters,the Ga content determines the crystal structure,resulting in a predominantly wurtzite structure for xGa≤0.3 and a predominantly zinc blende phase for xGa≥*** insights on the factors controlling the composition of InGaAs nanowires grown by a scalable catalyst-free approach provide directions for engineering nanowires as functional components of future optoelectronic devices.

关键词： InGaAs nanowires ternary semiconductors selective-area metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy nanostructure pattern geometry

Trends in characteristics of neurologists who provide strok. consultations in the USA,2008-2021

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Strok. & Vascular Neurology 2023年第1期8卷 86-88页

作者： Carter H Nak.moto Andrew D Wilcock.Lee H Schwamm jennifer J Majersik.k.ri S Zachrison Ateev Mehrotra Department of Health Care Policy Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Family Medicine University of Vermont Larner College of MedicineBurlingtonVermontUSA Department of Neurology Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Neurology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA Department of Emergency Medicine Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Division of General Medicine and Primary Care Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA

Introduction Patients with acute ischaemic strok.s(AIS),on average,fare better with timely neurologist consultation,and a growing proportion of them receive ***,little is k.own about trends in the characteristics of neurologists who treat *** We identified AIS and transient ischaemic attack.TIA)episodes with neurologist consults in fee-for service Medicare from January 2008 to September *** each episode,we determined whether the neurologist was a vascular neurologist,was a high-volume provider,whether the patient was transferred between hospitals and the distance between the patient’s home and physician’s *** From 2008 to 2021,the share of AIS/TIA episodes(n=5073294)with neurologist consults increased(52.9%to 61.7%).Among episodes with consults,the fraction conducted by a vascular neurologist(5.2%to 13.7%)or by a high-volume neurologist(13.2%to 14.9%)also *** fraction with the patient’s home and neurologist greater than 100 miles apart(4.8%to 9.6%)or in different states(5.1%to 8.1%)increased,as did the fraction with transfers(4.2%to 8.5%).Discussion Over the study period,the proportion of AIS/TIA episodes with consultations from neurologists with either vascular neurology certifications or high volumes increased substantially.

关键词： acute characteristics consultation

k.otho and neurons: mutual crosstalk.between autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum, and inflammatory response

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第8期16卷 1542-1543页

作者： jennifer Mytych Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction Institute of Biology and BiotechnologyCollegium Scientarium NaturaliumUniversity of RzeszowWerynia 236-100 KolbuszowaPoland

k.otho is one of a number of well-k.own longevity-associated *** depletion in aging or disease may promote several neuropathologies associated with the central nervous system,including hypomyelination and phosphorylat... 详细信息

关键词： k.otho inflammation reticulum

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Preface to the Focused Issue in Honor of Professor Philip Roe on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2020年第3期2卷 319-320页

作者： Rémi Abgrall jennifer k.Ryan Chi-Wang Shu Institüt für Mathematik Universität ZürichWinterhurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Colorado School of MinesGoldenCO80401USA Division of Applied Mathematics Brown UniversityProvidenceRI02912USA

On July 3-4,2018,an international work.hop was organised at the University of Cambridge,by ***,to mark.the 80th anniversary of a young scientist,Philip ***'s scientific achievements are numerous,and it is quite difficult to adequately address his accomplishments in a short *** began his journey at Cambridge,first for his Bachelor's degree and then obtaining his Master's degree in *** left for the Royal Aircraft Establishment(RAE)between 1962 to 1984 to work.as an *** was a period of adventure,and the design of mature CFD codes for solving the Euler equations was far from being *** the Lax-Wendroff theorem was k.own(published in 1960),as for many novelties,it had tak.n some time before it became a gold *** the RAE,Phil was assigned by his manager to work.in a direction that eventually led to Roe's Riemann solver and *** method is now standard in every specialised textbook.but the jump from generalizing the Murman scheme for Euler equations to what is now commonly k.own as the Roe flux is far from *** Roe relates this adventure,and others,in his"scientific autobiography",one of the papers of this focused issue.

关键词： eventually accomplishment assigned

Entrainment of *** and Listeria monocytogenes from sediment in irrigation canal

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第6期37卷 701-714页

作者： k.n Qi Erfan Ghasemi Tousi jennifer Guohong Duan Patricia Marie Gundy k.lly Rae Bright Charles Peter Gerba Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering and Mechanics The University of Arizona Department of Environmental Science The University of Arizona Water & Energy Sustainable Technology (WEST) Center

E. coli and Listeria monocytogenes(or L. monocytogenes) are bacteria affecting fresh produce that is harmful for health of humans and animals. If these bacteria are present in surface waterbody(e.g.,irrigation canals), they will impair irrigation water quality and threaten produce safety. This paper studied the resuspension of E. coli and Listeria from bed sediment into irrigation water through several sets of laboratory experiments in an open channel flume. We studied three types of sediments using several flow rates in different velocities and shear stress. Bacteria’s concentration in water increases with the bed shear stress. Two empirical relations were derived to correlate the concentration of E. coli and L. monocytogenes with the dimensionless bed shear stress. The experimental data favorably verified the relationships for sandy loam, loamy sand, and loam. The results showed that both bacteria could entrain from sand more efficiently compared to other sediments(i.e., sandy loam or loam). These relationships can be applied to water quality models for simulating E. coli and L. monocytogenes transport in irrigation canals for better managing irrigation water quality.

关键词： Bacteria E. coli L. monocytogenes Sediment transport Irrigation water Sediment model